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List of Indian musical instruments
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{{Short description|None}} {{no footnotes|date=February 2013}} [[File:Pulluvan pattu in Ashtamudi temple1.JPG|thumb|200px|Woman playing pulluvan veena]] '''Musical instruments of the [[Indian subcontinent]]''' can be broadly classified according to the [[Hornbostel–Sachs]] system into four categories: [[chordophone]]s (string instruments), [[aerophone]]s (wind instruments), [[membranophone]]s (drums) and [[idiophone]]s (non-drum percussion instruments). ==[[Chordophones]]== ===[[Plucked string instrument|Plucked strings]]=== {| |width="150" valign="top"| * [[Arched harp]] * [[Bulbul Tarang]] *Dhrupad * [[Dilruba]] * [[Dotara|Dotar, Dotora, or Dotara]] * [[Ektara]] * [[Jhallari|Getchu Vadyam or Jhallari]] * [[Khamak|Gopichand or Gopiyantra or Khamak]] * [[Gottuvadhyam|Gottuvadhyam or Chitravina]] * Katho * [[Sarod]] * [[Sitar]] * [[Surbahar]] * [[Surshringar]] * [[Swarabat]] * [[Swarmandal]] * [[Tanpura|Tambura]] * [[Tritantri Veena]] |width="300" valign="top"| * [[Tumbi]] * Tuntuna * Zesty * [[Hansa Veena]] * [[Mohan Veena]] * Nakula Veena * Nanduni * [[Pamiri rubab]] * [[Rudra Veena]], also called Bīn in North India * [[Sagar Veena]] * [[Saraswati Veena]] * [[Vichitra Veena]] * [[Yazh]] * [[Ranjan veena|Ranjan Veena]] * [[Mayuri Veena]] * [[Rubab (instrument)]] * [[Triveni veena|Triveni Veena]] |} ===Bowed strings=== • Chikara • Dhantara • Dilruba • Ektara violin • Esraj • Kamaicha • Kingri (string instrument) • Mayuri Vina or Taus • Onavillu • Behala (violin type) • Pena (musical instrument) • Pinaka vina • Pulluvan Veena - one stringed violin • Ravanahatha • Sarangi • Classical Sarangi • Sarinda • Tar Shehnai • Taus • Villu Paatu - arched bow instrument ===Other string instruments=== * Gethu or [[Jhallari]] – struck tanpura * [[Gubguba]] or Jamuku (khamak) * Pulluvan kutam * [[Santoor]] – Hammered dulcimer ==[[Aerophones]]== ===Single reed=== *[[Pepa (musical instrument)|Pepa]] *[[Pungi]] or [[Pungi|Been]] [[File:Amber Fort-Jaipur-India0001.JPG|thumb|200px|Snake charmer playing pungi]] [[File:Banshri.jpg|thumb|200px|Bansuri player at [[Mehrangarh]] Fort at [[Jodhpur]].]] [[File:Dms7s5(1).jpg|thumb|200px|Indian [[Harmonium]]]] ===Double reed=== * [[Kuzhal]] * [[Mukhavina]] * [[Nadaswaram]] * [[Shehnai]] * Sundari * [[Tangmuri]] ===Flute=== * [[Alghoza]] – double flute * [[Bansuri]] * [[Venu]] (Carnatic flute) Pullanguzhal ===Bagpipes=== *[[Mashak]] *[[Titti (bagpipe)|Titti]] *[[Sruti upanga]] ===Free reed=== * [[Gogona]] * [[Morsing]] ===Free reed and bellows=== * [[Shruti box]] * [[Harmonium (hand-pumped)]] ===Brass=== * Bigul – see [[Bugle]] * [[Ekkalam]] * [[Karnal (instrument)|Karnal]] * [[Kombu (instrument)]] * [[Ramsinga]] * Kahal * [[Nagfani]] * Turi * [[Tutari]] ==[[Membranophones]]== ===Hand drums=== [[File:Learn To Play Tabla.jpg|thumb|200px|Learning to play [[tabla]]]] [[File:Perc-tumbak.jpg|thumb|200px|Tumbaknaer, drum from Jammu and Kashmir for accompanying devotionals]] [[File:Peruvanam Kuttan Marar IMG 3074.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Chenda]] (top) and [[Chande]] (below) are different drums]] [[File:Chandeboy.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Chande]] of Yakshagana]] {| |width="100" valign="top"| * [[Dhadd|Dhad]] * [[Damru]] * Dimadi * [[Dhol]] * [[Dholak]] * [[Dholki]] * [[Duggi (drum)|Duggi]] * Ghat singhari or Gada Singari * [[Ghumot]] * Gummeta * [[Kanjira]] * [[Khol]] * Kinpar and Dhopar (Tribal Drums) * [[Madal]] * [[Mardala]] * [[Maddale]] * [[Maram (drum)|Maram]] * [[Mizhavu]] * [[Mridangam]] * [[Naal (drum)|Naal]] |valign="top"| * [[Pakhavaj]] * Pakhavaj [[Jori (instrument)|Jori]] – Sikh instrument similar to Tabla * [[Panchamukha vadyam]] * [[Pung cholom]] * Shuddha Madalam or [[Maddalam]] * Tabala / Tabl / Chameli – goblet drum * [[Tabla]] * [[Tabla Tarang]] – set of Tablas * [[Tamate]] * Thanthi Panai * [[Thimila]] * [[Dumbek|Tumbak]], Tumbaknari, Tumbaknaer * [[Tumdak']] * [[Udukku]] |} ===Hand frame drums=== * [[Daf]], duf, or dafli – medium or large frame drum without jingles, of Persian origin * Dubki, dimdi or dimri – small frame drum without jingles * [[Kanjira]] – small frame drum with one jingle * Kansi – small drum without jingles * [[Patayani thappu]] – medium frame drum played with hands ===Stick and hand drums=== * [[Chenda]] * [[Davul]] * [[Dhak (instrument)|Dhak]] * [[Dhimay]] * [[Dhol]] * [[Dholi]] * [[Dollu]] * [[Idakka]] * [[Thavil]] * [[Udukai]] * [[Urumi (drum)]] ===Stick drums=== [[File:12th-century sculpture at Belur Hindu temple, musician with drum musical instrument fingers in string.jpg|thumb|right|[[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakeshava Temple]], 12th century A.D. Goddess playing an hourglass drum, possibly an udukai.]] * [[Chande]] * [[Davul]] * [[Kachhi Dhol]] * [[Naqareh#Indian Nagara|Nagara]] – pair of kettledrums * [[Pambai]] – unit of two cylindrical drums * Parai [[thappu]], halgi – frame drum played with two sticks * [[Sambal (drum)|Sambal]] * Stick daff or stick duff – daff in a stand played with sticks * [[Tamak']] * Tasha – type of [[kettledrum]] * Timki * [[Urumi (drum)|Urumee]] ==Idiophones== [[File:BelurCTM 30 Nagaveena Dance.jpg|thumb |A medieval instrument, labeled ''nagaveena'' (snake veena), is a type of musical scraper.]] * [[Chimta]] – fire tong with brass jingles * [[Chengila]] – metal disc * [[Elathalam]] * [[Geger]] – brass vessel * [[Ghanti]] – Northern Indian bell * [[Ghatam]] and Matkam (Earthenware pot drum) * [[Ghungroo]] * [[Khartal]] or Chiplya * [[Taal (instrument)|Manjira]] or jhanj or taal * [[Nut (musical instrument)|Nut]] – clay pot * [[Sankarjang]] – lithophone * [[Thali (percussion)|Thali]] – metal plate * [[Thattukazhi mannai]] * [[Yakshagana bells]] ===Melodic=== [[File:JalTarang Omenad.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jaltarang]]]] * [[Jal tarang]], ceramic bowls with water * Kanch tarang, a type of [[glass harp]] * Loh tarang (लोह तरंग), a set of tuned gongs * Kashtha tarang, a type of [[xylophone]] ==Hand harmonium== Dwarkanath Ghose ([[Dwarkin]]) modified the French pedal harmonium. ==Electronic== * [[Roland HandSonic]] * [[Electronic tanpura]] * Electronic (digital) tabla * Talameter * [[Music of India|Musical instrument of Tamil nadu]] * [[List of Indian dances|List of Indian dance]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Indian musical instruments}} {{Rāgas as per Performance Time}} [[Category:Indian musical instruments|*]] [[Category:Indian inventions|Musical instruments]] [[Category:Lists of musical instruments|India]] [[Category:India music-related lists|Instruments]]
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