Editing Lisp Machine Lisp

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{primary sources|date=July 2009}}
{{Infobox programming language
| name = Lisp Machine Lisp
| logo = <!-- Filename only -->
| logo caption = 
| screenshot = <!-- Filename only -->
| screenshot caption = 
| paradigms = 
| family = [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]
| designers = [[David A. Moon]],<br />[[Richard Stallman]],<br />[[Daniel Weinreb]]
| developers = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]],<br />[[Symbolics]],<br />[[Lisp Machines]],<br />[[Texas Instruments]]
| released = {{Start date and age|1976}}
| latest release version = 
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|1995}}
| typing = 
| scope = 
| programming language = [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]
| discontinued = Yes
| platform = [[Lisp machine]]s
| operating system = [[Genera (operating system)|Genera]], others
| license = 
| file ext = {{Mono|.lisp}}, {{Mono|.qfasl}}
| file format = <!-- or: | file formats = -->
| website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} -->
| implementations = 
| dialects = Lisp Machine Lisp, ZetaLisp
| influenced by = [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Maclisp]], [[Interlisp]]
| influenced = [[Common Lisp]]
}}

'''Lisp Machine Lisp''' is a [[programming language]], a [[Dialect (computing)|dialect]] of the language [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]. A direct descendant of [[Maclisp]], it was initially developed in the mid to late 1970s as the [[system programming]] language for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) [[Lisp machine]]s. Lisp Machine Lisp was also the Lisp dialect with the most influence on the design of [[Common Lisp]].

Lisp Machine Lisp branched into three dialects. [[Symbolics]] named their variant ZetaLisp. [[Lisp Machines]], Inc. and later [[Texas Instruments]] (with the [[TI Explorer]]) would share a common code base, but their dialect of Lisp Machine Lisp would differ from the version maintained at the [[MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory|MIT AI Lab]] by [[Richard Stallman]] and others.

==Manual==
The Lisp Machine Manual describes the Lisp Machine Lisp language in detail.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hanshuebner.github.io/lmman/frontpage.html |title=Lisp Machine Manual, Hypertext (6th) edition |author=<!--Unstated--> |date=January 1984 |editor-last=Huebner |editor-first=Hans |website=GitHub |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/cadr/chinual_3rdEd_Mar81.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906132944/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/cadr/chinual_3rdEd_Mar81.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-06 |url-status=live |title=Lisp Machine Manual, 3rd Edition |last1=Moon |first1=David |last2=Stallman |first2=Richard M. |last3=Weinreb |first3=Daniel |date=March 1981 |website=Bitsavers.org |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> The manual was popularly termed the ''Chine Nual'', because the full title was printed across the front and back covers such that only those letters appeared on the front.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jargon.net/jargon/jargonfile/c/chinenual.html |title=chine nual |website=Cool Jargon |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> This name is sometimes further abbreviated by blending the two words into ''Chinual''.

==Traits==
Lisp Machine Lisp features include:
* Support for [[object-oriented programming]] via an object system named [[Flavors (programming language)|Flavors]]
* Uses [[Scope_(computer_science)#Dynamic_scope|dynamic binding]], but supports [[Closure (computer programming)|closures]] with a special construct
* Integer numbers were read and printed in [[octal]] (base 8) by default<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/mit/cadr/chinual_3rdEd_Mar81.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808085610/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/mit/cadr/chinual_3rdEd_Mar81.pdf |archive-date=2010-08-08 |url-status=live |title=Page 3 of Lisp Machine Manual 3rd Edition}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hanshuebner.github.io/lmman/intro.xml#Structure%20of%20the%20Manual-section |title=Currently the default radix for the Lisp Machine system is eight}}</ref>
* Dividing floating point numbers returned decimals, dividing integers returned [[rational number]]s ([[Fraction (mathematics)|fractions]])

==References==
{{Reflist}}
<!-- ==External links== -->

{{Lisp programming language}}

[[Category:Lisp programming language family]]
[[Category:Lisp (programming language)]]
[[Category:1970s software]]
[[Category:Programming languages created in 1976]]

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