Editing List of Polish monarchs

{{Short description|None}}
{{About|the historical monarchs of Poland, from the Middle Ages to 1795|heads of state of republican Poland since 1919|List of heads of state of Poland}}
{{Infobox former monarchy
|royal_title       = Monarchy
|realm             = Poland
|coatofarms        = Coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg
|coatofarmssize    = 130px
|coatofarmscaption = '''[[Coat of arms of Poland|Royal coat of arms]]'''
|image             = [[File:Stanislaw poniatowski bacciarelli.jpg|180px]]
|caption           = '''[[Stanisław August Poniatowski|Stanislaus II Augustus]]'''
|first_monarch     = *[[Mieszko I]] (as Duke)
*[[Bolesław I the Brave]] (as King)
|last_monarch      = [[Stanisław August Poniatowski|Stanislaus II Augustus]]
|style             = {{plainlist|
* [[Royal Majesty|Royal Majesty (HRM)]]<ref>It was not allowed to use abbreviations and acronyms</ref><br />''Wasza Królewska Mość''
* [[Serene Highness|Serene Reigning Majesty]]<br />''Jaśnie Panujący Mości''<ref>In the 17th century and later Poland was usually known as the Most Serene Republic of Poland (Polish: Najjaśniejsza Rzeczpospolita Polska, Latin: Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae).</ref>
* [[Grace (style)|Grace]] (HG)<br />''Wasza Miłość''
* [[Highness]] (HH)<br />''Wasza Wysokość''}}
|residence         = {{plainlist|
* [[Wawel Castle]]
* [[Warsaw Castle]]
* [[Wilanów Palace]]}}
|appointer         = {{plainlist|
* [[Inheritance|Hereditary]]
* [[Royal elections in Poland|Elective]]<ref>Since 1574</ref>}}
|began             = {{circa|960}} ([[Duchy of Poland]])
|ended             = 25 November 1795
|pretender         = {{plainlist|
* '''none'''
* [[Daniel, Margrave of Meissen]] (disputed)
* [[Alexander, Margrave of Meissen]] (disputed)}}
}}

[[Poland]] was ruled at various times either by [[duke]]s and [[prince]]s (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of [[Royal elections in Poland|free election]] of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries).

The first Polish ruler whose existence is not debatable was [[Mieszko I|Duke Mieszko I]], who [[Christianization of Poland|adopted]] [[Christianity]] under the authority of Rome in the year 966. He was succeeded by his son, [[Bolesław I the Brave]], who greatly expanded the boundaries of the Polish state and ruled as the first king in 1025. The following centuries gave rise to the mighty [[Piast dynasty]], consisting of both kings such as [[Mieszko II Lambert]], [[Przemysł II]] or [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]] and dukes like [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]]. The dynasty's rule over Poland ceased with the death of [[Casimir III the Great]] in 1370. In the same year, the [[Capetian House of Anjou]] became the ruling house with [[Louis I the Great|Louis I]] as king of both Poland and [[Hungary]]. His daughter, [[Jadwiga of Poland|Jadwiga]], later married Jogaila, the pagan [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]], who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as [[Władysław II Jagiełło]], thus creating the [[Jagiellonian dynasty]] and a personal union between Poland and [[Lithuania]].

During the reign of [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] and [[Sigismund I the Old]], culture flourished and cities developed. This era of progress, also known as the [[Renaissance in Poland|Polish Renaissance]], continued until the [[Union of Lublin]] under [[Sigismund II Augustus]], which unofficially marked the end of the [[Polish Golden Age]]. After the death of the last Jagiellonian king, the united [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] became an [[elective monarchy]] with mostly foreigners elected as monarchs such as [[Henry III of France]], who witnessed the introduction of the [[Golden Liberty]] system and [[Stephen Báthory]], a capable military commander who strengthened the nation. The meaningful rule of the [[House of Vasa|Vasa dynasty]] initially expanded the Commonwealth as the arts and crafts developed, as well as trade and commerce. King [[Sigismund III Vasa]], a talented but somewhat despotic ruler, involved the country in many wars, which subsequently resulted in the successful capture of [[Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)|Moscow]] and the [[Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)|loss of]] [[Livonia]] to [[Sweden]]. His son, [[Władysław IV Vasa]], fiercely defended the Commonwealth's borders and continued the policy of his father until his death, unlike [[John II Casimir]] whose tragic rule resulted in his [[abdication]].

The election of [[John III Sobieski]] to the Polish throne proved to be beneficial for the Commonwealth. A brilliant military tactician, John III led the coalition forces to [[Battle of Vienna|victory at Vienna]] in 1683 and he partially recaptured land from the [[Ottoman Empire]]. However, the years that followed were not as successful.<ref name="Malden2014">{{cite book|author=Henry Elliot Malden|title=Salus Vienna Tua: The great siege of 1683|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NDv1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79|date=4 July 2014|publisher=Soldiershop Publishing|isbn=978-88-96519-84-4|pages=79–}}</ref> The long and ineffective rule of the [[Wettin dynasty]] ([[Augustus II the Strong]] and [[Augustus III of Poland|Augustus III]]) placed the Commonwealth under the influence of [[Saxony]] and the [[Russian Empire]]. Additional feuds with rebel nobility ([[szlachta]]) and most notably [[Stanislaus I Leszczyński]] and [[France]] diminished the influence of Poland–Lithuania in the region, which led to the [[Partitions of Poland|partitions]] that occurred under King [[Stanisław II Augustus|Stanislaus II Augustus]], yet another [[Enlightenment in Poland|enlightened]], but ineffective monarch. The last true sovereign of Poland was [[Frederick Augustus I of Saxony|Frederick Augustus I]] as [[Duke of Warsaw]], who throughout his political career attempted to rehabilitate the Polish state. 

Following the [[Napoleonic Wars]], many sovereigns claimed the title of Polish king, duke or ruler, notably German (the [[King of Prussia]] was also the sovereign of the [[Grand Duchy of Posen]] 1815-1918), Russian (the [[Congress Kingdom of Poland]] was founded in 1815 with the widely unrecognized title of King of Poland to the [[Emperor of Russia]] until 1915) and Austrian emperors (the [[Emperor of Austria]] was sovereign of the [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]] between 1772 and 1918, and the [[Grand Duchy of Kraków]] between 1846 and 1918). The new [[Kingdom of Poland (1917-1918)|Kingdom of Poland]] was proclaimed as an independent state in 1916 with a [[Regency Council (Poland)|Regency Council]] but the [[monarchy]] was abolished and a [[Parliamentary republic|parliamentary republican authority]] was established when Poland was re-constituted as a [[Second Polish Republic|sovereign state in 1918]].

==Legendary==
{{further|Poland in the Early Middle Ages}}
Most of the legendary Polish rulers appear for the first time in chronicles from the 13th century and their existence has not been determined.

{{Sticky header}}
{{Nobility table header|extra column=Claim !! House}}
|-
|<big>[[Lech, Czech, and Rus|{{nowrap|'''Lech'''}}]]</big>
| [[File:Chronica Polonorum, Lech.jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Lech in Chronica Polonorum]]
| Unknown
| Unknown
| Unknown
|Legendary founder of the [[Polish people|Polish nation]] according to folktales, tribal leader
| [[Lechites]] (Tribe)

|-
|<big>[[Krakus|{{nowrap|'''Krakus I'''}}]]</big><br /><small>also '''Krak''' or '''Grakch'''</small><br />{{c.|8th century}}
| [[File:Chronica Polonorum I 5.jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Krakus in Chronica Polonorum]]
| {{c.|8th century}}
| Unknown
| {{c.|8th century}}
|  Legendary founder of [[Kraków]]
| [[Lechites]] (Tribe)

|-
|<big>{{nowrap|'''[[Krakus II]]'''}}</big><br />{{c.|8th century}}
| [[File:Monarch-emp.png|100px]]
|{{c.|8th century}}<br />Son of [[Krakus|Krakus I]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|8th century}}
| Succession
| [[Lechites]] (Tribe)

|-
|<big>{{nowrap|'''[[Lech II]]'''}}</big><br /><br />{{c.|8th century}}
| [[File:Lech II.jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Lech II in Chronica Polonorum]]
| {{c.|8th century}}<br />Son of Krakus I, brother of [[Krakus II]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|8th century}}
| Succession
| [[Lechites]] (Tribe)

|-
|<big>[[Princess Wanda|{{nowrap|'''Wanda'''}}]]</big><br /><small>also '''Wąda'''</small><br />{{c.|8th century}}
| [[File:Chronica Polonorum Vanda.jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Wanda in Chronica Polonorum]]
| {{c.|8th century}}<br />Daughter of Krakus, sister of Krakus II and Lech II
| Unknown
| {{c.|8th century}}
| Succession
| [[Lechites]] (Tribe)

|-
| Duke<br /><big>{{nowrap|'''[[Leszko I]]'''}}</big><br /><small>also '''Leszek'''</small><br />{{c.|7th centuries}}<br />{{ndash}}<br />{{c.|8th centuries}}
| [[File:LestekPrim1581.JPG|100px|Imaginary depiction of Leszko I in Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio by Alexander Guagnini]]
| {{c.|7th centuries}}<br />{{ndash}}<br />{{c.|8th centuries}}
| Unknown
| {{c.|7th centuries}}<ref>dated around 700 by [[Marcin Bielski]]</ref><br />{{ndash}}<br />{{c.|8th centuries}}
| Birth name '''Przemysław''', defeated the Hungarians and was crowned<hr />Elected
| [[Goplans]] and [[Polans (western)|Polans]] (Tribes)

|-
| Duke<br /><big>{{nowrap|'''[[Leszko II]]'''}}</big><br />{{c.|8th century}}
| [[File:LestekBis1581.JPG|100px|Imaginary depiction of Leszko II in Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio by Alexander Guagnini]]
| {{c.|8th centuries}}<br />Presumed son of [[Leszko I]], Alleged progenitor of the [[Popielids]] dynasty
| Unknown
| {{c.|8th centuries}}
| Succession
| [[Popielids]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>{{nowrap|'''[[Leszko III]]'''}}</big><br />{{c.|8th century}}
| [[File:LestekTri1581.JPG|100px|Imaginary depiction of Leszko III in Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio by Alexander Guagnini]]
| {{c.|8th centuries}}<br />Presumed son of [[Leszko II]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|8th centuries}}
| Succession
| [[Popielids]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>{{nowrap|'''[[Popiel I]]'''}}</big><br />{{c.|8th century}}
| [[File:Chronica Polonorum, Pompilius I.jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Popiel I in Chronica Polonorum]]
| {{c.|8th centuries}}<br />Presumed son of [[Leszko III]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|8th centuries}}
| Succession
| [[Popielids]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>[[Popiel|{{nowrap|'''Popiel II'''}}]]</big><br />{{c.|9th century}}
| [[File:PopielBis1581.jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Popiel II in Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio by Alexander Guagnini]]
| {{c.|9th century}}<br />Presumed son of [[Popiel I]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Nomen nescio|NN]], A German Princess
| {{c.|9th century}}
| A legendary ruler dethroned by Piast. He appears (without the number) in the oldest Polish chronicle, {{Lang|la|[[Gesta principum Polonorum]]}} from the early 12th century<hr />Succession
| [[Popielids]]

|-
| <big>{{nowrap|'''[[Piast the Wheelwright]]'''}}</big><br />{{c.|9th century}}
| [[File:Piast (99006906).jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Piast the Wheelwright by Walery Eljasz Radzikowski]]
| {{c.|9th century}}<br />Son of [[Chościsko]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Rzepicha]]
| {{c.|9th century}}
| Legendary founder of the Piast dynasty. He appears in the oldest Polish chronicle, {{Lang|la|[[Gesta principum Polonorum]]}} from the early 12th century
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]
|}

== Debatable rulers ==
{{further|Polans (western)|Greater Poland}}
The three direct predecessors of Mieszko I are known only from the account of [[Gallus Anonymus]], who wrote the oldest Polish chronicle, {{Lang|la|[[Gesta principum Polonorum]]}} at the beginning of the 12th century. Though their historicity was once debatable, now historians tend to consider them actually existing rulers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jasiński|first=Kazimierz|title=Rodowód pierwszych Piastów|year=1992|location=Wrocław-Warszawa|pages=46}}</ref>
{{Nobility table header|extra column=Claim !! House !! Ref.}}

|-
| Duke<br /><big>[[Siemowit|{{nowrap|'''Siemowit'''}}]]</big><br /><small>also '''Ziemowit'''</small><br /><br />9th century
| [[File:Siemowit (99006958).jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Siemowit by Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski]]
| 9th century<br />Presumed son of [[Piast the Wheelwright]]<br />and [[Rzepicha]]
| Unknown
| 9th century
| Named the [[Duke of the Polans]] after his father, Piast the Wheelwright, refused to take the place of legendary Duke [[Popiel II|Popiel]]<hr />Elected
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]
| <ref name="Roszko1980">{{cite book|author=Janusz Roszko|title=Kolebka Siemowita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4tNBAAAAYAAJ|access-date=29 February 2012|year=1980|isbn=978-83-207-0090-9|page=170|publisher=Iskry }}</ref>

|-
| Duke<br /><big>[[Lestek|{{nowrap|'''Lestek'''}}]]</big><br /><small>also '''Leszek''' or '''Lestko'''</small><br />9th century<br />{{ndash}}<br />10th century
| [[File:Lestek (99006975).jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Lestek by Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski]]
| {{c.|870}}{{ndash}}880<br />Presumed son of [[Siemowit]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|930}}{{ndash}}950
| Named the [[Duke of the Polans]] after succeeding his father<hr />Succession
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]
| <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n5bxAAAAMAAJ&q=lestek+950|title = Quaestiones Medii Aevi Novae|year = 2000|publisher = Wydawn. DiG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TnHDPbau3Q4C&dq=lestek+870&pg=PA908|isbn=9783110947977|title=Polski Indeks Biograficzny|date=18 May 2012|publisher=Walter de Gruyter}}</ref>

|-
| Duke<br /><big>[[Siemomysł|{{nowrap|'''Siemomysł'''}}]]</big><br /><small>also '''Ziemomysł'''<br />Latin: '''Zemomislaus'''</small><br />10th century<br />{{ndash}}<br />{{c.|950}}/960
| [[File:Siemomysl (99007021).jpg|100px|Imaginary depiction of Siemomysł by Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski]]
| {{c.|900}}<br />Presumed son of [[Lestek]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|950}}{{ndash}}960
| Named the [[Duke of the Polans]] after succeeding his father<hr />Succession
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]
| <ref>{{Cite book
  | last = Lukowski
  | first = Jerzy
  | author2 = Hubert Zawadzki
  | title = A Concise History of Poland
  | publisher = Cambridge University Press
  | year = 2006
  | pages = [https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/n38 3]–4
  | url = https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko
  | isbn = 978-0-521-61857-1
  | url-access = registration
  }}</ref>
|}

==House of Piast==
{{See also|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty}}

{{Sticky header}}
{{Nobility table header|extra column=Claim !! House}}

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''[[Mieszko I]]'''</big><br /><small>Latin: ''Misico, dux Wandalorum''</small><br />960<br />{{ndash}}<br />25 May 992<br />''({{age in years|960|25 May 992|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Mieszko I (274939) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|930}}<hr />Son of semi-legendary [[Siemomysł]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Doubravka of Bohemia]]<br />{{c.|965}}<br />2 children<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Oda of Haldensleben]]<br />{{c.|980}}<br />3 children
| 25 May 992<br />[[Poznań]]<br />Aged about 62
| First Christian ruler of Poland<hr />Succession
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Bolesław I the Brave]]'''</big><br /><small>also '''Boleslaus I the Great'''<br />{{langx|pl|Bolesław I Chrobry (Wielki)}}</small><br />992{{ndash}}1025 (as duke)<hr />18 April 1025{{ndash}}17 June 1025 (as king)<br />''({{age in years|992|17 June 1025|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Bolek.jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|967}}<br />[[Poznań]]<hr />Son of [[Mieszko I]] and [[Doubravka of Bohemia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} Hunilda, daughter of Rikdag <hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Judith of Hungary]] <hr />{{grey|(3)}} [[Emnilda of Lusatia]]<hr />{{grey|(4)}} [[Oda of Meissen]]
| 17 June 1025<br />[[Kraków]]<br />Aged about 58
| First crowned king<hr />Succession
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Mieszko II Lambert]]'''</big><br />25 December 1025{{ndash}}1031<br />''({{age in years|1025|1031|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Matylda wrecza mieszkowi II ksiege liturgiczna.jpg|100px|Mieszko II Lambert receiving a liturgical book from Matilda of Swabia]]
| {{c.|990}}<hr />Son of [[Bolesław I the Brave]] and [[Emnilda of Lusatia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Richeza of Lotharingia]], 4 children
| 10/11 May 1034<br />[[Poznań]]<br />Aged about 44
| Crowned king<hr />Succession<hr />Deposed as a result of the [[pagan reaction in Poland|Pagan Rebellion]]
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''[[Bezprym]]'''</big><br />1031{{ndash}}1032 ''({{age in years|1031|1032|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Bezprym.jpeg|100px]]
| {{c.|986}}<hr />Son of Bolesław I the Brave and [[Judith of Hungary]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|1032}}<br />Aged about 46
| Country divided, ruler of a Duchy<hr />Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>[[Otto Bolesławowic|'''Otto''']]</big><br />1032{{ndash}}1033 ''({{age in years|1032|1033|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Monarch-emp.png|50px]]
| {{c.|1000}}<hr />Son of Bolesław I the Brave and [[Emnilda of Lusatia]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|1033}}<br />Aged about 33
| Country divided, ruler of a Duchy<hr />Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''[[Dytryk]]'''</big><br /><small>also '''Dietrich''' and '''Theoderick'''</small><br />1032{{ndash}}1033 ''({{age in years|1032|1033|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Monarch-emp.png|50px]]
| {{c.|992}}<hr />Son of [[Lambert Mieszkowic]] or [[Mieszko Mieszkowic]]
| Unknown
| {{c.|1033}}<br />Aged about 41
| Country divided, ruler of a Duchy<hr />Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''Mieszko II Lambert'''</big><br />1032{{ndash}}1034<br />''({{age in years|1032|1034|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Matylda wrecza mieszkowi II ksiege liturgiczna.jpg|100px|Mieszko II Lambert]]
| {{c.|990}}<hr />Son of [[Bolesław I the Brave]] and [[Emnilda of Lusatia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Richeza of Lotharingia]], 4 children
| 10/11 May 1034<br />[[Poznań]]<br />Aged about 44
| Restored as duke
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''[[Bolesław the Forgotten]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Bolesław Zapomniany}}</small><br />1034{{ndash}}1038/1039<br />''({{age in years|1034|1039|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Monarch-emp.png|50px]]
| before 1016<hr />Presumed son of [[Mieszko II Lambert]]
| Unknown
| 1038/1039
| Semi-legendary, existence disputed
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''[[Casimir I the Restorer]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Kazimierz I Odnowiciel}}</small><br />1034/1040{{ndash}}1058<br />''({{age in years|1040|1058|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Casimir I the Restorer.jpg|100px]]
| 25 July 1016<hr />Son of [[Mieszko II Lambert]] and [[Richeza of Lotharingia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Maria Dobroniega of Kiev|Maria Dobroniega]], 5 children
| 19 March 1058<br />[[Poznań]]<br />Aged 41
| Made prince in 1034, returned from abroad in 1040<hr />Restoration
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Bolesław II the Generous]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Bolesław II Szczodry (Śmiały)}}</small><br />1058{{ndash}}1076 (as duke)<br />26 December 1076{{ndash}}1079 (as king)<br />''({{age in years|1058|1079|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Boleslaus II of Poland (89920250).jpg|100px]]
| 1042<hr />Son of [[Casimir I the Restorer]] and [[Maria Dobroniega of Kiev|Maria Dobroniega]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Wyszesława of Kiev|Wyszesława]], 1 son
| 2/3 April 1081<br />[[Hungary]] or [[Ossiach]]<br />Aged about 39
| Crowned king in 1076<hr />Deposed and exiled in 1079 after slaying [[Stanislaus of Szczepanów|Saint Stanislaus]]
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''[[Władysław I Herman]]'''</big><br />1079{{ndash}}4 June 1102<br />''({{age in years|1079|1102|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Władysław I Herman by Aleksander Lesser.PNG|100px]]
| 1044<hr />Son of [[Casimir I the Restorer]] and [[Maria Dobroniega of Kiev|Maria Dobroniega]]
| {{grey|(1)}} Przecława<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Judith of Bohemia]]<hr />{{grey|(3)}} [[Judith of Swabia]]
| 24 June 1102<br />[[Płock]]<br />Aged about 58
| Succeeded brother after his exile
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''[[Zbigniew of Poland|Zbigniew]]'''</big><br />1102{{ndash}}1107<br />''({{age in years|1102|1107|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Zbigniew (112832610).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1073}}<hr />Son of [[Władysław I Herman]] and Przecława (?)
| Unknown
| 8 July 1113<br />Aged about 40
| Succession
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| Duke<br /><big>'''[[Bolesław III Wrymouth]]'''</big><br /><small>also '''Boleslaus III'''<br />{{langx|pl|Bolesław III Krzywousty}}</small><br />1107{{ndash}}1138<br />''({{age in years|1107|1138|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Boleslaw Krzywousty (275002).jpg|100px]]
| 20 August 1086<br />[[Płock]]<hr />Son of [[Władysław I Herman]] and [[Judith of Bohemia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Zbyslava of Kiev]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Salomea of Berg]]
| 28 October 1138<br />[[Sochaczew]]<br />Aged 52
| Succession<hr />His death led to the [[Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth|fragmentation of Poland]]
| [[House of Piast|Piast]] 
|}

===Fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320)===
{{See also|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty#Fragmentation of the realm (1138–1320)|Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth|l1 = Fragmentation of the realm}}

{{Nobility table header|extra column=Claim !! House}}
|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Władysław II the Exile]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Władysław II Wygnaniec}}</small><br />1138{{ndash}}1146<br />''({{age in years|1138|1146|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Władysław II Wygnaniec by Aleksander Lesser.PNG|100px]]
| 1105<br />[[Kraków]]<hr />Son of [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] and [[Zbyslava of Kiev]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Agnes of Babenberg]], 5 children
| 30 May 1159<br />[[Altenburg]]<br />Aged 54
| Succession<hr />Deposed and exiled
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Bolesław IV the Curly]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy}}</small><br />1146{{ndash}}1173<br />''({{age in years|1146|1173|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Boleslaus IV of Poland (89920492).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1125}}<hr />Son of [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] and [[Salomea of Berg]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Viacheslava of Novgorod]], 3 children
| 5 January 1173<br />Aged about 51
| Succeeded exiled half-brother
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Mieszko III of Poland|Mieszko III]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Mieszko III Stary}}</small><br />1173{{ndash}}1177<br />''({{age in years|1173|1177|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Mieszko III Stary (76852586) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1127}}<hr />Son of [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] and [[Salomea of Berg]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Elizabeth of Hungary, Duchess of Greater Poland|Elisabeth of Hungary]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Eudoxia of Kiev]]
| 13 March 1202<br />[[Kalisz]]<br />Aged about 75
| Succession<hr />Deposed by brother in 1177
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Casimir II the Just]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy}}</small><br />1177{{ndash}}1190<br />''({{age in years|1177|1190|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Casimir II of Poland (89920659).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1138}}<hr />Son of [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] and [[Salomea of Berg]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Helen of Znojmo]], 7 children
| 5 May 1194<br />[[Kraków]]<br />Aged about 56
| Usurped power from brother
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| <big>'''Mieszko III'''</big><br />1190{{ndash}}1190
| [[File:Mieszko III Stary (76852586) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| –
| –
| –
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| <big>'''Casimir II the Just'''</big><br />1190{{ndash}}1194
| [[File:Casimir II of Poland (89920659).jpg|100px]]
| –
| –
| –
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Leszek I the White]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Leszek Biały}}</small><br />1194{{ndash}}1198<br />''({{age in years|1190|1194|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Leszek Bialy (76844388) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1184}}/1185<hr />Son of [[Casimir II the Just]] and [[Helen of Znojmo]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Grzymisława of Luck]], 2 children
| 24 November 1227<br />[[Marcinkowo Górne]]<br />Aged about 43
| Succession
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| <big>'''Mieszko III'''</big><br />1198{{ndash}}1199
| [[File:Mieszko III Stary (76852586) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| –
| –
| –
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| <big>'''Leszek I the White'''</big><br />1199{{ndash}}1199
| [[File:Leszek Bialy (76844388) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| –
| –
| –
| Restored
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| <big>'''Mieszko III'''</big><br />1199{{ndash}}1202
| [[File:Mieszko III Stary (76852586) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| –
| –
| –
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Władysław III Spindleshanks]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Władysław III Laskonogi}}</small><br />1202{{ndash}}1206<br />''({{age in years|1202|1206|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Wladyslaw III Laskonogi (76853776) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1167}}<hr />Son of [[Mieszko III]] and [[Eudoxia of Kiev]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Lucia of Rügen]], 2 children
| 3 November 1231<br />Aged about 64
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| <big>'''Leszek I the White'''</big><br />1206{{ndash}}1210
| [[File:Leszek Bialy (76844388) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| –
| –
| –
| Restored
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Mieszko IV Tanglefoot]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Mieszko IV Plątonogi}}</small><br />1210{{ndash}}1211<br />''({{age in years|1210|1211|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Mieszko IV.JPG|100px]]
| {{c.|1130}}<hr />Son of [[Władysław II the Exile]] and [[Agnes of Babenberg]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Ludmila (wife of Mieszko I Tanglefoot)|Ludmila]], 5 children
| 16 May 1211<br />Aged about 81
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| <big>'''Leszek I the White'''</big><br />1211{{ndash}}1227<br />''({{age in years|1211|1227|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Leszek Bialy (76844388) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| –
| –
| –
| Restored<hr />Murdered in 1227
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| <big>'''Władysław III Spindleshanks'''</big><br />1227{{ndash}}1229
| [[File:Wladyslaw III Laskonogi (76853776) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| –
| –
| –
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Konrad I of Masovia]]'''</big><br />1229{{ndash}}1232<br />''({{age in years|1229|1232|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Konrad I mazowiecki (275073).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1187}}/1188<hr />Son of [[Casimir II the Just]] and [[Helen of Znojmo]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Agafia of Rus]], 10 children
| 31 August 1247<br />Aged about 60
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Henry I the Bearded]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Henryk I Brodaty}}</small><br />1232{{ndash}}1238<br />''({{age in years|1232|1238|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Henryk I Brodaty (76847868) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1165}}/1188<br />[[Głogów]]<hr />Son of [[Bolesław I the Tall]] and Christina (?)
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Hedwig of Andechs]], 7 children
| 19 March 1238<br />[[Krosno Odrzańskie]]<br />Aged about 73
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Henry II the Pious]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Henryk II Pobożny}}</small><br />1238{{ndash}}1241<br />''({{age in years|1238|1241|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Henryk II Pobożny (Hedwig Codex).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1196}}<br />[[Głogów]]<hr />Son of [[Henry the Bearded]] and [[Hedwig of Andechs]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia|Anne of Bohemia]], 10 children
| 9 April 1241<br />[[Legnickie Pole]]<br />Aged about 45
| Succession<hr />Killed at the [[Battle of Legnica]]
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Bolesław II the Horned]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Bolesław II Rogatka}}</small><br />1241{{ndash}}1241
| [[File:Monarch-emp.png|50px]]
| {{c.|1220}}/1225<br />[[Głogów]]<hr />Son of [[Henry II the Pious]] and [[Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia|Anne of Bohemia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} Hedwig of Anhalt, 7 children<br />{{grey|(2)}} Euphemia of Pomerania<br />{{grey|(3)}} Sophia of Dyhrn
| 26 December 1278<br />[[Legnica]]
| Succession<hr />Deposed
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Konrad I of Masovia]]'''</big><br />1241{{ndash}}1243<br />''({{age in years|1241|1243|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Konrad I mazowiecki (275073).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1187}}/1188<hr />Son of [[Casimir II the Just]] and [[Helen of Znojmo]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Agafia of Rus]], 10 children
| 31 August 1247<br />Aged about 60
| Usurped
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Bolesław V the Chaste]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Bolesław V Wstydliwy}}</small><br />1243{{ndash}}1279<br />''({{age in years|1243|1279|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Boleslaw V Wstydliwy (76848244).jpg|100px]]
| 21 June 1226<br />[[Stary Korczyn]]<hr />Son of [[Leszek I the White]] and [[Grzymisława of Luck]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Kinga of Poland]], no children
| 7 December 1279<br />[[Kraków]]<br />Aged 52
| Restored as rightful Duke
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Leszek II the Black]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Leszek Czarny}}</small><br />1279{{ndash}}1288<br />''({{age in years|1279|1288|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Leszek Czarny by Aleksander Lesser.PNG|100px]]
| {{c.|1241}}<br />[[Brześć Kujawski]]<hr />Son of [[Casimir I of Kuyavia]] and [[Constance of Wrocław]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Gryfina of Halych]]
| 30 September 1288<br />[[Kraków]]<br />Aged about 47
| Succession
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| High Duke<br /><big>'''[[Henryk IV Probus]]'''</big><br /><small>English: ''Henry the Righteous''<br />{{langx|pl|Henryk IV Prawy}}</small><br />1288{{ndash}}1290<br />''({{age in years|1279|1288|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Henry IV of Silesia (89921214).jpg|100px]]
| {{c.|1257}}/1258<hr />Son of [[Henry III the White]] and Judith of Masovia
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Constance, Duchess of Wodzisław|Constance of Opole]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Poland|Matilda of Brandenburg]]
| 23 June 1290<br />[[Wrocław]]<br />Aged about 32
| Succession
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]
|}

===Attempt at restoration (1295–1296)===
{{Nobility table header|arms=yes|extra column=Claim !! House}}
|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Przemysł II]]'''</big><br /><small>English: '''Premislaus II'''</small><br />1290{{ndash}}1291 (as duke)<hr />1295{{ndash}}1296 (as king)<br />''(1 year)''
| [[File:Przemysl II (76843358) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg|100px]]
| 14 October 1257<br />[[Poznań]]<hr />Son of [[Przemysł I of Greater Poland]] and [[Elisabeth of Wrocław]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Ludgarda of Mecklenburg]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Richeza of Sweden, Duchess of Poland|Richeza of Sweden]]<hr />{{grey|(3)}} [[Margaret of Brandenburg]]
| 8 February 1296<br />[[Rogoźno]]<br />Aged 38
| Crowned king in 1295<hr />Granted Poland its coat of arms<hr />Assassinated
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]
|}

==Přemyslid House==
{{Nobility table header|arms=yes|extra column=Claim !! House}}

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Wacław II Czeski}}</small><br />1296{{ndash}}1300 (as High Duke)<hr />1300{{ndash}}1305 (as King)<br />''({{age in years|1300|1305|duration=yes}} years)''
| [[File:Vaclav2 trun.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Insigne Cechicum.svg|100px]]
| 27 September 1271<br />[[Prague]]<hr />Son of [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]] and [[Kunigunda of Slavonia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Judith of Habsburg]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Elisabeth Richeza of Poland]]
| 21 June 1305<br />[[Prague]]<br />Aged 33
| Crowned himself King of Poland in 1300
| [[House of Přemyslid|Přemyslid]]

|-
| ''(Uncrowned)''<br /><big>'''[[Wenceslaus III of Bohemia]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Wacław III Czeski}}</small><br />1305{{ndash}}1306<br />''(1 year)''
| [[File:Vaclav3 pecet.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Insigne Cechicum.svg|100px]]
| 6 October 1289<br />[[Prague]]<hr />Son of [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]] and [[Judith of Habsburg]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Viola of Teschen]]
| 4 August 1306<br />[[Olomouc]]<br />Aged 16
| Succession<hr />Uncrowned and assassinated
| [[House of Přemyslid|Přemyslid]]
|}

==House of Piast (restored)==
{{See also|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty#The reunited kingdom of the last Piast rulers; Jewish settlement|l1=Reunited Kingdom of Poland}}
{{Nobility table header|arms=yes|extra column=Claim !! House}}

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Ladislaus the Short]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Władysław I Łokietek}}</small><br />1306{{ndash}}1320<br />(as High Duke)<hr />20 January 1320<br />{{ndash}}<br />2 March 1333<br />(as King)<br />''({{age in years and days|1 September 1306|2 March 1333|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Władysław Łokietek.jpg|100px|16th Century Portrait by Antoni Boys]]
| [[File:POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg|100px]]
| {{c.|1260}}<hr />Son of [[Casimir I of Kuyavia]] and [[Euphrosyne of Opole]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Jadwiga of Kalisz]], 6 children
| 2 March 1333<br />[[Kraków]]<br />Aged about 73
| Reunited the [[Kingdom of Poland]] after fragmentation<hr />Crowned King in 1320
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Casimir III the Great]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Kazimierz III Wielki}}</small><br />25 April 1333<br />{{ndash}}<br />5 November 1370<br />''({{age in years and days|25 April 1333|5 November 1370|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Kazimierz III sarcophagus figure.jpg|100px|Sarcophagus effigy at Wawel Cathedral, Kraków]]
| [[File:POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg|100px]]
| 30 April 1310<br />[[Kowal (town)|Kowal]]<hr />Son of [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]] and [[Jadwiga of Kalisz]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Aldona of Lithuania]]<hr /> {{grey|(2)}} [[Adelaide of Hesse]]<hr />{{grey|(3)}} [[Christina Rokiczana]]<hr />{{grey|(4)}} [[Hedwig of Sagan]]
| 5 November 1370<br />[[Kraków]]<br />Aged 60
| Succession<hr />Strengthened Poland's position in Europe<hr />Died without a male heir<hr />Last monarch from the Piast Dynasty
| [[House of Piast|Piast]]
|}

==House of Anjou==
{{See also|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty#The reign of Louis I and Jadwiga (1370–1399)|l1=Louis I and Jadwiga of the Anjou dynasty (1370–1399)}}

{{Nobility table header|arms=yes|extra column=Claim !! House}}

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Louis I of Hungary|Louis]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Ludwik Węgierski}}</small><br />17 November 1370<br />{{ndash}}<br />10 September 1382<br />''({{age in years and days|17 November 1370|10 September 1382|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Louis I (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coa Hungary Country History Lajos I (1370).svg|100px]]
| 5 March 1326<br />[[Visegrád]]<hr />Son of [[Charles I of Hungary]] and [[Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary|Elizabeth of Poland]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary|Margaret of Bohemia]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Elizabeth of Bosnia]]
| 10 September 1382<br />[[Trnava|Nagyszombat (Trnava)]]<br />Aged 56
| Succeeded his uncle, Casimir III, to the Polish throne
| [[Capetian House of Anjou|Anjou]]

|-
| '''Queen'''<br /><big>'''[[Jadwiga of Poland|Hedwig]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Jadwiga}}</small><br />16 October 1384<br />{{ndash}}<br />17 July 1399<br />''({{age in years and days|16 October 1384|17 July 1399|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Jadwiga Andegaweńska seal 1386.PNG|100px|Portrait on seal]]
| [[File:Coat of arms of Jadwiga of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 3 October 1373{{ndash}}18 February 1374<br />[[Buda]]<hr />Daughter of [[Louis I of Hungary]] and [[Elizabeth of Bosnia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Władysław II Jagiełło]] (Jogaila)
| 17 July 1399<br />[[Kraków]]<br />Aged 25
| Succeeded her father in Poland<hr />Her husband was crowned ''[[jure uxoris]]'' on 4 March 1386
| [[Capetian House of Anjou|Anjou]]
|}

==House of Jagiellon==
{{See also|History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty}}
{{Nobility table header|arms=yes|extra column=Claim !! House}}

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Władysław II Jagiełło]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|lt|Jogaila}}</small><br />4 March 1386<br />{{ndash}}<br />1 June 1434<br />''({{age in years and days|4 March 1386|1 June 1434|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Jogaila (Władysław II).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Władysław jagiełło.png|100px]]
| {{c.|1352}}/1362<br />[[Vilnius]]<hr />Son of [[Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania|Algirdas]] and [[Uliana of Tver]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Hedwig of Poland]] (Jadwiga)<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Anna of Cilli]]<hr /> {{grey|(3)}} [[Elisabeth of Pilica]]<hr />{{grey|(4)}} [[Sophia of Halshany]]
| 1 June 1434<br />[[Gródek Jagielloński|Gródek]]<br />Aged 72–82
| Born a pagan<hr />Previously [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]]<hr />Crowned co-ruler with wife [[Hedwig of Poland|Hedwig]]<hr />Longest-reigning Polish monarch
| [[House of Jagiellon|Jagiellon]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Władysław III of Poland|Władysław III]]'''</big><br /><small>English: '''Ladislaus III of Varna'''<br />{{langx|pl|Władysław III Warneńczyk}}</small><br />25 July 1434<br />{{ndash}}<br />10 November 1444<br />''({{age in years and days|25 July 1434|10 November 1444|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Toruń - Władysław III.(2).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Warneńczyk.png|100px]]
| 31 October 1424<br />[[Kraków]]<hr />Son of [[Jogaila]] and [[Sophia of Halshany]]
| Unmarried and childless
| 10 November 1444<br />[[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]]<br />Aged 20
| Succeeded his father in Poland<hr />Killed at the [[Battle of Varna]]<hr />Interregnum until 1447
| [[House of Jagiellon|Jagiellon]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Casimir IV Jagiellon|Casimir IV]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk}}</small><br />25 June 1447<br />{{ndash}}<br />7 June 1492<br />''({{age in years and days|25 June 1447|7 June 1492|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Kazimier Jagajłavič. Казімер Ягайлавіч (1645).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Kazimierz jagiellończyk.png|100px]]
| 30 November 1427<br />[[Kraków]]<hr />Son of [[Jogaila]] and [[Sophia of Halshany]]
| [[Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505)|Elizabeth of Habsburg]], 13 children
| 7 June 1492<br />[[Grodno]]<br />Aged 64
| Succession<hr />Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania<hr />Divided the Polish-Lithuanian realm between [[John I Albert|John]] and [[Alexander Jagiellon|Alexander]]
| [[House of Jagiellon|Jagiellon]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[John I Albert]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Jan I Olbracht}}</small><br />23 September 1492<br />{{ndash}}<br />17 June 1501<br />''({{age in years and days|23 September 1492|17 June 1501|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:PL Gloger-Encyklopedja staropolska ilustrowana T.4 454a.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Jan olbracht.png|100px]]
| 27 December 1459<br />[[Kraków]]<hr />Son of [[Casimir IV Jagiellon|Casimir IV]] and [[Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505)|Elizabeth of Habsburg]]
| Unmarried and childless
| 17 June 1501<br />[[Toruń]]<br />Aged 41
| Succeeded his father in Poland<hr />Laid foundation for the [[Sejm]] and [[Senate of Poland|Senate]] (Polish Parliament)
| [[House of Jagiellon|Jagiellon]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Alexander Jagiellon|Alexander]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Aleksander Jagiellończyk}}</small><br />12 December 1501<br />{{ndash}}<br />19 August 1506<br />''({{age in years and days|12 December 1501|19 August 1506|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Goraj Miracle of Saint Simeon Stylites (detail).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:POL COA under the rule of Alexander Jagiellon.svg|100px]]
| 5 August 1461<br />[[Kraków]]<hr />Son of [[Casimir IV Jagiellon|Casimir IV]] and [[Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505)|Elizabeth of Habsburg]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Helena of Moscow]], childless
| 19 August 1506<br />[[Vilnius]]<br />Aged 45
| Succeeded his brother in Poland<hr />Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania<hr />Buried in Lithuania
| [[House of Jagiellon|Jagiellon]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Sigismund I the Old]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Zygmunt I Stary}}</small><br />8 December 1506<br />{{ndash}}<br />1 April 1548<br />''({{age in years and days|8 December 1506|1 April 1548|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Kulmbach Sigismund I the Old.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Sigismund I of Poland (Order of the Golden Fleece).svg|100px]]
| 1 January 1467<br />[[Kozienice]]<hr />Son of [[Casimir IV Jagiellon|Casimir IV]] and [[Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505)|Elizabeth of Habsburg]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Barbara Zápolya]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Bona Sforza]] of [[Milan]]
| 1 April 1548<br />[[Kraków]]<br />Aged 81
| Succeeded his brother in Poland and Lithuania
| [[House of Jagiellon|Jagiellon]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Sigismund II Augustus]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Zygmunt II August}}</small><br />1 April 1548<br />{{ndash}}<br />7 July 1572<br />''({{age in years and days|1 April 1548|7 July 1572|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Cranach the Younger Sigismund II Augustus.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Fictional heraldic coat of arms of Žygimantas Augustas (based on a design from a 16th century tapestry) with Lithuanian coat of arms Vytis, Polish Eagle and coats of arms of Volhynia, Smolensk, Kyiv voivodeships.png|100px]]
| 1 August 1520<br />[[Kraków]]<hr />Son of [[Sigismund I the Old|Sigismund I]] and [[Bona Sforza]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545)|Elizabeth of Austria]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Barbara Radziwiłł]]<hr />{{grey|(3)}} [[Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland|Catherine of Austria]]
| 7 July 1572<br />[[Knyszyn]]<br />Aged 51
| Succession<hr />Formation of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] with an [[elective monarchy]]<hr />Last male member of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, died heirless
| [[House of Jagiellon|Jagiellon]]
|}

==Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795==
{{see also|Rzeczpospolita|History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648)|History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)|History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–95)}}
{{Nobility table header|arms=yes|extra column=Claim !! House}}

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Henry III of France|Henry]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Henryk Walezy}}</small><br />16 May 1573<br />{{ndash}}<br />12 May 1575<br />''({{age in years and days|16 May 1573|12 May 1575|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Henri III - portrait after Jean Decourt - Musée Condé.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Henry III of France.svg|100px]]
| 19 September 1551<br />[[Château de Fontainebleau|Fontainebleau]]<hr />Son of [[Henry II of France|Henry II]] and [[Catherine de' Medici]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Louise of Lorraine]], no children
| 2 August 1589<br />[[Château de Saint-Cloud|Saint-Cloud]]<br />Aged 37
| Elected<hr />Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his [[Charles IX of France|brother]] in France<hr />Interregnum until 1575
| [[House of Valois|Valois]]

|-
| '''Queen'''<br /><big>'''[[Anna Jagiellon|Anna]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Anna Jagiellonka}}</small><br />15 December 1575<br />{{ndash}}<br />19 August 1587 <br />''(de facto)'' <br>''({{Age in years and days|15 December 1575|19 August 1587|duration=yes}})'' <br>{{Ndash}}<br />9 September 1596 <br />''(de jure)'' <br> ''({{age in years and days|15 December 1575|9 September 1596|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Kober Anna Jagiellon as a widow.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:COA family pl Jagiellon.svg|100px]]
| 18 October 1523<br />[[Kraków]]<hr />Daughter of [[Sigismund I the Old|Sigismund I]] and [[Bona Sforza]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Stephen Báthory]], no children
| 9 September 1596<br />[[Warsaw]]<br />Aged 72
| Elected co-monarch with [[Stephen Báthory]]<hr />Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576<hr />Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected 
| [[Jagiellonian Dynasty|Jagiellon]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Stephen Báthory]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Stefan Batory}}</small><br />1 May 1576<br />{{ndash}}<br />12 December 1586<br />''({{age in years and days|1 May 1576|12 December 1586|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Riehl Portrait of Stephen Bathory.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Bathory coat of arms.svg|100px]]
| 27 September 1533<br />[[Șimleu Silvaniei|Szilágysomlyó]]<hr />Son of [[Stephen Báthory of Somlyó]] and [[Catherine Telegdi]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Anna Jagiellon]], no children
| 12 December 1586<br />[[Grodno]]<br />Aged 53
| Elected as co-monarch with [[Anna Jagiellon]]<hr />Prince of [[Transylvania]]
| [[Báthory family|Báthory]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund III]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Zygmunt III Waza}}</small><br />19 August 1587<br />{{ndash}}<br />30 April 1632<br />''({{age in years and days|19 August 1587|30 April 1632|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Soutman Sigismund III Vasa in coronation robes.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg|100px]]
| 20 June 1566<br />[[Gripsholm Castle|Gripsholm]]<hr />Son of [[John III of Sweden]] and [[Catherine Jagiellon]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland|Anne of Austria]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Constance of Austria]]
| 30 April 1632<br />[[Warsaw]]<br />Aged 65
| Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon<hr />Transferred capital from [[Kraków]] to Warsaw<hr />Hereditary King of [[Sweden]] until deposition in 1599
| [[House of Vasa|Vasa]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Władysław IV]]'''</big><br />also '''Ladislaus IV'''<br /><small>{{langx|pl|Władysław IV Waza}}</small><br />8 November 1632<br />{{ndash}}<br />20 May 1648<br />''({{age in years and days|8 November 1632|20 May 1648|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Rubens Wladyslaw Vasa.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg|100px]]
| 9 June 1595<br />[[Łobzów]]<hr />Son of [[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund III]] and [[Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland|Anne of Austria]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Cecilia Renata of Austria]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Marie Louise Gonzaga]]
| 20 May 1648<br />[[Merkinė]]<br />Aged 52
| Elective succession<hr />Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured [[Moscow]]
| [[House of Vasa|Vasa]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[John II Casimir]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Jan II Kazimierz}}</small><br />20 November 1648<br />{{ndash}}<br />16 September 1668<br />''({{age in years and days|20 November 1648|16 September 1668|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Schultz John II Casimir Vasa.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg|100px]]
| 22 March 1609<br />[[Kraków]]<hr />Son of [[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund III]] and [[Constance of Austria]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Marie Louise Gonzaga]]<hr />{{grey|(2)}} [[Claudine Françoise Mignot]] ([[morganatic marriage]])
| 16 December 1672<br />[[Nevers]]<br />Aged 63
| Elective succession, succeeded half-brother<hr />Previously a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]]<hr />Titular King of Sweden<hr />[[Abdication|Abdicated]]
| [[House of Vasa|Vasa]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki|Michael I]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki}}</small><br />19 June 1669<br />{{ndash}}<br />10 November 1673<br />''({{age in years and days|19 June 1669|10 November 1673|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:King Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 31 May 1640<br />[[Bilyi Kamin|Biały Kamień]]<hr />Son of [[Jeremi Wiśniowiecki]] and [[Gryzelda Konstancja Wiśniowiecka|Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Eleonora Maria of Austria]], no children
| 10 November 1673<br />[[Lwów]]<br />Aged 33
| Elected<hr />Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor
| [[Wiśniowiecki]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[John III Sobieski]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Jan III Sobieski}}</small><br />19 May 1674<br />{{ndash}}<br />17 June 1696<br />''({{age in years and days|19 May 1674|17 June 1696|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Schultz John III Sobieski.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Jan Sobieski as king of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 17 August 1629<br />[[Olesko Castle|Olesko]]<hr />Son of [[Jakub Sobieski]] and [[Teofila Zofia Sobieska|Teofila Zofia]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien|Marie Casimire d'Arquien]], 13 children
| 17 June 1696<br />[[Wilanów Palace|Wilanów]]<br />Aged 66
| Elected<hr />Born into nobility<hr />A successful military commander
| [[House of Sobieski|Sobieski]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Augustus the Strong|Augustus II]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|August II Mocny}}</small><br />15 September 1697<br />{{ndash}}<br />1706<br />''(1st reign, 9 years)''
| [[File:August II the Strong.PNG|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 12 May 1670<br />[[Dresden]]<hr />Son of [[John George III, Elector of Saxony|John George III]] and [[Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]], 1 son by wife
| 1 February 1733<br />[[Warsaw]]<br />Aged 62
| Elected<hr />Previously Elector and ruler of [[Saxony]]<hr />Dethroned by [[Stanislaus I]] in 1706 during the [[Great Northern War]]
| [[House of Wettin|Wettin]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Stanislaus I]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Stanisław I Leszczyński}}</small><br />12 July 1704<br />{{ndash}}<br />8 July 1709<br />''(1st reign, {{age in years and days|12 July 1704|8 July 1709|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Mányoki Stanislaus Leszczyński.png|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Leszczynski as king of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 20 October 1677<br />[[Lwów]]<hr />Son of [[Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703)|Rafał Leszczyński]] and [[Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727)|Anna Jabłonowska]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Catherine Opalińska]], 2 children
| 23 February 1766<br />[[Lunéville]]<br />Aged 88
| Usurped<hr />Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706<hr />Exiled in 1709
| [[House of Leszczyński|Leszczyński]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Augustus the Strong|Augustus II]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|August II Mocny}}</small><br />8 July 1709<br />{{ndash}}<br />1 February 1733<br />''(2nd reign, {{age in years and days|8 July 1709|1 February 1733|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:August II (1670-1733).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 12 May 1670<br />[[Dresden]]<hr />Son of [[John George III, Elector of Saxony|John George III]] and [[Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]], 1 son by wife
| 1 February 1733<br />[[Warsaw]]<br />Aged 62
| Restored
| [[House of Wettin|Wettin]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Stanislaus I]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Stanisław I Leszczyński}}</small><br />12 September 1733<br />{{ndash}}<br />26 January 1736<br />''(2nd reign, {{age in years and days|12 September 1733|26 January 1736|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Attribué à Jean Girardet - Portrait de Stanislas en costume d’apparat.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Leszczynski as king of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 20 October 1677<br />[[Lwów]]<hr />Son of [[Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703)|Rafał Leszczyński]] and [[Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727)|Anna Jabłonowska]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Catherine Opalińska]], 2 children, including [[Marie Leszczyńska|Marie, Queen of France]]
| 23 February 1766<br />[[Lunéville]]<br />Aged 88
| Elected<hr />His election sparked the [[War of the Polish Succession]]<hr />Deposed by [[Augustus III of Poland|Augustus III]] in 1736
| [[House of Leszczyński|Leszczyński]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Augustus III]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|August III Sas}}</small><br />5 October 1733<br />{{ndash}}<br />5 October 1763<br />''(30 years)''
| [[File:Louis de Silvestre - Portrait of Augustus III of Poland (after 1733) - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 17 October 1696<br />[[Dresden]]<hr />Son of [[Augustus II the Strong]] and [[Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth|Christiane Eberhardine]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Maria Josepha of Austria]], 16 children, including [[Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France|Maria Josepha, Dauphine of France]]
| 5 October 1763<br />[[Dresden]]<br />Aged 66
| Usurped<hr />Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734<hr />Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736
| [[House of Wettin|Wettin]]

|-
| '''King'''<br /><big>'''[[Stanisław II Augustus|Stanislaus II Augustus]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Stanisław II August}}</small><br />7 September 1764<br />{{ndash}}<br />25 November 1795<br />''({{age in years and days|7 September 1764|25 November 1795|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Stanisław II August Poniatowski in coronation clothes.PNG|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Augustus as king of Poland.svg|100px]]
| 17 January 1732<br />[[Wołczyn]]<hr />Son of [[Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762)|Stanisław Poniatowski]] and [[Konstancja Czartoryska (1700–1759)|Konstancja Czartoryska]]
| Unmarried, had illegitimate children including with [[Catherine the Great|Empress Catherine II of Russia]]
| 1 February 1798<br />[[Saint Petersburg]]<br />Aged 66
| Elected<hr />Born into nobility<hr />Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the [[Partitions of Poland]]
| [[House of Poniatowski|Poniatowski]]
|}

==Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815==
{{see also|Duchy of Warsaw}}

{{Nobility table header|arms=yes|extra column=Claim !! House}}

|-
| Grand Duke<br /><big>'''[[Frederick Augustus I of Saxony|Frederick Augustus I]]'''</big><br /><small>{{langx|pl|Fryderyk August I}}</small><br />9 June 1807<br />{{ndash}}<br />22 May 1815<br />''({{age in years and days|9 June 1807|22 May 1815|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony by Marcello Bacciarelli (ca 1808-1809).png|100px]]
| [[File:Grand Coat of Arms of Duchy of Warsaw.svg|100px]]
| 23 December 1750<br />[[Dresden]]<hr />Son of [[Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony]] and [[Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria|Maria Antonia of Bavaria]]
| {{grey|(1)}} [[Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]], <br /> 1 daughter
| 5 May 1827<br />[[Dresden]]<br />Aged 76
| [[Treaties of Tilsit]]<hr />Designated as a king of Poland by [[General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland]], 1812.
| [[House of Wettin|Wettin]]
|}

==Polish States 1815-1918==
See the [[List of rulers of Partitioned Poland]]

==Family tree of the rulers of Poland==
{{transcluded section|part=yes|Family tree of Polish monarchs}}
{{trim|{{#section::Family tree of Polish monarchs|FamilyTreeOfPolishMonarchs}}}}

==Pretenders to the Polish throne==
{{History of Poland}}
* [[Vratislaus II of Bohemia]] (1085–1092)
* [[Rudolf I of Bohemia]] (1306–1307)
* [[Henry of Bohemia]] (1307–1310)
* [[John of Bohemia]] (1310–1335)
* [[Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria]] (1916–1918)
* [[Kiril, Prince of Preslav]] (1916–1918)<ref>{{cite web |title=How prince Kiril could become king of Poland (in bulgarian) |url=https://bulgarianhistory.org/prints-kiril-polski-prestol/ |website=bulgarianhistory.org |date=13 June 2018 |access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>

===Modern===
* [[Alexander, Margrave of Meissen]] (2012–), disputed{{CN|date=May 2024}}
* [[Rüdiger, Margrave of Meissen]] (2012–2022), disputed
* [[Daniel, Margrave of Meissen]] (2022–), disputed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prinz Daniel hat Prioritäten: Lieber Gemeinderat als König von Polen |author=Pia Lucchesi |work=TAG24 |date= 20 August 2017|access-date=18 November 2021 |url= https://www.tag24.de/nachrichten/moritzburg-warschau-prinz-daniel-hat-prioritaeten-lieber-gemeinderat-als-koenig-von-polen-316927 |quote=}}</ref> Son of Rüdiger

===Not recognized royal elections===
{{See also|Royal elections in Poland}}
* [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maxmilian II Habsburg]] (1575–1576), ''See: [[1576 Free election]]''
* [[Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria|Maxmilian III Habsburg]] (1587–1589), ''See: [[1587 Free election]]''
* [[François Louis, Prince of Conti|François Louis de Bourbon]] (1697), ''See: [[1697 Free election]]''

==See also==
* [[Coronations in Poland]]
* [[Dukes of Greater Poland]]
* [[Dukes of Masovia]]
* [[Dukes of Pomerania]]
* [[Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca]]
* [[Dukes of Silesia]]
* [[Kings of Poland family tree]]
* [[List of rulers of Partitioned Poland]]
* [[List of Galician rulers]]
* [[List of heads of state of Poland]]
* [[List of Poles#Royalty|List of Poles]]
* [[List of Polish consorts]]
* [[List of prime ministers of Poland]]
* [[Princely Houses of Poland]]
* [[Polish people|Poles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Duczmal M., Jagiellonowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Kraków 1996.
* Dybkowska A., Żaryn J., Żaryn M., Polskie dzieje. Od czasów najdawniejszych po współczesność, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1995. {{ISBN|83-01-11870-9}}
* [[Józef Andrzej Gierowski|Gierowski J.A.]], Rzeczpospolita w dobie złotej wolności (1648–1763), Kraków 2001. {{ISBN|83-85719-56-3}}
* [[Stanisław Grodziski|Grodziski S.]], Polska w czasach przełomu (1764–1815), Kraków 2001. {{ISBN|83-85719-45-8}}
* Grodziski S., Porównawcza historia ustrojów państwowych, Kraków 1998. {{ISBN|83-7052-840-6}}
* [[Stanisław Grzybowski|Grzybowski S.]], Dzieje Polski i Litwy (1506–1648), Kraków 2000. {{ISBN|83-85719-48-2}}
* Morby J.E., Dynastie świata. Przewodnik chronologiczny i genealogiczny, Kraków 1995, s. 261–263. {{ISBN|83-7006-263-6}}
* [[Jerzy Wyrozumski|Wyrozumski J.]], Dzieje Polski piastowskiej (VIII w.-1370), Kraków 1999. {{ISBN|83-85719-38-5}}
* [[Benedykt Zientara|Zientara B.]], Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1997.

==External links==
{{Commons|Kings and dukes of Poland}}
* Górczyk, Wojciech. [http://histmag.org/?id=3057&act=ac "Półksiężyc, orzeł, lew i smok. Uwagi o godłach napieczętnych Piastów"] {{in lang|pl}}. Histmag.org. June 14, 2009.

{{Monarchs of Poland}}
{{Poland topics}}

[[Category:Polish monarchs| ]]
[[Category:Polish history timelines|Monarchs]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs in Europe|Poland]]
[[Category:Lists of Polish people|Monarchs]]

[[lt:Lenkijos karalius]]