Editing List of former sovereign states

{{Short description|none}}
A '''historical sovereign state''' is a [[Sovereign state|state]] that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists [[sovereign state]]s, [[country|countries]], [[nation]]s, or [[empire]]s that ceased to exist as political entities sometime after 1453, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.{{NoteTag|The asserted [[sovereignty]] of some states listed here was generally unrecognized; the [[list of historical unrecognized states and dependencies]] article may contain further information regarding such states.}}

==Criteria for inclusion==
The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to that of the [[list of states with limited recognition]]. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood and either:
* had de facto control over a territory, a population, a government, a capacity to enter into relations with other states, or
* have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.

This is not a list for all variant governments of a state, nor is it a list of variations of countries' official long form name.
For purposes of this list, the cutoff between medieval and early modern states is the [[fall of Constantinople]] in 1453.

==Ancient and medieval states==
* [[Copper Age state societies|List of Copper Age states]]
* [[List of Bronze Age states]]
* [[List of Iron Age states]]
* [[List of Classical Age states]]
* [[List of states during Late Antiquity]]
* [[List of states during the Middle Ages]]

==Modern states and territories by geography==
===Africa===
{{See also|List of kingdoms in Africa throughout history}}
{{See also|List of African Great Lakes kingdoms}}
{{Contradicts other|date=June 2013|1=List of pre-modern states}}

====Morocco (Maghreb al-Aqsa)====
* [[Marinid Sultanate]] (1244–1465)
* [[Wattasid dynasty]] (1472–1549)
* [[Saadi Sultanate]] (1510–1649)
* [[Tétouan|Naqsid Principality of Tetouan]] (1597–1673 CE)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Salé (1624-1668).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Salé]] (1627–1668)
* [['Alawi dynasty]] (1631–1912)
* [[Zawiya Dila'iya]] (1637–1668)
* [[Alawi Sultanate|Sharifian Sultanate]] (1666–1912)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of the Rif]] (1921–1926)

====Egypt, Sudan and Libya====
* [[File:The flag of the 'Kingdom of Dongola' (Makuria) in the "Book of all kingdoms" (C. 1350).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Makuria]] (5th century–1518)
* [[Emirate of Banu Talis]] (1228 - 1551)
* [[File:Possible Flag of the Kingdom of Alodia (c. 1350).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Alodia]] (6th century–1504)
* [[Kingdom of al-Abwab]] (13th century–15th/16th century?]
* [[File: Mameluke Flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Mamluk Sultanate]] (1250–1517)
* [[File:Flag of the Shilluk.svg|20x20px]] [[Shilluk Kingdom]] (15th century–1861)
* [[File:Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg|20px]] [[Egypt Eyalet]] (1517–1867)
* [[Kingdom of Fazughli]] ({{circa|1500}}–1685)
* [[File:Royal Funj "wasm" (branding mark).png|31x31px]] [[Sennar (sultanate)|Sultanate of Sennar]] (1504–1821)
* [[Awlad Muhammad|Fezzan Sultanate]] (1550-1812)
* [[File:Flag of Darfur.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Sultanate of Darfur]] (1603–1874/1898–1916)
* [[Taqali]] (1750–1969)
* [[File:Flag of the Mahdi movement in Sudan.svg|20x20px]] [[Mahdist State]] (1885–1899)
* [[File:Flag of the Tripolitanian Republic (Fictional).svg|20px|border]] [[Tripolitanian Republic]] (1918–1922)
* [[File:Flag of Cyrenaica.svg|20x20px]] [[Emirate of Cyrenaica]] (1949–1951)
* [[File:Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971).svg|border|20x20px]] [[United Arab Republic]] (1958–1971)

====Algeria (Central Maghreb)====
* [[File:Hafsid Flag - Tunisia.svg|20px|border]] [[Hafsid dynasty]] (1229–1574)
* [[File:Flag of Béjaïa (14th century).svg|20x20px]] [[Hafsids of Béjaïa|Hafsid Emirate of Béjaïa]] (1285–1510)
* [[File:Dz tlem2.png|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] (1235–1556)
* [[Kingdom of Kuku]] (1515–1638)
* [[File:Drapeau Royaume Ait Abbas (Beni Abbès).svg|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Beni Abbas]] (1510–1871)
*  [[Sultanate of Tuggurt]] (1414–1871)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Algiers.jpg}} [[Ottoman Algeria|Regency of Algiers]] (1516–1830)
* [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Mascara.svg|23x23px]] [[Emirate of Abdelkader]] (1832–1847)

==== Comoro Islands ====
* [[File:Flag of the Comoros (1975–1978).svg|20x20px]] [[Ali Soilih|Ali Soilih Regime]] (1976–1978)
* [[File:Flag of Anjouan (official).svg|20x20px]] [[Anjouan|State of Anjouan]] (1997–2002), (2007–2008)

==== Madagascar ====
* [[File:Flag of the Antankarana Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Antankarana|Kingdom of Antankarana]] – made a French protectorate in 1843, annexed in 1895
* [[File:Flag of the Antongila Kingdom (1773-1786).svg|20px|border]] [[Maurice Benyovszky#First expedition to Madagascar|Kingdom of Antongil]] (1773–1786)
* [[File:Flag of the Boina Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Boina Kingdom|Kingdom of Boina]] ({{circa|1690}}–1840)
* [[File:Flag of the Menabe Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Menabe|Kingdom of Menabe]] ({{circa|1685}}–1834)
* [[File:Flag of the Merina Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Imerina]] (1540–1897)
* [[File:Flag of the Tamatave Kingdom (1750-1819).svg|20px|border]] [[Tamatave|Kingdom of Tamatave]] (1712–1828)
* [[File:Flag of the Tanibe Kingdom (1822-1828).svg|20px|border]] [[Tanibe|Kingdom of Tanibe]] (1822–1828)

====Sub-Saharan Africa====
* [[File:Bornu flag.tif|20px|border]] [[Bornu Empire]] ({{circa|1380}}–1893)
* [[File:Flag of the Shilluk.svg|20px|border]] [[Shilluk Kingdom]] (15th century–1861)
* [[Wadai Empire]] (1501–1912)
* [[Kingdom of Baguirmi]] (1480/1522–1897)

==== Horn of Africa ====
* [[Medri Bahri]] ({{circa|1137}}–1879)
* [[Kingdom of Wolaita|Welayta Kingdom]] (c.1251–1896)
* [[Hadiya Sultanate]] (13th century–15th century)
* [[File:Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg|20px|border]] [[Ajuran Sultanate]] (13th/14th century–17th century)
* [[Ethiopian Empire]] (1270–1974)
* [[Ennarea]] (14th century–{{circa|1710}})
* [[Kingdom of Kaffa]] ({{circa|1390}}–1897)
* [[File:Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Adal Sultanate]] (1415–1559)
* [[Kingdom of Janjero]] (c.15th century–1894)
* [[File:Red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Majeerteen Sultanate]] (15th/16th century–1927)
* [[File:Red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Imamate of Aussa]] (1577–1734)
* [[Emirate of Harar]] (1647–1887)
* [[Sultanate of the Geledi]] (1695–1911)
* [[File:Red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Aussa Sultanate]] (1734–1936)
* [[File:Isaaq Flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Isaaq Sultanate]] (1750–1884)
* [[Habr Yunis Sultanate]] ({{circa|1769}}–1907)
* [[Kingdom of Gumma]] ({{circa|1770}}–1902)
* [[Kingdom of Gomma]] ({{circa|1780}}–1886)
* [[Kingdom of Jimma]] (1790–1932)
* [[Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea]] (1801–1891)
* [[Kingdom of Gera]] (1835–1887)
* [[File:Red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Hobyo]] (1878–1927)
* {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[State of Somaliland]] (1960)

==== Western Africa ====
* [[Emirate of Trarza]] (1640–1902)
* [[Emirate of Tagant]]{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* [[Emirate of Brakna]]{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* [[Mali Empire]] ({{circa|1230}}–1672)
* [[Bamana Empire]] (1712–1861)
* [[Khasso]] (17th century–19th century)
* [[Sultanate of Agadez]] (1449–1900)
* [[Songhai Empire]] ({{circa|1340}}–1591)
* [[Mossi Kingdoms|Mossi States]]
** [[List of rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi|Gurunsi]] ({{circa|1870}}–1899)
** [[Gwiriko|Gwiriko Kingdom]] (1714–1897)
** [[List of rulers of Liptako|Liptako]] (1718–1897, fully disestablished 1963)
** [[List of rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo|Tenkodogo]] ({{circa|1120}}–1897)
** [[List of rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo|Wogodogo]] (1182?–1897)
** [[List of rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga|Yatenga]] (?–1895)
** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga|Bilanga]]
** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga|Bilayanga]]
** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini|Bongandini]]
** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con|Con]]
** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali|Macakoali]]
** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela|Piela]]
** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu|Nungu]] (1204–1895)
* [[Zabarma Emirate]] (1860–1897)
* [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|20px|border]] [[Sokoto Caliphate]] (1804–1903)
* [[Sultanate of Damagaram]] (1731–1851)
* [[Empire of Great Fulo]] (Denanke Kingdom) (1490–1776)
* [[Imamate of Futa Toro]] (1725–1861)
* [[Jolof Empire]] (1350–1549)
* [[Kingdom of Jolof]] (1549–1875)
* [[Kingdom of Sine]] (c. 1520–1867, fully disestablished 1969)
* [[Saloum|Kingdom of Saloum]] (1494–1864, fully disestablished 1969)
* [[Baol|Kingdom of Baol]] (1555–1895)
* [[File:Flag Of Cayor2.png|20px]] [[Cayor|Kingdom of Cayor]] (1549–1879)
* [[Waalo|Kingdom of Waalo]] (1287–1855)
* [[Bundu (state)|Bundu]] (1690–1858)
* [[Kaabu]] (1537–1867)
* [[Solimana (state)|Solimana]] (1600s-1869)
* [[File:Flag of the Imamate of Futa Djallon (pre-1896).svg|20x20px]] [[Imamate of Futa Jallon]] (1725–1912)
* [[Toucouleur Empire]] (1861–1890)
* [[File:Flag of the Wassoulou Empire.svg|21px|border]] [[Wassoulou Empire]] (1878–1898)
* [[Kong Empire]] (1710–1898)
* [[Kingdom of Dagbon]] ({{circa|1250}}–1899?)
* [[File:Flag of Ashanti.svg|20px|border]] [[Ashanti Empire]] (1670/1701–1902, still exists as a region)
* [[Bono state|Bonoman]] (11th century–20th century)
* [[Gyaaman]] ({{circa|1450}}–1895)
* [[Denkyira]] ({{circa|1500}}–1701)
* [[Mankessim Kingdom]] (1252–1844)
* [[Fante Confederacy]] (16th century–1873)
* [[Kingdom of Whydah]] ({{circa|1580}}–1727)
* [[File:Flag of Ghezo of Dahomey.svg|20px|border]] [[Dahomey|Kingdom of Dahomey]] ({{circa|1600}}–1904)
* [[Oyo Empire]] ({{circa|1300}}–1896)
* [[Kingdom of Benin]] (1180–1897)
* [[Kingdom of Nri]] (9th century–1911)
* [[File:Nzuko-Arochukwu.png|20px|border]] [[Aro Confederacy]] (1690–1902)
* [[Kwararafa]] ({{circa|1500|1840}})
* {{flagicon|Burkina Faso|}} [[Thomas Sankara]]'s [[Burkina Faso]] government (1984–1987)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Guinea.svg}} [[History of Guinea#Sékou Touré's rule (1958–1984)|People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea]] (1979–1984)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Maryland.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Maryland]] (1854–1857)
* [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Dahomey]] (1958–1975)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Benin.svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Benin (1967)|Republic of Benin]] (September 19, 1967 – September 20, 1967)
* [[File:Flag of Biafra.svg|20px|border]] [[Biafra]] (1967–1970)

==== African Great Lakes ====
* [[File:Flag of Buganda (1892).svg|20px|border]] [[Buganda]] (14th century–1894, still exists as traditional kingdom)
* [[File:Flag of Bunyoro, Uganda.svg|20px|border]] [[Bunyoro]] (13th century–1897, still exists as traditional kingdom)
* [[File:Flag of Ankole.svg|20px|border]] [[Ankole]] (1478–1901, fully disestablished 1967)
* [[File:Flag of Toro, Uganda.svg|20px|border]] [[Toro Kingdom]] (1830–1876, still exists as traditional kingdom)
* [[File:Flag of Busoga (royal standard).png|20px|border]] [[Busoga]] (?–1906, still exists as traditional kingdom)
* [[Kingdom of Rwanda]] (11th century–1885, fully disestablished 1962)
* [[File:Flag of Burundi (1962–1966).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Burundi]] (1680–1890/1962–1966)
* [[Kingdom of Karagwe]] (1450–1963) {{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

==== Eastern Africa ====
* [[List of rulers of Pate|Pate Sultanate]] (1203–1870)
* [[Malindi Kingdom]] (9th century–15th century)
* [[List of rulers of Mombasa|Mombasa Sultanate]] (1502–1887, fully disestablished 1963)
* [[File:Flag of the Witu Protectorate (1893-1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Wituland|Witu Sultanate]] ({{circa|1810}}–1905/1923)
* [[Kilwa Sultanate]] (957–1513)
* [[Maravi|Kingdom of Maravi]] ({{circa|1480}}–1891)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963).svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Zanzibar]] (pre–1503/4, 1856–1890, 1963–1964)
* [[File:Flag of Zanzibar (January-April 1964).svg|20px|border]] [[People's Republic of Zanzibar]] (1964)
* [[File:Flag of Tanganyika (1961–1964).svg|20px|border]] [[Tanganyika (1961–1964)|Tanganyika]] (1961–1964)

====Central Africa====
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Loango.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Loango]] ({{circa|1550|1883}})
* [[Yaka people#Exodus to Kwango Region and establishment of the Yaka kingdom|Yaka Kingdom]] (17th century–18th century)
* [[Anziku Kingdom]] (?–19th century)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Kongo]] (1390–1914)
* [[Kuba Kingdom]] (1625–1884)
* [[Kingdom of Luba]] (1585–1889)
* [[Kingdom of Lunda]] ({{circa|1600}}–1887)
* [[Yeke Kingdom]] (1856–1891)
* [[Kingdom of Ndongo]] (16th century–1671)
* [[Kasanje Kingdom]] (1620–1910)
* [[Kingdom of Matamba]] (1631–1744)
* [[Mbunda Kingdom]] (1700–1914)
* [[Chokwe people#History|Chokwe Kingdom]]{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* [[Kazembe#Pre-colonial history|Kazembe Kingdom]] (c. 1740–1894)
* [[International Association of the Congo]] (1879–1885)
* [[File:Flag of the Congo Free State.svg|20px|border]] [[Congo Free State]] (1885–1908)
* [[File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Zaire]] (1971–1997)

====Southern Africa====
* Kingdom of [[Barotseland]] (19th century)
* [[File:Coat of arms granted in 1569 by the King of Portugal to Monomatapa.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Mutapa]] (1430–1760)
* [[Kingdom of Zimbabwe]] (1220–1450)
* [[Kingdom of Butua]] (1450–{{circa|1683}})
* [[Rozvi Empire]] (1660–1889)
* [[Mthwakazi|Kingdom of Mthwakazi]] (1823–1894)
* [[Matabeleland|Ndebele Kingdom]]
* [[Gaza Empire]] (1824–1895)
* [[Mthethwa Paramountcy|Mthethwa Empire]] ({{circa|1780}}–1817)
* [[Gciriku]] (1780–1894)
* [[File:Mixed flag of Republic of Swellendam.png|20px|border]] [[Republic of Swellendam|Swellendam]] (1795)
* [[File:Mixed flag of Republic of Graaff-Reinet.png|20px|border]] [[Republic of Graaff-Reinet|Graaff-Reinet]] (1795–1796)
* [[Zulu Kingdom]] (1816–1897)
* [[File:Flag of Transvaal.svg|20px|border]] [[South African Republic]] (Transvaal) (1852–1877, 1881–1902)
* [[File:Flag of the Orange Free State.svg|20px|border]] [[Orange Free State]] (1854–1902)
* [[File:FlagGriekwalandEast.svg|20px|border]] [[Griqualand East]] (1862–1874)
* [[File:Flag of Nieuwe Republiek.svg|20x20px]] [[Nieuwe Republiek]] (1884–1888)
* [[File:Flag of Natalia Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Natalia Republic]] (1839–1843)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Goshen.svg|20x20px]] [[State of Goshen]] (1882–1883)
* [[File:Flag of Stellaland.svg|20x20px]] [[Stellaland|Republic of Stellaland]] (1882–1885)
* [[File:Flag of Stellaland (1883-5).svg|20x20px]] [[United States of Stellaland]] (1883–1885)
* [[File:Flag of Germany (1867–1919).svg|20x20px]] [[Upingtonia|Republic of Upingtonia]] (1885–1887)
* [[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg|20x20px]] [[Union of South Africa]] (1910–1961)
* [[File:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg|20x20px]] [[Bophuthatswana]] (1977–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Ciskei.svg|20x20px]] [[Ciskei]] (1981–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Transkei.svg|20x20px]] [[Transkei]] (1976–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg|20x20px]] [[Venda]] (1979–1994)
* {{Flagcountry|Rhodesia}} (1965–1979)
* {{flagcountry|Zimbabwe Rhodesia}} (1979)
* [[Colony of Natal|Natal]] (1843–1910)

===Asia===
====Central Asia====
* {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Chagatai_Khanate.svg}} [[Chagatai Khanate]] (1225–1680)
* [[Kart dynasty]] (1244–1381)
* [[Moghulistan]] (1347-1462)
* [[Uzbek Khanate]] (1428–1471)
* [[Nogai Horde]] (1440–1634)
* [[Kazakh Khanate]] (1465–1848)
* [[Khanate of Bukhara]] (1506–1785)
* [[Yarkent Khanate]] (1514-1705)
* [[Dzungar Khanate]] (1634–1755)
* [[Khanate of Kokand]] (1709–1868)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Bukhara.svg}} [[Emirate of Bukhara]] (1785–1873)
* {{Flagicon image|Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy (horizontal).svg}} [[Alash Autonomy]] (1917–1918)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg}} [[Turkestan Autonomy]] (1917–1918)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svg}} [[Khanate of Khiva]] (1511–1920)
* {{flagicon image|Confederated Republic of Altai Flag.svg}} [[Karakorum Government|Confederated Republic of Altai]] (1918–1920)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg}} [[Bukharan People's Soviet Republic]] (1920–1925)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg}} [[Khorezm People's Soviet Republic]] (1920–1925)
* {{flag|First East Turkestan Republic}} (1933–1934)
* {{flag|Second East Turkestan Republic}} (1944–1949)

====East Asia====
* [[Kingdom of Bumthang]] (7th century-17th century)
* [[Kingdom of Tungning]] (1661-1683)
* [[File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg|20px|border]] [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia]] (1911–1924)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|23px|border]] [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (based on [[mainland China]] 1912–1949; [[Republic of China retreat to Taiwan|continued existence]] on Taiwan since 1949)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg}} [[People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China]] (1933–1934)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Reformed Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|20x20px]] [[Wang Jingwei regime|Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Wang Jingwei Regime)]] (1940–1945)
* [[File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|20x20px]] [[Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)|Provisional Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940)
* [[File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|20x20px]] [[East Hebei Autonomous Government]] (1935–1938)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Formosa (1895).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Formosa]] (1895)
* [[File:Flag of the Ta Han Szechuan Military Government.svg|20px|border]] [[Great Han Sichuan Military Government]] (1911–1912)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Guangzhou Uprising|Guangzhou Commune]] (1927)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Autumn Harvest Uprising|Hunan Soviet]] (1927)
* [[File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Hunan Soviet]] in a continental Chinese province (1927)
* [[File:Flag of Inner-Mongolian Autonomous Government.svg|20x20px]] [[Inner Mongolian People's Republic]] (1945)
* [[File:POL COA Gryf.svg|alt=Coat of Arms of Jaxa|frameless|27x27px]] [[Jaxa (state)|Jaxa]] (1665–1674)
* [[File:Chinese soviet flag.svg|25x25px]] [[Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet]] (1931–1934)
* [[File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Chinese Soviet Republic|Jiangxi Soviet]] (1931–1937)
* [[File:Flag of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.svg|20px|border]] [[Korean People's Association in Manchuria]] (1929–1931)
* [[File:Flag of Manchukuo.svg|20px|border]] [[Manchukuo]] (1932–1945)
* [[File:Flag of the Mengjiang.svg|20x20px]] [[Mengjiang|Mengjiang United Autonomous Government]] (1939–1945)
* [[File:Seal of Ming dynasty.svg|20px]] [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644) and the [[Southern Ming]] (1644–1662)
* [[File:Flag of China (1889–1912).svg|20x20px]] [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912)
* [[File:Flag of Ryukyu.svg|20x20px]] [[Ryukyu Kingdom]] (1429–1879)
* [[File:Flag of the Great Way Municipal Government of Shanghai.svg|20x20px]] [[Great Way Government|Shanghai Great Way Government]] (1937–1938)
* [[Shun dynasty]] (1644–1646)
* {{flagicon image|中國工農紅軍軍旗.svg}} [[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)|Soviet Zone of China]] (1927–1949)
* [[File:Seal of the Taiping heavenly kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] (1851–1864)
* [[File:Tibetan snow leopard.svg|20px|border]] [[5th Dalai Lama|Tibet under Ganden Phodrang government]] (1644–1720)
* [[File:Flag of Tibet.svg|20px|border]] [[Tibet (1912–1951)|Tibet]] (1912–1951)
* [[File:Tibetan snow leopard.svg|20px|border]] [[History of Tibet|Tibetan states]] (900–1240, 1300–1620)
* [[Tibetan People's Republic]] (1936)
* [[File:Flag of Ming Cheng.svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Tungning]] (1661–1683)
* [[File:Flag of the Tuvan People%27s Republic (1933-1939).svg|20px|border]] [[Tuvan People's Republic]] (1921–1944)
* [[Uryankhay Republic]] (1911–1914)
* [[File:Flag of Uriankhai (1918-1921).svg|20px|border]] [[Uryankhay Krai]] (1914)
* [[Xi dynasty]] (1643–1647)
* [[File:Imperial Seal of the Mongols 1246.svg|20px]] [[Yuan Dynasty]] (1271–1368) and the [[Northern Yuan]] (1368–1635)

===== Japanese Archipelago =====
* [[File:Flag of Allied Occupied Japan.svg|20px]] [[Occupation of Japan|Allied Occupied Japan]] (1945–1952)
* [[File:Ashikaga mon.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Ashikaga shogunate]] (1336–1573)
* [[File:Oda ka (No background and Black color drawing).svg|20px]] [[Azuchi–Momoyama period|Azuchi–Momoyama]] (1568–1600)
* [[File:Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg|20x20px|border]] [[Empire of Japan]] (1868–1947)
* [[File:Seal of Ezo.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Ezo]] (1869)
* [[File:Mitsubaaoi.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (1603–1868)

===== Korean Peninsula =====
* [[File:Flag of the king of Joseon.svg|20x20px]] [[Joseon]] (1392–1897)
* [[File:Flag of Korea (1899).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Korean Empire]] (1897–1910)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Committee_of_Korea.svg|border|20x20px]] [[People's Republic of Korea]] (1945–1946)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea.svg}} [[Provisional People's Committee of North Korea]] (1946–1947)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea.svg}} [[People's Committee of North Korea]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea]] (1945)
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} [[First Republic of Korea]] (1948–1960)
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} [[Second Republic of Korea]] (1960–1961)
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council_for_National_Reconstruction.svg}} [[Supreme Council for National Reconstruction]] (1961–1963)
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} [[Third Republic of Korea]] (1963–1972)
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} [[Fourth Republic of Korea]] (1972–1981)
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1984–1997).svg}} [[Fifth Republic of Korea]] (1981–1988)

====West Asia====
===== Afghanistan =====
* [[File:Black flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Hotak dynasty]] (1709–1738)
* [[File:Flag of Herat until 1842.svg|20x20px]] [[Durrani Empire]] (1747–1826)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan]] (1996)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Emirate of Kunar]] (1991)
* {{flag|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}} (2004-2021, still exists as a unrecognized state)

===== Balochistan =====
* [[Ma'danid dynasty]] (9th century–11th century)
* {{Flagicon image|FlagofKalat.svg}} [[Khanate of Kalat]] (1666–1736, 1747–1749, 1758–1955)
*
* [[File:Flag of Herat until 1842.svg|20x20px]] [[Durrani Empire]] (1749–1758)

=====Anatolia=====
* [[File:Candar.svg|20px|border]] [[Candar dynasty|Beylik of Candar]] (1292–1461)
* [[File:Flag of the Afshar Tribe.svg|20px]] [[Alaiye]] (1293–1471)
* [[Beylik of Bafra]] (14th century–1460)
* [[File:Komnenos-Trebizond-Arms.svg|20px|border]] [[Empire of Trebizond]] (1204–1461)
* [[Alaiye|Beylik of Alaiye]] (1293–1471)
* [[Karamanids|Beylik of Karaman]] (1250–1487)
* [[Beylik of Dulkadir]] (1337–1522)
* [[Ramadanid Emirate]] (1352–1608)
* [[Aq Qoyunlu]] (1378–1501)
* [[Kara Koyunlu]] (1374–1468)
* [[Emirate of Hasankeyf]] (1232–1524)
* [[File:Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Kars Republic]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Ottoman Empire]] ({{circa|1299}}–1923)

=====Cyprus=====
* [[File:Stemma reale di Giano di Cipro.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Cyprus]] (1192–1489)
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkish Federated State of Cyprus]] (1975–1983)

=====Mesopotamia=====
* [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922-1924).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Kurdistan]] (1922–1924)
* [[File:Flag of the Arab Federation.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Arab Federation]] (1958)

=====Persia/Iran=====
* [[Baduspanids]] (665–1598)
* [[Kar-Kiya dynasty]] (1370s–1592)
* [[Mar'ashis|Marashiyan dynasty]] (1359–1596)
* [[Afrasiyab dynasty]] (1349–1504)
* [[Mihrabanids|Mihrabanid dynasty]] (1236–1537)
* [[File:Timurid.svg|20x20px]] [[Timurid Empire|Iran-u-Turan (Timurid)]]  (1370–1507)
* [[File:Safavid Flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Safavid Iran|The Expansive Realm of Iran (Safavid dynasty)]] (1501–1736)
* [[File:Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg|20x20px]] [[Afsharid dynasty|Guarded Domains of Iran (Afsharid dynasty)]] (1736–1796)
* [[File:Zand Dynasty flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Zand dynasty|Guarded Domains of Iran (Zand dynasty)]] (1751–1794) 
* [[File:State flag of Persia (1907–1933).svg|20x20px]] [[Qajar Iran|Sublime State of Persia/Iran]] (1794–1925)
* {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Mughan clashes|Military Dictatorship of Mughan]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Persian Socialist Soviet Republic]] in Gilan (Iran) (1920–1921)
* [[File:State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg|20x20px]] [[Pahlavi Iran|Imperial State of Persia/Iran]] (1925–1979)
* [[File:Azerbaijan people's government flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Azerbaijan People's Government]] (1945–1946)
* [[File:Flag of Mahabad (1946–1947).png|20px|border]] [[Republic of Mahabad]] (1946)

=====Levant=====
* [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Arab Kingdom of Syria]] (1920)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958–1971),_Flag_of_Syria_(1980–2024).svg|border|20x20px]] [[United Arab Republic]] (1958–1971)
* {{Flagicon image|Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg}} [[Free Lebanon State]] (1979–1984)
* [[File:AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg|20x20px]] [[Territory of the Islamic State|Islamic State]] (2014–2017)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958–1971),_Flag_of_Syria_(1980–2024).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Ba'athist Syria|Syrian Arab Republic]] (1971–2024) *  

*[[File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svg|20x20px]] [[All-Palestine Government]] (1948–1967)

=====Arabian Peninsula=====
* [[File:Flag of Kuwait 1940-1961.png|20px]] [[Sheikhdom of Kuwait]] (1613–1961)
* [[File:Flag of Bani Khalid Emirate.svg|20px]] [[Bani Khalid Emirate]] (1669–1796)
* [[File:Flag of the 1st and 2nd Saudi State.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Diriyah]] (1744–1812)
* [[File:Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Nejd]] (1812–1891)
* [[File:Flag of Muscat.svg|20px|border]] [[Muscat and Oman]] (1820–1970)
* [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha%27il.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Jabal Shammar]] (1836–1921)
* [[File:Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Riyadh]] (1902–1913)
* [[File:Flag of the Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909-1927).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Idrisid Emirate of Asir]] (1906–1934)
* [[File:Flag of Upper Asir.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Sheikdom of Upper Asir]] (1916–1920)
* [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Nejd and Hasa]] (1913–1921)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Nejd.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Nejd]] (1921–1925)
* [[File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] (1916–1925)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd]] (1926–1932)
* [[File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen]] (1918–1970)
*[[File:Flag of South Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[South Yemen|People's Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (1967–1990)
*[[File:Flag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Yemen Arab Republic]] (1962–1990)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg|20x20px]] [[Fadhli Sultanate]] (15th century–1888)
* [[File:Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg|20x20px]] [[Qu'aiti|Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut]] (1858–1888)
* [[File:Flag of the State of Upper Yafa.svg|20x20px]] [[Sultanate of Upper Yafa]] (1800–1903)
* [[File:Flag of Lower Yafa.svg|20x20px]] [[Sultanate of Lower Yafa]] (1800–1895)
* [[File:Flag of Beihan.svg|20x20px]] [[Emirate of Beihan]] (1680–1872)
* [[File:Flag of Dhala.svg|20x20px]] [[Emirate of Dhala]] (15th century–1904)
* [[File:Flag of Wahidi Balhaf.svg|20x20px]] [[Wahidi Balhaf|Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf]] (1640–1888)
* [[File:Flag of Wahidi Haban.svg|20x20px]] [[Wahidi Haban|Wahidi Sultanate of Haban]] (1640–1895)
* [[File:Kathiri flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Kathiri|Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut]] (14th century–1888)
* [[File:Flag of the Mahra Sultanate.svg|20x20px]] [[Mahra Sultanate|Mahra State of Qishn and Socotra]] (1432–1886)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Lahej.svg|20x20px]] [[Sultanate of Lahej]] (1728–1839)
* [[File:Flag of the Federation of South Arabia.svg|20x20px]] [[Federation of South Arabia]] (1962–1967)
* [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Kuwait]] (1990)

====South Asia====
* [[File:Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg|20px|border]] [[Garhwal Kingdom]] (823–1949)
* [[File:Cochin flag.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Cochin]] (Before 12th century CE–1949)
* [[File:Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png|20px]] [[Delhi Sultanate]] (1206–1526)
* [[Sur Empire]] (1540–1556)
* [[Laur Kingdom]] (600–1565)
* [[File:Bengal Sultanate Flag.gif|20px]] [[Bengal Sultanate]] (1352–1576)
* [[Jaunpur Sultanate]] (1394–1479)
* [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (1399–1948)
* [[Bijapur Sultanate]] (Adil Shahi dynasty, 1490–1686)
* [[Pratapgarh Kingdom]] (1489–1700s)
* [[File:Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg|20px]] [[Bengal Subah]] (1717–1757){{NoteTag|The [[Nawabs of Bengal]] ruled the [[Bengal Subah]] – a province of the [[Mughal Empire]] which pretty much became independent from 1717.}}
* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|20px]] [[Maratha Confederacy]] (1674–1820)
* [[Jaintia Kingdom]] (500–1835)
* [[File:Sikh Empire Flag.png|20px]] [[Sikh Empire]] (1799–1849)
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] [[Mughal Empire]] (1526–1857)
* [[File:1931 Flag of India.svg|20x20px]] [[Azad Hind|Provisional Government of Free India]] (1943–1945)
* [[File:Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svg|20x20px]] [[Hyderabad State]] (1724–1798)
* [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Travancore.svg|alt=|20x20px]] [[Travancore]] (1729–1949)
* [[File:Insignia of Mewar, inside the City Palace, Udaipur.jpg|20px]] [[Udaipur State]] (734–1818)
* [[File:Unofficial flag of Tripura.png|20px]] [[Manikya dynasty]] (1400–1761)
* [[File:Flag of the United Suvadive Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[United Suvadive Republic]] (1959–1963)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultan of The Maldives.svg|20x20px]] [[List of sultans of the Maldives|Sultanate of Maldives]] (1117–1796), (1954–1968)
* [[File:Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]] (1642–1975)

====Southeast Asia====
* [[File:Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg|20px]] [[Post-Angkor Period|Kingdom of Cambodia]] (1431–1863)
* [[File:Flag of Cambodia (1863–1948).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)|Kingdom of Kampuchea]] (1945)
* In [[Laos]]:
** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707-1893).svg|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Luang Phrabang]] (1707–1893)
** [[Kingdom of Vientiane]] (1707–1828)
** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Champasak (1713-1947).svg|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Champasak]] (1713–1904)
** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1945).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)|Kingdom of Luang Phrabang]] (1945)
** [[File:Flag of Laos.svg|20px|border]] [[Lao Issara]] (1945–1946)
* In [[Vietnam]]:
** [[Champa|Champa kingdom]] (192–1832)
** [[Đại Việt]] (968–1407/1428–1804)
** [[File:Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets|Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet]] (1930–1931)
** [[File:Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg|20px|border]] [[Empire of Vietnam]] (1945)
** [[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] (North Vietnam) (1945–1976)
** [[File:Flag of Republic of Cochinchina.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Cochinchina]] (1946–1949)
** [[File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Central Government of Vietnam]] (1948–1949)
** [[File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Vietnam]] (known as South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference of 1954) (1949–1955)
** [[File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Vietnam]] (South Vietnam) (1955–1975)
** [[File:FNL Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam|Republic of South Vietnam]] (1975–1976)
[[File:South_Vietnam_(orthographic_projection).svg|thumb|alt=Map of South Vietnam|Map of South Vietnam]]
[[File:Flag-map_of_South_Vietnam.svg|thumb|alt=Flag Map of South Vietnam|Flag Map of South Vietnam]]


* In [[Myanmar]] (Burma):
** [[Mon kingdoms]] (9th–11th, 13th–16th, 18th centuries)
** [[File:Golden Hintar flag of Burma.svg|20px]] [[Hanthawaddy Kingdom]] (1287–1552)
** [[Ava Kingdom|Ava]] (1364–1555)
** [[Pegu]] (1287–1539, 1747–1757)
** [[Kingdom of Mrauk U]] (1429–1785)
** [[File:Flag of the Alaungpaya Dynasty of Myanmar.svg|20px|border]] [[Taungoo dynasty]] (1486–1752, 2nd Empire)
** [[File:National flag of Third Burmese Empire (Konbaung Dynasty).svg|20px|border]] [[Konbaung dynasty]] (1752–1885, 3rd Empire)
** [[File:Flag of the Shan State.svg|20px|border]] [[History of Shan States|Shan States]] (1287–1557)
** [[History of Rakhine|Arakan]] (1287–1784)
** [[File:Flag of Burma 1943.svg|20x20px]] [[State of Burma]] (1943–1945)
* In [[Thailand]]:
** [[Langkasuka]] (2nd–15th century)
** [[Sultanate of Singora]] (1605–1680)
** [[File:Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg|20px|border]] [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] (1350–1767)
** [[File:Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg|20px|border]] [[Thonburi Kingdom]] (1767–1782)
** [[Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom]] (13th century–1782)
** [[Lan Na]] (1292–1775)
** [[Kingdom of Chiang Mai]] (1782–1894)
** [[File:Flag of Patani Kingdom (until 1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Pattani kingdom]] (1516–1902)
** [[File:Flag of Kedah (18th century - 1821).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara]] (1808–1916)
** [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|20px|border]] [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)|Kingdom of Siam]] (1782–1932)
* In [[Indonesia]]:
** [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|20px|border]] [[Indonesia|Republic of Indonesia]] (1945–1949){{NoteTag|Partially recognized state existed [[Aftermath of World War II|after WWII]]}}
** [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|20px|border]] [[United States of Indonesia]] (1949–1950)
*** [[File:Flag of the State of East Indonesia.svg|20x20px|border]] [[State of East Indonesia]] (1946–1950)
*** [[File:Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg|20x20px|border]] [[State of East Java]] (1948–1950)
*** [[File:Flag of East Sumatra.svg|20x20px|border]] [[State of East Sumatra]] (1947–1950)
*** [[File:Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg|20x20px|border]] [[State of Madura]] (1948–1950)
*** [[File:Flag of Pasundan.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Pasundan|State of Pasundan]] (1948–1950)
*** [[File:Flag of South Sumatra.svg|20x20px|border]] [[State of South Sumatra]] (1948–1950)
*** [[File:Flag of Dayak Besar.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Great Dayak]] (1946–1950)
*** [[File:Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Pontianak Sultanate|West Kalimantan]] (1946–1950)
* In [[Sumatra]]:
** [[File:Flag of the Aceh Sultanate.png|20px|border]] [[Aceh Sultanate|Sultanate of Aceh]] (1496–1903)
** [[File:Flag of Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura]]
** [[Palembang Sultanate]] (1659–1823)
** [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Deli.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Deli]] (1609–1862, fully disestablished 1956)
** [[File:Flag of Sultanate of Langkat.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Langkat]] (1568–1946)
** [[Jambi Sultanate]] (1615-1904)
** [[File:Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Serdang]] (1723–1946)
* In [[Java]]:
** [[File:Flag of the Majapahit Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Majapahit]] (1293–1527)
** [[File:Flag of the Mataram Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Mataram Sultanate|Sultanate of Mataram]] (1588–1681)
** [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Banten.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Banten]] (1527–1813)
** [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Katoenen banier met Arabische kalligrafie TMnr 5663-1.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Cirebon]] (1445–1677)
** [[Sultanate of Demak]] (1475–1548)
** [[Kingdom of Pajang]] (1568–1586)
* In [[Lesser Sunda Islands]]
** [[File:Old Flag of Bali.svg|20px|border]] [[Bali Kingdom]]s (914–1908)
** [[File:Bendera Kesultanan Bima.png|20px|border]] [[Bima Sultanate]] (1620–1951, fully disestablished 1958)
** [[Kingdom of Larantuka]] (1515–1904)
* In [[Sulawesi]]:
** [[Kingdom of Banggai]] (? – 1907)
** [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Gowa.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Gowa]] (14th century–1911, fully disestablished 1945)
** [[File:Bendera Kesultanan Bone.png|20px|border]] [[Bone state|Sultanate of Bone]] (14th century – 1905)
** [[Wajoq|Kingdom of Wajoq]] ({{circa|1400}}–1906, fully disestablished 1957)
* In [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]]:
** [[File:Bendera Ternate - Almulk Buldan Ternate.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Ternate]] (1257–1914)
** [[Sultanate of Tidore]] (1273–1920)
* In [[Borneo]]:
** [[File:Old Flag of Brunei.svg|20px|border]] [[Bruneian Empire]] (1368–1888)
** [[Sambas Sultanate]] (1609–1819, fully disestablished 1956)
** [[File:Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Pontianak Sultanate]] (1771–1779)
** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sarawak]] (1841–1888)
** [[Berau Regency|Berau Sultanate]]{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
** [[File:Flag of Bulungan.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Sultanate of Bulungan]] (1731–{{circa|1880}}, fully disestablished 1964)
**Kingdom of [[Kutai]] Martadipura (399–1635)
**Sultanate of [[Kutai]] Kartanegara (1300–1844)
** [[File:Banjar Sultanate Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Banjar]] (1526–1860)
** [[File:Lanfang Republic Reconstructed Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Lanfang Republic]] (1777–1884)
* In [[Riau Islands]]:
** [[File:Flag of Riau-Lingga Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Riau-Lingga Sultanate]] (1824–1911)
* In [[Malaysia]]:
** [[Malacca Sultanate|Sultanate of Malacca]] (1400–1511)
** [[Johor Sultanate]] (1528–1855)
** [[Pahang Sultanate]] (1470–1623)
** [[File:Flag of Pahang (1853 - 1887).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Pahang Kingdom]] (1770–1881)
** [[File:Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895–1946).svg|20x20px]] [[Malayan Union]] (1946–1948)
** [[File:Flag of Malaya.svg|20x20px]] [[Federation of Malaya]] (1957–1963)
* In the [[Philippines]]
** [[File:Flag of Maguindanao.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]] (1500–1888)
** [[File:Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Sulu]] (1405–1915)
** [[File:Flag of Negros Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Negros]] (1898–1899)
** [[File:Negrense revolution banner.svg|20x20px]] [[Cantonal Republic of Negros|Cantonal Government of Negros]] (1898–1901)
** [[File:Flag of the Sovereign Tagalog Nation.svg|20x20px]] [[Tejeros Convention|Tejeros Revolutionary Government]] (1897)
** [[File:Battle Flag of Tagalog Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Sovereign Tagalog Nation]] (1896–1897)
** [[File:Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg|20x20px]] [[First Philippine Republic]] (1899–1902)
** [[File:Flag of the Katagalugan Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Tagalog Republic]] (1902–1906)
** [[File:Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg|20x20px]] [[Second Philippine Republic]] (1943–1945)

===Europe===
{{see also|Former countries in Europe after 1815}}

====Nordic countries====
In the Nordic countries, unions were personal, not unitary
* [[Icelandic Commonwealth]] (c. 930–1262)
* [[Kingdom of Finland (1742)|Kingdom of Finland]] (1742–1743)
* [[File:Flag of Finland (1918–1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Finland (1918)|Kingdom of Finland]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Union Jack of Sweden and Norway (1844-1905).svg|20px|border]] [[United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway]] (1814–1905)
* [[File:Flag of Norway (1814–1821).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Norway (1814)]]
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark–Norway]] (1524–1814, intermittent)
* {{flagicon|Kalmar Union}} [[Kalmar Union]] (1397–1523, intermittent)
* [[File:Flag of Schleswig.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Schleswig|Schleswig]] (1058–1864)

====Modern France====
* [[File:Pavillon royal de la France.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of France]] (843–1792) (1814/15–1848)
** [[File:Drapeau de la province de Bretagne (1532).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Brittany]] (939–1532)
** [[File:Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Burgundy]] (918–1482)
* [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] French Empire (1804-1814/15) (1852–1870)
** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[First French Empire]] (1804–1814/15)
** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[Second French Empire]] (1852–1870)
* [[File:Vexillum Willelmi Ducis.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Normandy]] (911–1259/1469)
* [[File:Flag of Lorraine.svg|20px]] [[Duchy of Lorraine]] (959–1766)
* [[File:Flag of Béarn.svg|20px]] [[Viscounty of Béarn]] (9th century–1620)
** [[File:Gdansk flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)|Free City of Danzig]] (1807–1814)
** [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Warsaw]] (1807–1815)
** [[File:Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg|20px|border]] [[Territory of the Saar Basin]] (1920–1935)
* [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[Third French Republic]] (1870–1940)
* [[File:Flag of Philippe Pétain, Chief of State of Vichy France.svg|20px|border]] [[Vichy France]] (1940–1944)
** [[File:Flag of Saar (1947–1956).svg|20px|border]] [[Saar Protectorate]] (1946–1956)
* [[File:Flag of Corsica.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Corsica (1736)|Kingdom of Corsica]] (1736)
* [[File:Flag of Corsica.svg|20px|border]] [[Corsican Republic]] (1755–1769)
* [[File:Flag of Corsica.svg|20px|border]] [[Anglo-Corsican Kingdom]] (1794–1796)
* [[File:Flag of the County of Foix.svg|20px|border]] [[County of Foix]] (1010–1607)
* [[File:Flag of the Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848-1849).svg|20px|border]] [[Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune]] (1848–1849)
* [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[Fourth French Republic]] (1946–1958)

====Modern Germany====
* [[File:Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg|20px|border]] [[Holy Roman Empire]] (843–1806)
* [[File:Commemorative Medal of the Rhine Confederation.svg|20px|border]] [[Confederation of the Rhine]] (1806–1813)
* [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Anhalt]] (1806–1918)
* [[File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg|20px]] [[Principality of Reuss-Gera]] (1806–1918)
* [[File:Banner of the Electorate of Mainz.svg|20px]] [[Grand Duchy of Frankfurt]] (1810–1813)
* [[File:War ensign of the German Empire Navy 1848-1852.svg|20px|border]] [[German Confederation]] (1815–1866)
* [[File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg|20px|border]] [[German Empire (1848-49)|German Empire]] (1848–1849)
* [[File:Flag of the German Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[North German Federation]] (1867–1871)
* [[File:Flag of the German Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[German Empire]] (1871–1918)
* [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|20px]] [[Weimar Republic]] (1918–1933)
* [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|20px]] [[Nazi Germany]] (1933–1945)
** {{flag|West Berlin}} (1948–1990), [[Western Bloc]]-aligned political enclave.
** [[File:Flag of East Germany.svg|20px|border]] [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] (1949–1990) <small>(also known as '''East Germany''' or '''GDR'''), its states acceded to [[Federal Republic of Germany]] in 1990.</small>
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.svg|20px|border]] [[Alsace Soviet Republic]] (1918)
* [[File:Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1891–1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]] (Grand Duchy&nbsp;– 1806–1871)
* [[File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg|20px|border]] [[Free State of Bavaria|Kingdom of Bavaria]] (1806–1871)
** [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]] (1919)
* [[File:Flag of Bremen.svg|20px|border]] [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] (1815–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig (1814-1830).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Brunswick|Brunswick]] (1815–1871)
* [[File:Flag of the Free City of Frankfurt.svg|20px|border]] [[Free City of Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] (Free Imperial City of Frankfurt (HRE), before 1806; City of Frankfurt, 1815–1866)
* [[File:Flag of Hamburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Hamburg]] (1189–1871)
* [[File:Flag of Hanover 1837-1866.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hanover]] (1814–1866)
* [[File:Hessen HG flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Hesse-Homburg]] (1815–1866)
* [[File:Flag of Hesse.svg|20px|border]] [[Electorate of Hesse|Hesse-Kassel]] (or Hesse-Cassel) (Electorate, 1803–1807, 1813–1866)
* [[File:Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png|20px|border]] [[Hohenzollern-Hechingen]] (1623–1850)
* [[File:Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png|20px|border]] [[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1623–1850)
* [[File:Holstein Arms.svg|20px|border]] [[Holstein]] (1815–1864)
* [[File:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Lippe|Lippe]] (1123–1871)
* [[File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg|20px|border]] [[Free City of Lübeck|Lübeck]] (Free city 1226–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1815–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (1815–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Nassau (1806-1866).svg|20px|border]] [[Nassau (state)|Nassau]] (1806–1866)
* [[File:Flag of Oldenburg (Scandinavian Cross).svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]] (1815–1871)
* [[File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Pomerania|Pomerania]] (1121–1637)
* [[File:Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Prussia]] (1525–1871)
** [[File:Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Prussia]] (1525–1618)
** [[File:Flag of Brandenburg (1660–1750).svg|20px|border]] [[Brandenburg-Prussia]] (1618–1701)
** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Prussia]] (1701–1871)
* [[File:Arms of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz.svg|20px|border]] [[Reuss (state)|Reuss]] (1010–1806)
* [[File:Flag of Saxe-Altenburg (1893-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Altenburg]] (1602–1871)
* [[File:Banner of Saxony (1%5E1).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] (1735–1826)
* [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1826–1871)
* [[File:Banner of Saxony (1%5E1).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Gotha]] (1640–1680)
* [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]] (1680–1826)
* [[File:Flag of Lauenburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Lauenburg]] (or Duchy of Lauenburg) (1296–1871)
* [[File:Saxe- Meiningen.png|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Meiningen]] (1680–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] (1809–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] (kingdom)&nbsp;– 1806–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg|20px|border]] [[Schaumburg-Lippe]] (1647–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] (1599–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] (1599–1871)
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck]] (1180–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg|20px|border]] [[Württemberg]] (kingdom)&nbsp;– 1806–1871)
{{For|the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly [[Kleinstaaterei]]) and nature that were part of the non-centralised [[Holy Roman Empire]] (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions)|List of states in the Holy Roman Empire}}
* [[File:Flag of the Free State of Bottleneck.svg|20px|border]] [[Free State of Bottleneck]] (1919–1923)
* {{Flag|East Germany}}, (1949-1990)
[[File:Flag_map_of_East_Germany_(1959–1990).svg|thumb|alt=Flag map of East Germany|Flag map of East Germany]]
* {{Flag|West Germany}}, (1949-1990)
[[File:Flag_Map_of_West_Germany_(1949-1990).png|thumb|alt=Flag map of West Germany|Flag map of West Germany]]

====Austria====
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} [[Archduchy of Austria]] (1453–1804, 1867–1918)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tirol and Upper Austria.svg}} [[County of Tyrol]] (1140–1919)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Styria.svg}} [[Duchy of Styria]] (1180–1918)
* [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg]] (1328–1803)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} [[Republic of German-Austria]] (1918–1919)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg}} [[Austrian Empire]] (1804–1867)

==== Switzerland ====
* [[File:Early Swiss cross.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] (1300–1798)
* [[File:Flag of the Helvetic Republic (French).svg|20x20px|border]] [[Helvetic Republic]] (1798–1803)
* [[File:Flag of Canton of Valais (1802–1815).svg|20x20px|border]] [[Rhodanic Republic]] (1802–1810)

====Italy====
{{See also|Historical states of Italy}}
* [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Cremasca.svg|border|20px]] [[Republic of Crema]] (1797)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Alba.svg|border|20px]] [[Republic of Alba]] (1796)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Ancona (c. 1177-1532).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Ancona]] ({{circa|1000}}–1532)
* [[File:State Flag of the Republic of Florence.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Florence]] (1115–1569)
* [[File:Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Naples]] (1282–1816)
* [[File:Flag of Duchy of Urbino.svg|20px]] [[Duchy of Urbino]] (1443–1625)
* [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Anconitana.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Anconine Republic]] (1797–1798)
* [[File:Flag of the Giudicato of Arborea.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Judicate of Arborea]] (9th century–1420)
* [[File:Etrurian Kingdom and War Flag with Great Royal Coat of Arms.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Etruria]] (1801–1807)
* [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|border|20x20px]] [[United Provinces of Central Italy]] (1859–1860)
* [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Cisalpine Republic]] (1797–1802)
* [[File:Flag of the Cispadane Republic.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Cispadane Republic]] (1796–1797)
* [[File:Flag of Cospaia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Cospaia]] (1440–1826)
* [[File:Bandiera Elba.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Principality of Elba]] ([[Emperor#Elba|Elba]]) (1814–1815)
* [[File:Etrurian Kingdom and War Flag with Great Royal Coat of Arms.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Etruria]] (1801–1807)
* [[File:Flag of the Marquisate of Finale (12th century-1602).svg|20x20px|border]] [[Marquisate of Finale]] (967–1602)
* {{Flagicon image|Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg}} [[Italian Regency of Carnaro|Regency of Carnaro]] (1919–1920)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Gozo (independent state)|Gozitan Nation]] (1798–1801)
* [[File:Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Italian Republic (Napoleonic)]] (1802–1805)
* [[File:Flag of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)]] (1805–1814)
* [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]] (1815–1866)
* [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Lucca.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Duchy of Lucca]] (1815–1847)
* [[File:Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg|20x20px|border]] [[Principality of Lucca and Piombino]] (1805–1814)
* [[File:Flag of Lucca (1799-1801).svg|20x20px|border]] [[Republic of Lucca]] (1160–1805)
* [[File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg|border|20x20px]] [[History of Malta under the Order of Saint John|Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] (1530–1798)
* [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Mantua (1575–1707).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Duchy of Mantua]] (1273–1707)
* [[File:Flag of Massa and Carrara.png|border|20x20px]] [[Duchy of Massa and Carrara]] (1473–1829)
* [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Duchy of Milan]] (1395–1797)
* [[File:Flag of Augusto Anfossi.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Five Days of Milan|Provisional Government of Milan]] (1848)
* [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Modena.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Duchy of Modena]] (1452–1796, 1815–1859)
* [[File:Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Naples]] (1285–1816)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Noli]] (1192–1797)
* [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Duchy of Parma]] (1545–1859)
* [[File:Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Papal States]] (752–1870)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Pisa.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Republic of Pisa]] ({{circa|1000}}–1406)
* [[File:Flag of the Roman Republic (19th century).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Roman Republic (19th century)]] (1849)
* [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Sardinia (1848).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]] (1720–1861)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of San Marco.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Republic of San Marco]] (1848–1849)
* [[Republic of Senarica]] (1343–1797)
* [[File:Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Sicily]] (1130–1816)
* [[File:Flag of Sicilian Kingdom 1848.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Sicilian revolution of 1848|Kingdom of Sicily]] (1848)
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Transpadane Republic]] (1796–1797)
* [[File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1840).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]] (1569–1801, 1815–1859)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]] (1815–1860)
* [[File:Flag of Republic of Venice.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Venice]] (697–1797)
* [[File:Flag of Genoa.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Genoa]] (1095–1797)
** [[File:Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)|Italian protectorate of Albania]] (1939–1943)
** [[File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg|20x20px]] [[Italian governorate of Montenegro]] (1941–1943)
* [[File:Flag of Tavolara.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Tavolara]] (1836–1934)
* [[File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Italy]] (1861–1946)
* [[File:Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg|20px]] [[Free Territory of Trieste]] (1947–1954)
* [[File:Rose Island Flag.svg|20x20px|border]] [[Republic of Rose Island]] (1968–1969)

====Modern United Kingdom====
* [[File:Flag of Gwynedd.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]] (450–1216)
* [[File:Flag of Powys.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Powys]] (5th century–1160)
* [[File:Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Scotland]] (843–1707)
* [[File:Flag of England.svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of England]] (927–1707)
* [[File:Royal Banner of England.svg|20px]] [[Angevin Empire]] (1154–1214)
* [[File:Banner of Llywelyn.svg|20px]] [[Principality of Wales]] (1216–1536)
* [[File:Flag of The Commonwealth.svg|23px|border]] [[Commonwealth of England]] (1649–1653) and (1659–1660)
* [[File:Standard of Oliver Cromwell (1653–1659).svg|23px|border]] [[The Protectorate]] (1653–1659)
* [[File:Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] (1707–1800)
* [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|23px|border]] [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] (1801–1922)

====Ireland====
* [[File:Flag of Leinster.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Leinster]] (7th century BC–1603)
* [[File:Fitzpatrick of Ossary.svg|20px|border=]] [[Osraige]] (150–1541)
* [[Airgíalla]] (331–1585)
* [[File:O%27Kelly.png|20px|border=]] [[Uí Maine]] ({{circa|357}}–1611)
* [[Northern Uí Néill|Ailech]] (450–1617)
* [[File:Royal Banner of O%27Donnell (Tyrconnell).png|20px|border]] [[Tyrconnell]] (5th century–1607)
* [[File:O%27Neill Tyrone.png|20px|border=]] [[Tír Eoghain]] (5th century–1607)
* [[File:Maguire.png|20px|border=]] [[Fermanagh]] (10th century–1607)
* [[Magh Luirg]] ({{circa|956}}–1585)
* [[File:Sword of Nuada.png|20px|border=]] [[Thomond]] (1118–1543)
* [[File:Arms of McCarthy.svg|20px|border=]] [[Kingdom of Desmond]] (1118–1596)
* [[File:Banner of the Lordship of Ireland.svg|20px|border]] [[Lordship of Ireland]] (1171–1542)
* [[File:O%27Neill of Clanaboy.png|20px|border=]] [[Clandeboye]] (1283–1605)
* [[Kingdom of Uí Failghe]] (Unknown–1550)
* [[File:Flag of Connacht.svg|20px|border]] [[Kings of Connacht|Kingdom of Connacht]]
* [[File:Saint Patrick's Saltire.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Ireland]] (1541–1801)
* [[File:Green harp flag of Ireland 17th century.svg|20px|border]] [[Confederate Ireland|Irish Catholic Confederation]] (1641–1649)
* [[File:Green harp flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Connacht]] (1798)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Irish soviets]] (1919–1922)
** {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Limerick Soviet]] (1919)
* {{flag|Irish Free State}} (1922–1937)

====Benelux====
* [[File:LuikVlag.svg|20px|border]] [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]] (972–1795) annexed by France in 1795.
* [[File:Banner of the Duchy of Brabant.svg|20px]] [[Duchy of Brabant]] (1183–1794)
* [[File:Flag of Bouillon.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Bouillon]] (1456? – 1794)
* [[File:Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg|20px|border]] [[United Belgian States]] (1789–1790)
* [[File:Statenvlag.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of the Seven United Netherlands]] (1581–1795) (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën) Independence from Spain after [[Eighty Years' War]] in 1581, conquered by [[France]] 1795.
* [[File:Flag of the Batavian Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Batavian Republic]] (1795–1806) (Bataafse Republiek) France's [[vassal state]].
* [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Holland]] (1806–1810) (Koninkrijk Holland/Royaume d'Hollande) Ruled by [[Louis Bonaparte]], [[Annexation|annexed]] by France 1810.
* [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands]] (1813–1815)
* [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] (1815–1839)

====Poland====
* [[File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|25x25px|border=]] [[Duchy of Pomerania]] (1121–1160, 1264–1295, 1478–1531, 1625–1637)
** [[:pl:Władcy Pomorza Zachodniego#Pierwszy podział księstwa (1160-1264)|Demmin Principality]] (1160–1264)
** [[:pl:Władcy Pomorza Zachodniego#Pierwszy podział księstwa (1160-1264)|Szczecin Principality]] (1160–1264, 1295–1523)
* [[File:Terra Bernstein - Pommern-Wolgast COA.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Pomerania-Wolgast|Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast]] (1295–1478)
* [[File:Chorągiew księcia mazowieckiego Siemowita.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Masovia]] (1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, 1495–1526)
* [[File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Pomerania-Stolp|Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp]] (1368–1478)
* [[Pomerania-Neustettin|Duchy of Pomerania-Neustettin]] (1368–1390)
* [[File:POL województwo krakowskie IRP COA.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Kraków]] (1227–1320)
* [[File:Alex K Halych.svg|25x25px|border=]] [[Principality of Halych]] (1110–1339)
* [[File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia-flag.svg|25x25px|border=]] [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]] (1199–1349)
* [[File:POL województwo śląskie COA.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Bytom]] (1281–1498)
* [[File:Banner of the Duchy of Silesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Silesia]] (1138–1335)
* [[File:POL województwo śląskie flag formal.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Opole]] (1172–1202, 1281–1532)
* [[File:POL województwo śląskie II RP COA.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Racibórz]] (1172–1202, 1281–1521)
* [[File:POL województwo opolskie COA alt.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Opole and Racibórz]] (1202–1281, 1521–1532, 1551–1556)
* [[File:POL województwo brzeskokujawskie IRP COA.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Inowrocław]] (1267–1364)
* [[File:Flag of Cieszyn Silesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Teschen]] (1281–1918)
* [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|Duchy of Poland]] (966–1025, 1031–1076, 1079–1138, 1138–1227)
* [[File:Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Poland]] (1025–1031, 1076–1079, 1295–1296, 1300–1320)
* [[File:Banner of the Kingdom of Poland.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Poland|United Kingdom of Poland]] (1320–1386)
* [[File:Flaga Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodow ogolna.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1569–1795)
** [[File:Banner of Sigismund III Vasa.svg|25x25px|border=]] [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]] (1386–1795)
** [[File:Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg|25x25px|border=]] [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (1236–1795)
** [[File:Flag of Prussia (1466-1772) Lob.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Royal Prussia]] (1466–1569)
** [[File:Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Duchy of Prussia]] (1525–1657)
** [[File:Flag of Courland (state).svg|25x25px|border]] [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] (1561–1795)
*** [[Couronian colonization|New Courland]] (1637, 1639, 1642, 1654–1659, 1660–1666, 1680–1683, 1686–1690)
* [[File:Flag of Galicia-Lodomeria 1890-1918.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]] (1772–1918, part of the [[Austrian Empire]], later part of Austria-Hungary)
* [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Warsaw]] (1807–1815; part of [[First French Empire]], personal union with the [[Kingdom of Saxony]])
* [[File:Flag of Krakow.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Free City of Cracow|Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory]] (1815–1846)
* [[File:Royal Standard of the Tsar of Poland (1815–1830).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] (1815–1832; personal union with the [[Russian Empire]])
* [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Vistula Land]] (1867–1915; part of the Russian Empire)
* [[File:Flagge Preußen - Provinz Posen (1815).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Grand Duchy of Posen]] (1815–1848; part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]])
* [[File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Cracow.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Grand Duchy of Kraków]] (1846–1918; part of [[Austria-Hungary]])
* [[File:Flag of Poland (November Uprising).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish National Government (November Uprising)|Polish National Government]] (1830–1831)
* [[File:Coat of arms of the Kraków Uprising.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kraków uprising|Polish National Government]] (1846)
* [[File:Flag of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (January Uprising).svg|25x25px|border]] [[Polish National Government (January Uprising)|Polish National Government]] (1863–1864)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)|Kingdom of Poland]] (1917–1918)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Republic of Zakopane]] (1918)
* [[File:POL Tarnobrzeg flag.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Republic of Tarnobrzeg]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Komancza Republic]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Прапор Лемко-Русинської Республіки.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Lemko Republic|Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Second Polish Republic]] (1918–1939)
** [[File:Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg|25x25px]] [[Republic of Central Lithuania]] (1920–1922)
** [[File:Flag of the Free City of Danzig.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Free City of Danzig]] (1920–1939)
* [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee]] (1920)
* [[File:War Ensign of Germany (1938–1945).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Military Administration in Poland]] (1939)
* [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|border|25x25px]] [[General Government|General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region]] (1939–1945)
* [[File:Flaga PPP.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish Underground State]] (1939–1945)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish Committee of National Liberation]] (1944)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland]] (1944–1945)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Provisional Government of National Unity]] (1945–1947)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish People's Republic|Republic of Poland]] (1947–1952)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish People's Republic]] (1952–1989)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (normative).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish National Territorial Region|Polish National-Territorial Region]] (1990–1991)

====Ukraine====
* [[Kholodny Yar Republic]] (1919–1922)
* [[File:Прапор В.З..png|20px|border]] [[Zaporozhian Sich]] (1552–1775)
* [[File:Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg|20px|border=]] [[Cossack Hetmanate]] (1649–1764)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg}} [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] (1917–1920)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg}} [[Ukrainian State]] (1918)
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1929).svg|20px|border]] [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919–1991; sovereign until 1922)
* [[File:Махновское знамя.svg|20px|border]] [[Makhnovshchina]] (1918–1921)
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Hutsul Republic]] (1919)
* [[File:Flag of the Galician SSR.svg|20px|border]] [[Galician Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920)
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Carpatho-Ukraine]] (1939)
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukrainian national government (1941)|Ukrainian National Government]] (1941)
* [[File:Flag_of_Donetsk_People's_Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (2014–2022)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People's_Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Luhansk People's Republic]] (2014–2022)

====Crimea====
* [[File:Coat of arms of Gothia.svg|20px|border=]] [[Principality of Theodoro]] (13th century–1475)
* [[File:Flag of the Crimean Khanate (15th century).svg|20px]] [[Crimean Khanate]] (1449–1783)
* [[File:Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg|20px|border]] [[Crimean People's Republic]] (1917–1918)
* [[File:Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg|20px|border]] [[Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1941/1944–1945/1991–1992)
* [[File:Flag_of_Crimea.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Crimea (country)|Republic of Crimea]] (2014)

====Baltic countries and Belarus====
* [[File:Iziaslav of Polock Seal avers.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Polotsk]] (10th century–1397)
* [[File:Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (1236–1795)
* {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)|Kingdom of Lithuania]] (1918)
* [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Lithuania|Republic of Lithuania]] (1918–1940)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Perloja.svg|20px|border]] [[Perloja|Republic of Perloja]] (1918–1923)
* [[File:Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Central Lithuania]] (1920–1922)
* [[File:Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg|20px|border]] [[Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919)
* [[File:Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg|20px|border]] [[Belarusian People's Republic]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919-1927).svg|20px|border]] [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919–1922)
* [[File:Flag of the State of the Teutonic Order.svg|20px|border]] [[State of the Teutonic Order]] (1230–1525)
* [[File:Flag of et-Parnu.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Livonia]] (1570–1578)
* [[File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svg|20px|border]] [[United Baltic Duchy]] (1918)
* [[File:Flag of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Flag of Latvia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Latvia|First Latvian Republic]] (1918–1940)
* [[File:Flag of Courland (state).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)|Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] (1918)
* [[File:Petropavlovsk-Krondstadt flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Soviet Republic of Naissaar]] on an Estonian Baltic Sea island (1917–1918)
* [[File:Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg|20px|border]] [[Commune of the Working People of Estonia]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Estonia|First Estonian Republic]] (1918–1940)

====Romania and Moldova====
* [[File:Dacian Draco.svg|20px|border]] [[Dacia|Dacian Kingdom]] (168 BC–106 AD)
* [[Țara Litua]] (1247–1330)
* [[Voievodeship of Gelu]] (9th–11th century)
* [[Voivodeship of Maramureș]] (9th century–1402)
* [[Jupanat of Dimitrie]] (c. 943)
* [[Voivodeship of Glad]] (10th century)
* [[Voivodeship of Menumorut]] (9th–11th century)
* [[Jupanat of Gheorghe]] (10th century)
* [[Jupanat of Tatos]] (c. 1190)
* [[Jupanat of Sacea]] (11th century)
* [[Jupanat of Setslav]] (c. 1085)
* [[File:Flag_of_Transylvania_(1350).svg|20px|border]] [[Voivodship of Transylvania]] (12th century–1541)
* [[Banat of Severin]] (1228–1526)
* [[Voivodship of Seneslav]] (13th century)
* [[Cnezatul lui Ioan]] (13th century)
* [[Cnezatul lui Farcaș]] (13th century)
* [[File:Flag of Wallachia.svg|20px|border]] [[Wallachia|Principality of Wallachia]] (1330–1859)
* [[File:Flag of Moldavia.svg|20px|border]] [[Moldavia|Principality of Moldavia]] (1346–1859)
* [[File:Transsylvanian_Banner.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] (1570–1711)
* [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|20px|border]] [[Wallachian Eyalet]] (1595)
* [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|20px|border]] [[Temeşvar Eyalet]] (1552–1716)
* [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|20px|border]] [[Varat Eyalet]] (1660–1692)
* [[File:Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Grand Principality of Transylvania]] (1711–1867)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg|20px|border]] [[Banat of Temeswar]] (1718–1778)
* [[File:Flag_of_Bukowina.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Bukovina]] (1849–1918)
* [[File:Flag of the United Principalities of Romania (1862–1866).svg|20px|border]] [[United Principalities|United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia]] (1859–1881)
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania]] (1881–1947)
* [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Banat Republic]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:National flag of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Moldavian Democratic Republic]] (1917–1918)
* [[File:Flag of Romania (1965–1989).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Socialist Republic of Romania]] (1947–1989)

====Russia====
* [[File:Nowogród.svg|20px|border]] [[Novgorod Republic]] (1136–1478)
* [[File:Символ господарства Псковского.png|20px|border]] [[Pskov Republic]] (1348–1510)
* [[File:Symbol of Principality of Tver.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Tver]] (1246–1483)
* {{noflag}}[[Principality of Beloozero]] (13th–15th century)
* {{noflag}}[[Principality of Yaroslavl]] (1218–1463)
* [[File:Symbol Duchy of Ryazan.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Ryazan]] (1097–1521)
* [[File:Эмблема пермской земли (Саадачный покровец, около 1626 год).gif|20px|border]] [[Great Perm|Principality of Great Perm]] (1323–1505)
** [[Vyatka Land]]
* [[File:Golden Horde flag 1339.svg|20px|border]] [[Golden Horde]] (1320–1547)
* {{noflag}}[[Astrakhan Khanate]] (1466–1556)
* {{Flagicon image|Zilant flag.gif}} [[Khanate of Kazan]] (1438–1552)
* [[Qasim Khanate]] (1452–1681)
* [[Khanate of Sibir]] (1468–1598)
* [[File:Flag of the Kalmyk Khanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Kalmyk Khanate]] (1630–1771)
* [[File:Karelian National Flag.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Uhtua]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Kuban People's Republic]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Flag of Don Cossacks.svg|20px|border]] [[Don Republic]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Flag of Idel-Ural State.svg|20x20px]] [[Idel-Ural State]] (1 March 1918 – 28 March 1918)
* [[File:Flag of the Far Eastern Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Far Eastern Republic]] (1920–1922)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Green Ukraine.svg}} [[Green Ukraine]] (1920–1922)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Tungus Republic.svg}} [[Tungus Republic]] (1924–1925)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Mongolia (1911-1921).svg}} [[State of Buryat-Mongolia]] (1917–1920)
* [[File:Seal of Ivan 4 1539 a.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] (1283–1547)
*{{Flagicon|Ingria}}[[North Ingria]](1919–1920)[[File:POL COA Gryf.svg|left|frameless|27x27px]][[Jaxa (state)|Jaxa]] (1665–1674)
* [[File:Flag of Oryol ship (variant).svg|20px|border]] [[Tsardom of Russia]] (1547–1721)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Empire]] (1721–1917)
** [[File:Royal Standard of the Tsar of Poland (1815–1830).svg|20px|border]] [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] (1815–1867)
** [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] (1809–1917)
* [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Petrograd Soviet|Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies]] (1917–1924)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Republic]] (1917)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Democratic Federative Republic|Russian Republic]] (1918)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian State (1918–1920)|Russian State]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic]] (1918)
* [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1937).svg|20px|border]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (1917–1922)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Supreme Administration of the Northern Region]] (1918)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Provisional Government of the Northern Region]] (1918–1920)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armed Forces of South Russia]] (1918–1919)
* [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|20px|border]] [[Soviet Union|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (1922–1991)
[[File:Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_(orthographic_projection)-Flag_version.svg|thumb|alt=Union of Soviet Socialist Republic map With Flag|Union of Soviet Socialist Republic map With Flag]]
** [[File:Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg|20x20px]] [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1956–1991).svg|20x20px]] [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg|20x20px]] [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg|20x20px]] [[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1990).svg|20x20px]] [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991)
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg|size=20x20px}} [[Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1956)
** [[File:Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg|20x20px]] [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1990)
** [[File:Flag of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1988).svg|20x20px]] [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1990)
** [[File:Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg|20x20px]] [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1991)
*** [[File:Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg|20x20px]] [[Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1990–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954–1991).svg|20x20px]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg}} [[Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1918–1924)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Volga German ASSR.svg}} [[Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1918–1941)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Bashkir ASSR.svg}} [[Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tatar ASSR.svg}} [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920–1990)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of The Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920-36).svg}} [[Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic]] (1920–1936)
*** {{flagicon image|}} [[Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1924)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Dagestan ASSR.svg}} [[Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg}} [[Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1945)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Yakut ASSR.svg}} [[Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Buryat ASSR.svg}} [[Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1923–1990)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Karelian ASSR.svg}} [[Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1923–1940; 1956–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kirghiz ASSR (1926–1936).svg}} [[Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–36)|Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic]] (1926–1936)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Mordovian ASSR.svg}} [[Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1934–1990)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Udmurt ASSR.svg}} [[Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1934–1990)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Kalmyk ASSR.svg}} [[Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1935–1943; 1957–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.svg}} [[Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kabardino-Balkar ASSR.svg}} [[Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Komi ASSR.svg}} [[Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Mari ASSR.svg}} [[Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the North Ossetian ASSR.svg}} [[North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1992)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kabardin ASSR (1954-1957).svg}} [[Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1944–1957)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg}} [[Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1961–1992)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg}} [[Khakas Autonomous Oblast]] (1990–1991)
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg}} [[Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1990–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1929–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1973–1991).svg|20x20px]] [[Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1924–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991)
** [[File:Flag of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1991).svg|20x20px]] [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1924–1991)

====Hungary====
* [[File:Flag of Hungary (895-1000).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Hungary]] (895–1000)
* [[File:Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (1000–1804)
** [[File:Coa Hungary Country History John I of Hungary (Szapolyai) (1526-1540).svg|x20px]] [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]] (1526–1551, 1556–1570)
** [[File:Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] (1570–1711)
** [[File:Flag of Hungary (15th century, rectangular).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Upper Hungary]] (1682–1685)
** [[File:Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Principality of Transylvania]] (1711–1804)
** [[File:Flag of Croatia (Early 16th century–1526) (Border).svg|20px|border]] [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]] (1102–1526)
* [[File:Flag of Louis II of Hungary.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Kingdom of Hungary]] (1301–1526)
* [[File:Flag of Hungary with great coat of arms (1849).svg|20px|border]] [[Hungarian State (1849)|Hungarian State]] (1849)
* [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px]] [[Hungarian People's Republic]] (1949–1989)

====Czechia and Slovakia====
* [[File:Banner of Přemyslid family.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Bohemia]] ({{circa|870}}–1198)
* [[File:Flag of Bohemia.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Bohemia]] (1198–1918)
* [[File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg|20px|border]] [[Margraviate of Moravia]] (1182–1918)
* [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Slovak Soviet Republic]] (1919)
* [[File:Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg|20px|border]] [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovak Republic]] (1939–1945)
* {{flagicon|TCH}} [[First Czechoslovak Republic]] (1918–1938)
* {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Second Czechoslovak Republic]] (1938–1939)
* {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Third Czechoslovak Republic]] (1945–1948)
* {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]] (1948–1989; before 1960 as Czechoslovak Republic)
* {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Czech and Slovak Federative Republic]] (1990–1992)

====Austria====
* [[File:Flag of Austria (1-1).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Austria]] (1156–1453)
* [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|20px|border]] [[Archduchy of Austria]] (1453–1804)
* [[File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg|20px|border]] [[Austrian Empire]] (1804–1867)
* [[File:Austro-hungarian coat of arms 1914.svg|20px|border]] [[Austria-Hungary]] (1867–1918)

====Balkans====
* In Albania:
** [[File:Flag of Albanian Provisional Government (1912-1914).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Independent Albania]] (1912–1914)
** [[File:Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]] (1914)
** [[File:Essad Pasha's flag.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Central Albania]] (1913–1914)
** [[File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Principality of Albania]] (1914–1925)
** [[File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Italian protectorate over Albania]] (1917–1920)
** [[File:Flag of the Republic of Mirdita.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Mirdita]] (1921)
** [[File:Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)|Italian protectorate of Albania]] (1939–1943)
** [[File:Flag of Albania (1934-1939).svg|border|20x20px]] [[German occupation of Albania]] (1943–1944)
** [[File:Flag of Albania (1946–1992).svg|border|20x20px]] [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania]] (1946–1992)
* In Aromania:
** [[File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg|border|20x20px]] [[First Hellenic Republic]] (1828–1832)
** [[File:Areios Pagos Anatolikis Ellados.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece]] (1821–1825)
** [[File:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1970).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Greece]] (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974)
** [[File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Italian Islands of the Aegean]] (1912–1945)
** [[File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Second Hellenic Republic]] (1924–1935)
* In Bosnia:
** [[File:Banovina Bosna zastava (rotated).png|24x24px]] [[Kingdom of Bosnia]] (1377–1463)
** [[File:OostenrijkHongarije-Bosnie.png|border|20x20px]] [[Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (1878–1918)
** [[File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (1992–1995)
** {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg}} [[Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia]] (1993–1995)
** [[File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republika Srpska (1992–1995)|Republika Srpska]] (1992–1995)
** [[File:Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia]] (1991–1996)
* In Bulgaria:
** [[File:Flag of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] (1185–1396)
** [[File:Flag of Vicina.svg|20x20px]] [[Despotate of Dobruja]] (1356–1411)
** {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Principality of Bulgaria]] (1878–1908)
** [[File:Strandzha Commune.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Strandzha Commune]] (1903)
** {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] (1908–1946)
** [[File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg|border|20x20px]] [[People's Republic of Bulgaria]] (1946–1990)
* In Croatia:
** [[File:Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs.svg|border|20x20px]] [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] (1918)
** [[File:Crown_of_Zvonimir_(Croatia).svg|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]] (925–1102)
** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]] (1527–1868)
** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Slavonia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Slavonia]] (1699–1868)
** [[File:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia with CoA.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]] (1868–1918)
** [[File:Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Free State of Fiume]] (1920–1924)
** [[File:Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Independent State of Croatia]] (1941–1945)
** [[File:Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Free Territory of Trieste]] (1947–1954)
** [[File:St. Blaise - National Flag of the Ragusan Republic.png|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Ragusa]] (1358–1808)
** [[File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Serbian Krajina]] (1991–1995)
* In Greece:
** [[File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg|border|20x20px]] [[First Hellenic Republic]] (1828–1832)
** [[File:Areios Pagos Anatolikis Ellados.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece]] (1821–1825)
** [[File:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1970).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Greece]] (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974)
** [[File:Flag of the United States of the Ionian Islands.svg|border|20x20px]] [[United States of the Ionian Islands]] (1815–1864)
** [[File:Flag of the Septinsular Republic.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Septinsular Republic]] (1800–1815)
** [[File:Flag of the Principality of Samos (1834–1912).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Principality of Samos]] (1815–1864)
** [[File:Flag of Cretan State.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Cretan State]] (1898–1913)
** [[File:Flag of the Free State of Ikaria.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Ikaria|Free State of Ikaria]] (1912)
** [[File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Italian Islands of the Aegean]] (1912–1945)
** [[File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Second Hellenic Republic]] (1924–1935)
* In Montenegro:
** [[File:Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro]] (1516–1852)
** [[File:Flag of the Principality of Montenegro.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Principality of Montenegro]] (1852–1910)
** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Montenegro]] (1910–1918)
** [[File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Italian governorate of Montenegro]] (1941–1943)
** [[File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg|border|20x20px]] [[German-occupied territory of Montenegro]] (1943–1944)
* In North Macedonia:
** [[File:Flag of the Kruševo Republic.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kruševo Republic]] (1903)
** [[File:Flag IMARO.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Independent Macedonia (1944)|Independent Macedonia]] (1944) [proposed]
* In Serbia:
** [[File:Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Revolutionary Serbia]] (1804–1813)
** [[File:Flag of Serbia (1835-1882).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Principality of Serbia]] (1815–1882)
** [[File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Serbia]] (1882–1918)
** [[File:Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg|border|20x20px]] [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] (1918)
** [[File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1941).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1929–1943)
** [[File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1943–1992)
** {{Flag|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|1992}} (1992–2003)
** {{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}} (2003–2006)
** [[File:Flag of Kosova (1991–1999).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Kosova]] (1991–1999)
* In Turkey:
** [[File:Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century, square.svg|20x20px]] [[Byzantine Empire]] (395–1453)
*** [[File:Arms of the House of de la Roche.svg|24x24px]] [[Duchy of Athens]] (1205–1458)
*** [[Despotate of Epirus]] (1356–1479)
*** [[Empire of Nicaea]] (1204–1261)
** [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Ottoman Empire]] ({{circa|1299}}–1922)
** [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Government of the Grand National Assembly]] (1920–1923)

====Caucasus====
* [[File:Flag of Mihranids.svg|20px]] [[Caucasian Albania]] (2nd century BC–8th century AD)
*  [[Kabardia]] ({{circa|1453}}–{{circa|1825}})
* [[File:Circassian flag.svg|20x20px]] [[Circassia]] (13th century–1864)
* [[Kingdom of Abkhazia]] (778–1008)
* [[Elisu Sultanate]] (1604–1844)
* [[File:Flag of Avars.svg|20px]] [[Avar Khanate]] (13th century–1864)
* {{Flagicon image|Thirdimamateflag.svg}} [[Caucasian Imamate]] (1828–1859)
* [[File:Flag of the Mountain Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus]] (1917–1921)
* [[File:Flag of North Caucasian Emirate.svg|20x20px]] [[North Caucasian Emirate]] (1919–1920)
* [[File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg|border|23px]] [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]] (1991–2000)
* [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Georgia.svg|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Georgia]] (1008–1490)
* [[File:Banner of the Kingdom of Imereti.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Imereti]] (1260–1810)
* [[File:Banner of the Principality of Svaneti.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Svaneti]] (1463–1858)
* [[File:Flag of The Principality of Mingrelia (Portolan 1560).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Mingrelia]] (1557–1867)
* [[File:Banner of Guria.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Guria]] (1460–1829)
* [[Samtskhe-Saatabago]] (1266–1625)
* [[Kingdom of Kartli]] (1478–1762)
* [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Kakheti.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Kakheti]] (1465–1762)
* [[File:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.svg|25px]] [[Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti]] (1762–1801)
* [[File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921, 4-5).svg|23px|border]] [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]] (1918–1921)
* {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[First Republic of Armenia]] (1918–1920)
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]] (April 1921–July 1921)
* {{flagicon|Artsakh}} [[Republic of Artsakh]] (1991–2024)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Aras.svg}} [[Republic of Aras]] (1918–1919)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.svg}} [[Centrocaspian Dictatorship]] (1918)
* {{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan|Military Dictatorship of Mughan]] (1918–1919)
* {{flagicon image|Baku_Commune.png}} [[Baku Commune]] (1918)
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg|23px|border]] [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] (February 1918–May 1918)

====Iberian Peninsula====
* [[File:Bandeirareinogaliza.svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Galicia]] (410–1833)
* [[File:Rectangular green flag.svg|border|20px]] [[Emirate of Córdoba]] (756–929)
* [[File:Royal_flag_of_Ramiro_I_of_Asturies.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Asturias]] (718–924)
* [[File:Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Navarre]] (824–1620)
* [[File:Royal Banner of León.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of León]] (910–1230)
* [[File:Flag of the Couto Misto.svg|18px|border]] [[Couto Misto]] (10th century–1868)
* [[File:Royal Banner of the Kingdom of Castile (Variant).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Castile]] (1065–1833)
* [[File:Banderacatalana1231.png|20px]] [[Principality of Catalonia]] (12th century – 1714/1833)
* [[File:Royal Banner of Aragón.svg|23px]] [[Crown of Aragon]] (1164–1707/1715)
* [[File:Royal Banner of the Crown of Castile (Early Style)-Variant.svg|23px]] [[Crown of Castile]] (1230–1716)
* [[File:Bandera del Reino de Mallorca.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Majorca]] (1231–1715)
* [[File:Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg|23px]] [[Emirate of Granada]] (1232–1492)
* [[Iberian Union]] (1580–1640)
* [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|23px]] [[Catalan Republic (1640–1641)|First Catalan Republic]] (1640–1641)
* [[File:Bandeira Reino Unido Portugal Brasil Algarve.svg|23px|border]] [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]] (1815–1825)
* [[File:Flag Portugal (1830).svg|23px|border]] [[Monarchy of the North|Kingdom of Portugal (Monarchy of the North)]] (1919)
* [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|23px|border]] [[Ditadura Nacional]] (1926–1933)
* [[File:Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Second Spanish Republic]] (1931–1939)
* [[Republic of Galicia]] (1931)
* [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|23px]] [[Catalan Republic (1931)|Second Catalan Republic]] (1931)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Asturian miners' strike of 1934|Asturian Socialist Republic]] (October 1934)
* {{flagicon image|CNT FAI flag.svg}} [[Revolutionary Catalonia]] (1936–1937)
* [[File:Estelada_blava.svg|20px]] [[Catalan declaration of independence|Catalonia]] (2017, disputed)

===North America===
{{See also|:Category:Former countries in North America}}

==== Anguilla ====
* [[File:Flag of Anguilla (1967-1969).svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Anguilla]] (1967–1969)

==== Bahamas ====
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Flying_Gang.svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Pirates]] (1706–1718)

==== Canada ====
* [[File:Flag of Madawaska.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Madawaska]] (1827)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Canada (variant).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Canada]] (1837–1838)
* [[File:Flag of the Patriote movement (Lower Canada).svg|24x24px]] [[Republic of Lower Canada]] (1838)
* [[File:Mikmaq State Flag (vertical).svg|20px|border]] [[Miꞌkmaꞌki]] (1867)
* [[File:Flag of Manitoba.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Manitoba]] (1867–1870)
* [[File:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Government of Saskatchewan]] (1885)
* [[File:Flag of the Dominion of Newfoundland.svg|20px|border]] [[Dominion of Newfoundland]] (1907–1949)

==== Dominican Republic ====
* [[File:Flag of Spanish Haiti.svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Spanish Haiti]] (1821–1822)
* [[File:Flag of the Dominican First Republic.svg|20x20px]] [[First Republic (Dominican Republic)|First Dominican Republic]] (1844–1861)

==== Guatemala ====
* [[File:Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg|border|20x20px]] [[United Provinces of Central America]]
* [[File:Flag of Los Altos.svg|20x20px]] [[Los Altos (state)|State of Los Altos]] (1838–1840), (1848–1849)

==== Haiti ====
* [[File:Flag of Haiti 1964 (civil).svg|20x20px]] [[First Empire of Haiti]] (1804–1806)
* [[File:Flag of Haiti (1806–1811).svg|20x20px]] [[State of Haiti]] (1806–1811)
* [[File:Flag of Haiti (1814–1820).svg|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Haiti]] (1811–1820)

==== Mexico ====
* [[File:Toltec Emblem.svg|20px]] [[Toltec Empire]] (674 (disputed)–1122 (disputed))
* [[File:Cocollan.jpg|20px]] [[Cocollán]] (1100–1521)
* [[Aztec Empire]] (1428–1521)
* [[Zapotec civilization]] ({{circa|700 BC}}–1521)
* [[Mexican War of Independence|Governing Junta of Mexico]] (1808)
* [[File:Flag of the Three Guarantees.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America|Northern America]] (1813)
* [[File:Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg|border|20x20px]] [[First Mexican Empire]] (1821–1823)
* [[File:Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg|20x20px]] [[Provisional Government of Mexico]] (1823–1824)
* [[File:Bandera de la Primera República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg|20x20px]] [[First Mexican Republic]] (1824–1835)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande (historical).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of the Rio Grande]] (1840)
* [[File:Bandera de la República Central Mexicana.svg|20x20px]] [[Centralist Republic of Mexico]] (1835–1846)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Yucatan.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Yucatán]] (1841–1848)
* [[File:Bandera de la Segunda República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg|20x20px]] [[Second Federal Republic of Mexico]] (1846–1863)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Sonora.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Sonora]] (1853–1854)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Lower California.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Baja California]] (1853–1854)
* [[File:Flag of the Second Mexican Empire.svg|20px]] [[Second Mexican Empire]] (1864–1867)

==== United States ====
* [[File:Flag of the Iroquois Confederacy.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Iroquois Confederacy]] (between 1450 and 1660–1867)
* [[File:Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Vermont Republic]] (1777–1791)
* [[File:Flag of the Choctaw Brigade.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Choctaw Nation]] (1786–1866)
* [[File:Flag of the Cherokee Nation.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Cherokee Nation (19th century)|Cherokee Nation]] (1794–1865)
* [[File:Flag of the Creek Nation.svg|border|20x20px]] [[State of Muskogee]] (1799–1803)
* [[File:West Florida Flag.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of West Florida]] (1810)
* [[File:East Florida Patriot Flag.svg|24x24px]] [[Republic of East Florida]] (1812)
* [[File:Green Cross flag of Florida.svg|24x24px]] [[Republic of the Floridas]] (1817)
* [[Republic of Indian Stream]] (1832–1835)
* [[File:Flag of Texas.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Texas]] (1836–1846)
* [[File:Oregon Provisional Government Seal.png|border|20x20px]] [[Provisional Government of Oregon]] (1841/1843–1849)
* [[File:Alleged Mormon flag 1877.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Deseret]] (1849–1850)
* [[File:1stBearFlag.svg|border|20x20px]] [[California Republic]] (June 14 – July 9, 1846)
* [[File:Flag of The Great Republic of Rough and Ready.svg|20x20px]] [[The Great Republic of Rough and Ready]] (1850)
* [[File:Flag of South Carolina (1861).svg|20px|border]] [[Palmetto Republic]] (1860–1861)
* [[File:Flag of Alabama (1861, obverse).svg|20px|border]] [[Alabama Republic]] (1861)
* [[File:Flag of Louisiana (February 1861).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Louisiana]] (1861)
* [[File:Flag of the State of Georgia (1861, red).svg|20px|border]] [[Georgia in the American Civil War|Republic of Georgia]] (1861)
* [[File:Flag of Mississippi (1861-1865).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Mississippi]] (1861)
* {{Flag|Confederate States of America}} (1861–1865)
* [[File:Flag of Grito de Lares (current, medium blue).svg|25px|border]] [[Republic of Puerto Rico]] (1868, 1898)

===Oceania===
{{see also|List of predecessors of sovereign states in Oceania}}

* [[File:Royal Standard of Tonga.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Tuʻi Tonga Empire]] ({{circa|450}}–1865)
* [[Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)|Kingdom of ʻUvea]] (15th century–1887)
* [[Alo (Wallis and Futuna)|Kingdom of Alo]]
* [[Sigave|Kingdom of Sigave]]
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Mangareva 1832-1843.svg|20px|border]] [[Mangareva]] (1881)
* [[File:Flag of Bora Bora.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Bora Bora]] (till 1888 or 1895)
* [[File:Flag of Raiatea.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Raiatea]] (till 1888, French protectorate since 1880)
* [[File:Flag of Huahine.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Huahine]] (till 1895, French protectorate since 1888)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Tahiti.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Tahiti]] (1788/91–1880, French protectorate since 1842)
* [[File:Flag of Rurutu.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rurutu]] (till 1900, French protectorate since 1888)
* [[File:Flag of Rimatara.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rimatara]] (till 1901, French protectorate since 1888)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Tahuata (1837-1842).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Tahuata]] (till 1880, French protectorate since 1842)
* [[File:Flag of Rapa.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rapa Iti]] (till 1881, kingship continued to 1887)
* [[Kingdom of Mangareva]] (till 1881, French protectorate since 1844/1871)
* Taiohae Kingdom of [[Nuku Hiva]] (till 1901, sovereignty ceded to France in 1842)
* [[File:Flag of the Tuamotu Islands.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Tuamotu]]
* [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom of Fiji 1871-1874.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Fiji during the time of Cakobau|Kingdom of Fiji]] (1871–1874)
* [[File:Flag of Fiji.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Dominion of Fiji]] (1970–1987)
* [[File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] (1795–1893)
* [[File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Provisional Government of Hawaii]] (1893–1894)
* [[File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Hawaii]] (1894–1898)
* [[Niue#History|Kingdom of Niuē-Fekai]] ({{circa|1700}}–1901)
* [[File:Flag of Rarotonga 1888-1893.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rarotonga]] (1858–1893)
* [[Saudeleur dynasty]] ({{circa|1100|1628}})
* [[File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rapa Nui]] ([[Easter Island]]) (till 1888)
* Kingdom of [[Nauru]] (till 1888)
* {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Abemama Flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Abemama]] (1795–1892)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977-1978).svg}} [[Vanua'aku Pati|People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu]] (1977–1978)

===South America===
==== Argentina ====
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Argentina (1818).svg}} [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata]] (1810–1831)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Argentine Confederation.svg}} [[Argentine Confederation]] (1831–1861)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Artigas.svg}} [[Republic of Entre Ríos]] (1820–1821)
* {{flagicon image|Republica de tucuman.png}} [[Republic of Tucumán]] (1820–1821)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Buenos Aires.svg}} [[State of Buenos Aires]] (1852–1861)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.svg}} [[Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia]] (1860–1862)

==== Bolivia ====
* {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1825}} [[History of Bolivia (1809–1920)#Creating Bolivia: Bolívar, Sucre, and Santa Cruz|State of Upper Peru]] (1825)
* {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1825}} [[History of Bolivia (1809–1920)#Creating Bolivia: Bolívar, Sucre, and Santa Cruz|Republic of Bolívar]] (1825)
* {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1831}} [[Republic of Upper Peru]] (1828)
* {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1831}} [[Bolivian Republic (Peru-Bolivian Confederation)|Bolivian Republic]] (1836–1839)
* {{flagdeco|Peru-Bolivian Confederation}} [[Peru-Bolivian Confederation]] (1836–1839)

==== Brazil ====
* {{flag|Republic of Acre}} (1899–1900; 1903)
* {{flag|Empire of Brazil}} (1822–1889)
* {{flagicon image|Bandeira da Confedereção do Equador.svg|border}} [[Confederation of the Equator]] (1824)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Piratini Republic.svg|border}} [[Riograndense Republic]] (1836–1845)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of República Juliana (1839).svg|border}} [[Juliana Republic]] (1839)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Independent Guyana (1887-1904).svg|border}} [[Republic of Counani]] (1886–1891)
* [[File:Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Trinidad]] (1893–1895)

==== Chile ====
* [[File:Flag of Chile (1812-1814).svg|20px|border]] [[Patria Vieja|Kingdom of Chile]] (1810–1814)
* [[File:State Ensign of Chile (1819-1834).svg|20x20px]] [[Patria Nueva|New State of Chile]] (1819–1826)
* [[File:Flag of Chile.svg|20x20px]] [[Conservative Republic]] (1830–1861)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia]] (1862)

==== Colombia ====
* [[File:Bandera de la confederacion muisca.png|20x20px]] [[Muisca Confederation]] (1450–1537)
* [[File:Flag of Bolívar (Colombia).svg|20x20px]] [[Cartagena Province|Governing Junta of the Province of Cartagena]] (1810–1811)
* [[File:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg|20x20px]] [[Cartagena Province|Free State of Cartagena]] (1811)
* [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|20x20px]] [[Valle del Cauca Department|Governing Junta of Santiago de Cali]] (1810–1811)
* [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|20x20px]] [[Valle del Cauca Department|Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca]] (1811)
* [[File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|20x20px]] [[Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca]] (1811–1815)
* [[File:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg|20x20px]] [[United Provinces of New Granada]] (1811–1816)
* [[File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Gran Colombia]] (1819–1831)
* [[File:Flag of New Granada.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of New Granada]] (1831–1858)

==== Ecuador ====
* [[File:Flag of Quito Revolution (1809–1812).svg|20x20px]] [[State of Quito]] (1809–1812) ''[[:es:Estado de Quito|Estado de Quito]]''
* [[File:Bandera de Guayaquil.svg|20x20px]] [[Free Province of Guayaquil]] (1820–1822)

==== Paraguay ====
* [[File:Flag of Paraguay (1954-1988).svg|20x20px]] [[El Stronato]] (1954–1989)

==== Peru ====
* [[Chimú culture|Kingdom of Chimor]] ({{circa|900}}–1470)
* [[Inca Empire]] (1438–1533)
* {{flagdeco|Peru|1821}} [[Protectorate of Peru]] (1821–1822)
* [[File:Flag of Huanta.svg|20x20px]] [[Iquicha]] (1821–1839)
* {{flagdeco|Peru|south}} [[Republic of South Peru]] (1836–1839)
* {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} [[Republic of North Peru]] (1836–1839)
* {{flagdeco|Peru-Bolivian Confederation}} [[Peru-Bolivian Confederation]] (1836–1839)
* {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} [[Peruvian Republic (1837)|Peruvian Republic]] (1837)
* {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} [[Peruvian Republic (1838–1839)|Peruvian Republic]] (1838–1839)
* [[Federal State of Loreto]] (1896)
* [[Jungle Nation]] (1899–1900)

==== Uruguay ====
* [[Argentine War of Independence|Governing Junta of Montevideo]] (1808–1809)
* [[File:Flag of Artigas.svg|20x20px]] [[Liga Federal]] (1815–1820)

==== Venezuela ====
* [[File:Flag of Junta Suprema de Caracas.svg|20x20px]] [[Supreme Junta]] (1810–1811)
* [[File:Segunda bandera de la Primera República de Venezuela (version 1).svg|20x20px]] [[First Republic of Venezuela]] (1811–1812)
* [[File:Bandera de la Guerra a Muerte.svg|20x20px]] [[Second Republic of Venezuela]] (1813–1814)
* [[File:Bandera de la Tercera República de Venezuela, 1817-1819.svg|20x20px]] [[Third Republic of Venezuela]] (1817–1819)

==Modern states and territories by type==

===Dismembered countries===
These states are now dissolved into a number of states.
* {{Flag|Nazi Germany|name=Greater German Reich}} – Dissolved in 1945, its former territory now consists of the entirety of the countries of [[Austria]] and [[Germany]], and parts of what is now [[Belarus]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[France]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Denmark]], [[Norway]], [[Greece]], [[Serbia]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Slovenia]].
* {{Flagcountry|Empire of Brazil|name=Empire of Brazil}} – An empire created after Brazil declared its independence in 1822 and dissolved in 1889, now the countries of [[Brazil]] and [[Uruguay]] (who declared their independence in 1825, and was recognized in 1828).
* {{Flagcountry|Federal Republic of Central America}} – Existed from 1821 to 1841, broke up into [[Guatemala]], [[Belize]], [[El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[Free State of Costa Rica|Costa Rica]].
* {{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China (Mainland Period)}} – Polity existed to 7 December 1949 and its territory now controlled by the [[China|People's Republic of China]] ([[Mainland China]]), [[Mongolia]], portion of the territory claimed by [[India]] and [[Japan]], and parts of [[Afghanistan]], [[Bhutan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Russia]] and [[Tajikistan]]. The [[rump state]], still known as the "[[Taiwan|Republic of China]]", continues to control [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] and [[Penghu]] which was acquired from Japan in 1945, as well as [[Kinmen]] and [[Matsu Island]]s, forming part of the rump [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian Province]]. See also the [[political status of Taiwan]] and the [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan]].
* {{Flagcountry|Czechoslovakia}} – Existed from 1918 to 1992, the country wasn't active in [[World War II]], but the government was [[Czechoslovak government-in-exile|in exile]], dissolved in 1992 and broke up into the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]].
* {{Flagcountry|Korean Empire}} – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by [[North Korea]] and [[South Korea]], and a portion of territory claimed by [[Japan]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Mali (1959-1961).svg}} [[Mali Federation]]&nbsp;– In 1959 formed by [[Senegal]] and [[French Sudan]], both parts of [[French West Africa]], as an independent nation. It collapsed in 1960, and is now [[Senegal]] and [[Mali]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves.svg}} [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves|Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]] (''Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves'') created in 1815 when Brazil was upgraded to the rank of kingdom, once the Portuguese royal family was living in [[Rio de Janeiro]] since 1809. This country was dissolved in 1822 when [[Brazil]] became independent. Now the countries of [[Portugal]], Brazil, [[Cape Verde|Cabo Verde]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[Angola]], [[East Timor]] and [[Mozambique]].
* {{Flagcountry|Rhodesia}} – Dissolved in 1979, now the country of [[Zimbabwe]].
* {{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}} – Dissolved in 2006, now the countries of [[Montenegro]], [[Serbia]], and the partially recognized [[Kosovo]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Somalia.svg}} [[Somali Republic]] – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of [[Somalia]] and unrecognized [[Somaliland]].
* {{Flag|Soviet Union}} – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Moldova]], [[Russia]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukraine]], and [[Uzbekistan]]. The Baltic countries occupied by USSR until 1991 ([[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]]) were not considered by most Western countries de jure part of the USSR.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Syria.svg}} [[United Arab Republic]]&nbsp;– A union formed by [[Egypt]] and [[Syria]] in 1958. It was dissolved in 1961, though Egypt used the name until 1971. Other [[Pan-Arab]] unity agreements with [[Iraq]] and [[Jordan]] in the 1950s failed.
* [[United Arab States]] – A confederation formed by the [[United Arab Republic]] and [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|North Yemen]] in 1958; it was dissolved in 1961.
* {{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} – Dissolved in 1991 and 1992, now the countries of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]], and the partially recognized [[Kosovo]].

===Nominally independent homelands of South Africa===
Four of the [[Homeland (South Africa)|homelands]], or [[bantustan]]s, for [[Black (racial term)|black]] South Africans, were granted nominal independence by the [[apartheid]] regime of [[South Africa]]. Not recognised by other nations, these effectively were [[puppet state]]s and were [[political union|re-incorporated]] in 1994.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg}} [[Bophuthatswana]]&nbsp;– Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Ciskei.svg}} [[Ciskei]]&nbsp;– Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Transkei.svg}} [[Transkei]]&nbsp;– Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg}} [[Venda]]&nbsp;– Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.

===Secessionist states===
These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine.svg}} [[Carpatho-Ukraine]]&nbsp;– declared independence from [[Second Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]] in 1939, but was occupied and [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] in one day.
* [[Cartagena Canton]]&nbsp;– the haven city of [[Cartagena, Spain]] seceded from the [[First Spanish Republic]] in 1873.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Catalonia.svg}} [[Catalan Republic (1931)|Catalan Republic]] (April 14–17, 1931).
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg}} [[Chechnya]]&nbsp;– Virtually independent from Russia from 1996 as '''[[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]]''', however the country was recognized only by the [[Taliban]]. After terrorist attacks in 1999 the republic was returned to Russia's control in the [[Second Chechen War]].
* {{Flagcountry|Confederate States of America|1861}}&nbsp;– Occupied the southeastern [[United States]], stretching from [[Texas]] to [[Virginia]]. Declared secession from the U.S. in 1861, reintegrated into the U.S. in 1865. [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]] ended in 1876 and U.S. troops withdrew as an occupation force in 1877. [[South Carolina]] was the first state to declare its secession from the United States, doing so on December 20, 1860. Political factions in the "border states" of [[Kentucky]] and [[Missouri]] declared themselves parts of the Confederacy and controlled small portions of those regions early in the war. The major Indian tribes in Oklahoma signed an alliance with the Confederacy, and participated in its military efforts against the U.S.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg}} [[Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]], declared independence from [[Ukraine]] in 1992 but soon settled for being an autonomous republic within Ukraine.
* [[Cruzob]], achieved independence from Mexico in 1856, but was reannexed in 1901.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Green Ukraine.svg}} [[Green Ukraine]]&nbsp;– Declared independence from [[Far Eastern Republic]] in 1920, dissolved in 1922.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg}} [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia|Herzeg-Bosnia]]&nbsp;– Separated from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1994.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Italian Social Republic]] (1943–1945)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Katanga.svg}} [[Katanga Province|Katanga]]&nbsp;– Declared its independence of the newly formed [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] in 1960, was incorporated again into the country in 1963.
* [[Republic of Manitoba|Manitoba]]&nbsp;– short-lived republic led by Thomas Spence, declared after the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] gave up [[Rupert's Land]] and before the government of Canada took control (1867).
* {{Flagicon image|Metis Blue.svg}} [[Red River Rebellion]]&nbsp;– provisional government in [[Rupert's Land]], led by [[Louis Riel]] in (1869–1870).
* {{Flagicon image|State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg}} [[Republic of Serbian Krajina|Serbian Krajina]]&nbsp;– declared independence from [[Croatia]] in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of South Kasai.svg}} [[South Kasai]]&nbsp;– declared independence from the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] in June 1960, reincorporated into the country in December 1961.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Russia-2.png|size=23px}} [[Supreme Administration of Northern Region]]&nbsp;– Proclaimed independent in 1918, later became the [[Provisional Government of the Northern Region]].
* {{Flagcountry|Republika Srpska (1992–95)}}&nbsp;– Separated from [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg}} [[Principality of Trinidad]]&nbsp;– Declared independence in 1893, claimed by United Kingdom in 1895, but incorporated by Brazil.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg}} [[Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia|Western Bosnia]]&nbsp;– Declared independence from [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995.
* {{flag|Novorossiya}} – Established in 2015 as a result of the merger of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] with the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] and at the beginning of 2015 the confederation project was suspended.
** {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 7, 2014. As a result of a staged [[2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine|referendum]] of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a [[Russian Republics|republic]] into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The incorporation is not recognised.
** {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 27, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|incorporated]] as a [[Russian Republics|republic]] into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The incorporation is not recognised.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Artsakh.svg}} [[Republic of Artsakh]] – Declared independence from [[Azerbaijan]] in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 2024.

===Annexed countries===
These nations, once separate, are now part of another country. Cases of voluntary accession are included.
* {{Flagicon image|Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg}} [[Italian Regency of Carnaro|Regency of Carnaro]] in 1919 and {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg}} [[Free State of Fiume]] 1920–1924, two short-lived states in the port city of [[Rijeka|Fiume/Rijeka]] proclaimed by [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]]. Following World War I, the city was disputed between Italy and [[Yugoslavia]], and eventually captured by Italy in 1921. The city passed to [[Yugoslavia]] after World War II and is now in Croatia.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Couto Misto.svg}} [[Couto Misto]] – Tiny 10th century border territory that was split between Spain and Portugal in 1864–8.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cretan State.svg}} [[Cretan State|Crete]] – Autonomous under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[suzerainty]] in 1898, unilaterally declared union with Greece in 1908, which was recognized in 1913.
* {{Flag|East Germany}} – Joined [[West Germany]] in 1990 and now part of [[Germany]].
* {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of England}} – Merged with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Franceville.svg}} [[Franceville, New Hebrides|Franceville]] (1889–1890) – Independent in 1889, later governed by France and Britain as part of the [[New Hebrides]]; now part of [[Vanuatu]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Hatay.svg}} [[Republic of Hatay|Hatay]] – Part of the Mandate of Syria that became part of Turkey; independent 1938–1939
* {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Hawaii}} – Annexed on July 7, 1898 by the Fifty-Fifth Congress of the United States of America.
* {{Flagicon image|FlagofKalat.svg}} [[Khanate of Kalat]] (1638, 1666–1955) – 1666 to 1955, became part of [[Pakistan]].
* Free States of [[Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap Martin|Roquebrune]] – Seceded from [[Monaco]] in 1848, under nominal protection of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]], then annexed by France in 1861.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Moresnet.svg}} [[Moresnet]] – 1816–1920, Tiny European territory that endured for a hundred years before definitively becoming part of Belgium.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Natalia Republic.svg}} [[Natalia Republic]] – 1839–1843, Was quickly made into a British colony
* {{flagcountry|size=23px|Dominion of Newfoundland}}– 1907–1949, joined Canada as the tenth province
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg}} [[Islands of Refreshment]] – The islands of [[Tristan da Cunha]] were settled in 1810 and declared independence in 1811. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1815.
* {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Scotland|1542}} – Merged with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom.
* {{Flag|South Vietnam}} – Occupied by [[North Vietnam]] in 1975 and annexed into it in 1976.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tatarstan.svg}} [[Republic of Tatarstan]] – Existed from 1992 until annexed by [[Russia]] in 1994.
* {{Flagcountry|Transvaal}} – Now part of South Africa.
* {{Flagcountry|Republic of Texas}} – Annexed by the U.S. in 1845.
* [[File:Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Vermont Republic]] – Annexed by the US in 1791.

==See also==

* {{annotated link|List of former national capitals}}
* [[List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies]]
* {{annotated link|List of largest empires}}
* {{annotated link|List of micronations}}
* {{annotated link|Lists of political entities by century}}
* {{annotated link|List of sovereign states}}
** {{annotated link|List of Bronze Age states}} ({{circa|3300|1200 BC}})
** {{annotated link|List of Iron Age states}} ({{circa|1200|600 BC}})
** {{annotated link|List of Classical Age states}} ({{circa|600 BC|AD 200}})
** {{annotated link|List of states during Late Antiquity}} ({{circa|200|700}})
** {{annotated link|List of states during the Middle Ages}} ({{circa|700|1500}})
** [[List of pre-modern states]]
*[[List of colonies]]
* {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500)}}
* {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (1500–1899)}}
* {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (1900–1999)}}
* {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000–present)}}
* {{annotated link|Former countries in Europe after 1815}}
* {{annotated link|List of historic states of Germany}}
* {{annotated link|List of historic states of Italy}}
* {{annotated link|List of tribes and states in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine}}
* {{annotated link|Political history of the world}}
* {{annotated link|Princely state}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{notelist|30em}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Berge, Bjørn (2017). ''Nowherelands: An Atlas of Vanished Countries 1840–1975''. New York: Thames & Hudson. {{ISBN|9780500519905}}. 240pp.
* Harding, Les. ''Dead Countries of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Aden to Zululand''. Scarecrow Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-8108-3445-6}}.

{{Lists of sovereign states by year}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Former Sovereign States, List Of}}
[[Category:History by former country|*]]
[[Category:Lists of former countries|Sovereign States]]
[[Category:Lists of non-sovereign nations]]
[[Category:Former countries by period]]