Editing Lionel Tertis

{{Short description|English violist (1876 - 1975)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Lionel Tertis
| image             = Lionel Tertis.jpg
| image_size        = 
| caption           = 
| background        = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1876|12|29|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[West Hartlepool]], [[United Kingdom]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1975|2|22|1876|12|29|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Wimbledon, London]]
| occupation        = Violist
| years_active      = 1900-1975
| instrument        = Viola
}}
'''Lionel Tertis''', [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (29 December 1876{{spaced ndash}}22 February 1975) was an English [[viola|violist]]. He was one of the first viola players to achieve international fame, and a noted teacher.

==Career==
Tertis was born in [[West Hartlepool]], the son of Polish-Jewish immigrants.<ref>Concise [[Dictionary of National Biography]]</ref> Tertis's first instrument was the piano, and at thirteen he left home to earn a living as a pianist. In 1892 he had saved enough money to enter [[Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance|Trinity College of Music]] in London, where he had violin lessons under B.M. Carrodus, whilst continuing to learn the piano under R. W. Lewis for three intermittent terms. In 1895, after six months at Leipzig Conservatorium, Tertis entered the [[Royal Academy of Music]] (RAM) in London and studied the violin under [[Hans Wessely]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Shore, Bernard |date=2009 |chapter=Tertis, Lionel (1876 – 1975) |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31748 }}</ref> In 1897, whilst at the RAM, he was encouraged by the principal, [[Alexander Mackenzie (composer)|Alexander Mackenzie]], to take up the viola instead.<ref>This account is disputed by John White, who writes "It was another fellow student, [[Percy Hilder Miles]], who made the casual request that would change the course of Tertis' life" (''Lionel Tertis: The First Great Virtuoso of the Viola'', page 5.)</ref>   Under the additional influence of [[Oskar Nedbal]], he did so and rapidly became one of the best-known violists of his time, touring Europe and the US as a soloist.

As Professor of Viola at the RAM (from 1900), he encouraged his colleagues and students to compose for the instrument, thereby greatly expanding its repertoire.<ref>{{cite web |author=Foreman, Christopher |date=2011 |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2011/Feb11/Dale.htm |title=Benjamin Dale—A reassessment, Part 2: The viola years, 1916–1914 |access-date=17 August 2011}}</ref> In 1906, Tertis was temporarily in the famous [[Bohemian Quartet]] to replace the violist/composer Oskar Nedbal and later he took the viola position in the [[William_Henry_Walenn#Musical_family|Walenn Quartet]].

Composers such as [[Arnold Bax]], [[Frank Bridge]], [[Gustav Holst]], [[Benjamin Dale]], [[York Bowen]], [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], [[Arthur Bliss]], [[Arnold Trowell]] and [[William Walton]] wrote pieces for him. The Walton piece was his [[Viola Concerto (Walton)|Viola Concerto]]; however, Tertis did not give the world premiere as he found it difficult to comprehend at the time; that honour went to [[Paul Hindemith]]. His pupil [[Bernard Shore]] took on the second performance at the [[BBC Promenade Concerts|Proms]] in August 1930.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/e8r9mb |title=BBC Proms performance archive |date=21 August 1930 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=2025-03-24}}</ref> Tertis first performed the work a month later at the International Society for Contemporary Music festival in Liège. Over the next three years he gave five more performances of the concerto.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lloyd, Stephen |title=William Walton: Muse of Fire |date=2001 |p=94-95 |ISBN= 9780851158037}}</ref>

He owned a 1717 [[Domenico Montagnana|Montagnana]] from 1920 to 1937<ref>{{cite web
 |publisher=Cozio 
 |title=ID: 3487, Type: viola 
 |url=http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=3487 
 |access-date=22 August 2006 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506193916/http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=3487 
 |archive-date= 6 May 2006 
}}</ref> which he found during one of his concert tours to Paris in 1920, and took a chance in acquiring. According to his memoirs, it was "shown to me in an unplayable condition, without bridge, strings or fingerboard.... No case was available – it was such a large instrument 17 1/8 inches – so my wife came to the rescue by wrapping it in her waterproof coat, and that is how it was taken across the English Channel." Tertis preferred a large viola to get an especially rich tone from his instrument. Knowing that some would find a 17-1/8-inch instrument too large he created his own Tertis model, which provides many of the tonal advantages of the larger instrument in a manageable 16-3/4-inch size. Tertis sold the 1717 Montagnana to his pupil Bernard Shore in 1937, who in turn passed it on to his pupil [[Roger Chase]]. 

Along with [[William Murdoch (pianist)|William Murdoch]] (piano), [[Albert Sammons]], and [[Lauri Kennedy]], Tertis formed the ''Chamber Music Players''.<ref>{{cite book  | publisher = adbonline
  | title = Murdoch, William David (1888–1942) | chapter = William David Murdoch (1888–1942) | url = http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A100616b.htm| access-date = 24 January 2007 }}</ref> He also encouraged and coached [[Sidney Griller]] as he worked to found the [[Griller Quartet]] in 1928, and influenced the Griller's enthusiasm for the [[first Viennese School]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-sidney-griller-1506145.html |title=Obituary, Sidney Griller |website=The Independent |date=23 November 1993 |access-date=2025-03-24}}</ref> 

In 1937, while at the height of his powers, he announced his retirement from the concert platform to concentrate on teaching.  He appeared as soloist only one more time, at a special concert in 1949 to an invited audience at the RAM to help raise money for his fund to encourage the composition of music for the viola.<ref name=grove>{{cite book |editor=Eric Blom  |title=Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed. |date=1954 |volume=VIII |p=400}}</ref>

He was appointed a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the 1950 New Year's Honours.<ref name=grove/>

Tertis composed several original works and also [[arrangement|arranged]] many pieces not originally for the viola, such as [[Edward Elgar]]'s [[Cello Concerto (Elgar)|Cello Concerto]]. He was the author of a number of publications about string playing, the viola in particular, and his own life. They include ''Cinderella No More'' and ''My Viola and I''.

Lionel Tertis died on 22 February 1975 in [[Wimbledon, London]]. He was 98 years old.

==Legacy==

[[File:Lionel Tertis 1876-1975 viola soloist lived in a flat here 1961-1975.jpg|thumb|200px|[[English Heritage]] blue plaque erected 18 May 2015]] 
The [[Lionel Tertis International Viola Competition]] was established in 1980 to honour his memory.

In February 2007 Roger Chase, along with his accompanist, pianist [[Michiko Otaki]], initiated "The Tertis Project," a series of concerts devoted to works composed for Tertis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rogerchase.com/articles.php?article_id=1 |author=Roger Chase |website=www.rogerchase.com |title=The Tertis Project}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715195849/http://www.rogerchase.com/articles.php?article_id=1 |date=15 July 2011 }}</ref> A CD, ''The Tertis Tradition'', was issued in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/7981040--the-tertis-tradition |title=Dutton CDLX7231 |website=www.prestomusic.com |access-date=2025-03-24}}</ref>

In 2015, [[English Heritage]] unveiled a [[blue plaque]] at his Wimbledon, London home.<ref name=Yourlocalguardian>{{cite news|last1=Middleton|first1=Becky|title='Greatest viola player of the 20th century' honoured with English Heritage plaque on former home|url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/12956183._Greatest_viola_player_of_the_20th_century__honoured_with_English_Heritage_plaque_on_former_home/|access-date=19 May 2015|work=Yourlocalguardian|date=18 May 2015}}</ref>

Many fine English violists were students of Tertis, including [[Harry Berly]], [[Rebecca Clarke (composer)|Rebecca Clarke]], [[Eric Coates]], [[Winifred Copperwheat]], [[Paul Cropper]], [[Harry Danks]], C. Sidney Errington, [[Watson Forbes]], Max Gilbert, [[Hope Hambourg]], [[Raymond Jeremy]], [[James Lockyer (musician)|James Lockyer]], [[Frederick Riddle]], Ian Ritchie, [[Philip Sainton]], [[Beryl Scawen Blunt]], [[Bernard Shore]], [[Gilbert Shufflebotham]], [[Jacqueline Townshend]], [[Maurice Ward (musician)|Maurice Ward]] and [[Lena Wood]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Maurice W. |title=The History of the Viola |date=1980 |publisher=Braun-Brumfield |location=Michigan, U.S.A |isbn=0960315004 |page=269}}</ref>

==Works==
=== Original compositions ===

* ''Elizabethan Melody'' for viola and cello
* ''15th Century Folk Song: 1452-Anonymous'' for viola, cello and piano  
* ''Hier au soir'' for viola and piano
* ''Rêverie'' for viola and piano
* ''Sunset (Coucher du soleil)'' for viola (or violin or cello) and piano
* ''Three Sketches'' for viola and piano
:#     ''Serenade''; revised as ''A Tune''
:#     ''The Blackbirds'' (1952)
:#     ''The River''
* ''A Tune'' for viola and piano (published 1954); 2nd version of ''Serenade''
* ''Variations on a Passacaglia of Handel'' for 2 violas (1935); original work based on the ''Passacaglia'' by [[Johan Halvorsen]]
* ''Variations on a Four Bar Theme of Handel'' for viola and cello

=== Transcriptions, arrangements and adaptations ===

For '''viola and piano''' unless otherwise noted

{| class="wikitable" style="margins:auto; width=95%;"
! Original composer !! Title !! width="40%"|Remarks
|-
| [[Anton Arensky]] (1861–1906) || ''Berceuse'' || &nbsp;
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] (1685–1750) || ''Air on the C-String'' || original from ''Orchestral Suite No. 3'' 
|-
| ''Aria "Come Sweet Death"'' || from ''Cantata 191''
|-
| ''Adagio from Toccata in C major'' || published 1935; original for organ
|-valign="top"
| rowspan="2" | [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] (1770–1827) || ''Menuet'' || published 1912; original for orchestra; from ''12 Menuette'', WoO 7
|-valign="top"
| ''Theme and Variations (on Mozart's "Ein Mädchen oder Weibchen")'', Op. 66 (1796) || original for cello and piano
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[Johannes Brahms]] (1833–1897) || ''Minnelied'', Op. 71 No. 5 (1877) || original for voice and piano
|-
| ''Wir wandelten'' for violin or viola and piano, Op. 96 No. 2 (1884) || original for voice and piano
|-
| [[Willy Burmester]] (1869–1933) || ''Französisches Lied aus dem 18. Jahrhundert'' (French Air from the 18th Century) (1909) || original for violin and piano
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[Eric Coates]] (1886–1957) || ''Ballad'' in G major, Op. 13 (1906) || &nbsp;
|-
| ''First Meeting: Souvenir'' || &nbsp;
|-
| rowspan="5" valign="top" | [[Frederick Delius]] (1862–1934) || ''Caprice and Elegy'' for viola and orchestra (1930) || original for cello and orchestra
|-
| ''Double Concerto'' for violin, viola and orchestra (1915–1916) || original for violin, cello and orchestra
|-
| ''Serenade'' from the drama ''Hassan'' (1920–1923) || &nbsp;
|-
| Sonata No. 2 (1922–1923) || original for violin and piano; 1929 transcription
|-
| Sonata No. 3 (1930) || original for violin and piano; 1932 transcription
|-
| [[Ernő Dohnányi]] (1877–1960) || Sonata in C{{music|sharp}} minor, Op. 21 (1912) || original for violin and piano
|-
| [[Edward Elgar]] (1857–1934) || Concerto in E minor for viola and orchestra, Op. 85 (1918–1919) || original for cello and orchestra
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[Gabriel Fauré]] (1845–1924) || ''[[Trois mélodies, Op. 7 (Fauré)|Après un rêve]]'', Op. 7 No. 1 || original for voice and piano
|-
| ''[[Élégie (Fauré)|Élégie]]'' for viola and orchestra, Op. 24 || original for cello and orchestra
|-
| [[Baldassare Galuppi]] || ''Aria Amorosa'' || &nbsp;
|-
| [[Giovan Battista Grazioli]] (1746–1828) || Sonata in F major || original for cello and continuo
|-
| [[Edvard Grieg]] (1843–1907) || ''Ich liebe Dich'' (I Love But Thee!), Op. 5 No. 3 (1864–1865) || original from ''Hjertets Melodier'', 4 songs for voice and piano
|-valign="top"
| rowspan="3" | [[George Frideric Handel]] (1685–1759) || ''Arietta'' || published 1910; transcription (violin and piano) by [[Hamilton Harty]] of "Si che lieta goderò" from ''[[Rodrigo (opera)|Rodrigo]]''; viola part by Tertis
|-
| ''Sarabande'' || transcription of "Sorge nel petto" from ''[[Rinaldo (opera)|Rinaldo]]''
|-
| Sonata in F major (Adagio and Allegro) || original for violin with basso continuo
|-valign="top"
| rowspan="2" | [[Joseph Haydn]] (1732–1809) || ''Capriccio'' || published 1912; transcription (violin and piano) by [[Willy Burmester]] from String Quartet No. 49, Op. 64 No. 2; viola part by Tertis
|-valign="top"
| ''Menuet'' || published 1912; original for orchestra; transcription (violin and piano) by [[Willy Burmester]] from [[Symphony No. 96 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 96]]; viola part by Tertis
|-
| [[William Hurlstone|William Yeates Hurlstone]] (1876–1906) || ''4 Characteristic Pieces'' (1899) || original for clarinet and piano
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | [[John Ireland (composer)|John Ireland]] (1879–1962) || ''The Holy Boy'' || published 1918
|-
| Sonata in G minor (1923) || original for cello and piano; 1941 transcription
|-
| Sonata No. 2 in A minor (1915–1917) || original for violin and piano; 1918 transcription
|-
| [[Fritz Kreisler]] (1875–1962) || ''La Chasse'', Caprice in the Style of Cartier || original for violin and piano
|-
| [[Franz Liszt]] (1811–1886) || ''Liebestraum No. 3'' in A{{music|flat}} major, S. 541 (ca. 1850) || published 1954; original for piano
|-
| [[Étienne Méhul]] (1763–1817) || ''Gavotte'' || published 1912
|-
| rowspan="6" valign="top" | [[Felix Mendelssohn]] (1809–1847) || ''Duetto'' || original for piano: ''Song without Words'', Op. 38 No. 6 (1836)
|-
| ''Fleecy Cloud'' || original for piano: ''Song without Words'', Op. 53 No. 2 (1838)
|-
| ''Gondola Song'' || original for piano: ''Song without Words'', Op. 19 No. 6 (1830)
|-
| ''On Wings of Song'', Op. 34 No. 2 (1835) || original for voice and piano: ''Auf Flügeln des Gesanges''
|-
| ''Spring Song'' || original for piano: ''Song without Words'', Op. 62 No. 6 (1842)
|-
| ''Sweet Remembrance'' || original for piano: ''Song without Words'', Op. 19 No. 1 (1831)
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] (1756–1791) || ''Menuet'' || 
|-
| Sonata [No. 22] in A major, K. 305: Allegro molto; Tema con variazione  || original for violin and piano
|-
| [[Gabriel Pierné]] (1863–1937) || ''Sérénade'', Op. 7 || original for piano
|-
| [[Nicola Porpora]] (1686–1768) || ''Aria'' in E major || extracted from the collection ''I Classici Violinisti Italiani'', freely developed and harmonized by [[Mario Corti (violinist)|Mario Corti]]
|-
| [[Anton Rubinstein]] (1829–1894) || ''Melody in F'', Op. 3 No. 1 (1852) || original for piano
|-
| [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] (1835–1921) || ''Melody'' for viola or violin or cello and piano (1959) || &nbsp;
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | [[Franz Schubert]] (1797–1828) || ''Allegretto'', Duet for violin or viola or 2 violins or 2 violas and piano (1936) || original from the [[String Quartet No. 15 (Schubert)|String Quartet No. 15 in G major]], Op. 161, D. 887 (1826)
|-
| ''Ave Maria'', Op. 52 No. 6 (D. 839) (1825) || original for voice and piano
|-
| ''Du bist die Ruh'', Op. 59 No. 3 (D. 776) || original for voice and piano
|-
| ''Nacht und Träume'', Op. 43 No. 2 (D. 827) || original for voice and piano
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | [[Robert Schumann]] (1810–1856) || ''Abendlied'' (Evening Song) in D{{music|flat}} major, Op. 85 No. 12 (1849) || original for piano 4-hands
|-
| ''Romance'', Op. 28 No. 2 || original for piano
|-
| ''Schlummerlied'' (Slumber Song) in E{{music|flat}} major, Op. 124 No. 16 || original for piano
|-
| [[Cyril Scott]] (1879–1970) || ''Cherry Ripe'' || &nbsp;
|-
| [[Alexander Scriabin]] (1872–1915) || ''Étude'', Op. 42 No. 4 || original for piano
|-
| [[Joseph Sulzer]] (1850–1926) || ''Sarabande: Air on the G-string'', Op. 8 || original for cello (or violin) and piano
|-
| [[Karol Szymanowski]] (1882–1937) || ''Pieśń Roksany'' (Chant de Roxane) || from the opera ''Król Roger''
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] (1840–1893) || ''Chanson triste'', Op. 40 No. 2 || original for piano
|-
| ''June (Barcarolle)'', Op. 37b No. 6 (1875–1876) || original for piano
|-
| ''None But the Lonely Heart'' (also entitled ''A Pleading''), Op. 6 No. 6 (1869) || original for voice and piano
|-
| [[Francis Thomé]] (1850–1909) || ''Sous la feuillée'', Op. 29 || original for piano
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | traditional || ''Londonderry Air "Farewell to Cucullain"'' for viola or violin and piano || &nbsp;
|-
| ''Old Irish Air'' for viola or violin and piano || &nbsp;
|-
| rowspan="5" valign="top" | [[William Wolstenholme]] (1865–1931) || Allegretto in E{{music|flat}} major, Op. 17 No. 2 || published 1900; original for organ
|-
| ''Canzona'' in B{{music|flat}} major, Op. 12 No. 1 || original for organ
|-
| ''Die Antwort'' (The Answer), Op. 13 No. 2 || original for organ
|-
| ''Die Frage'' (The Question), Op. 13 No. 1 || original for organ
|-
| ''Romanza'', Op. 17 No. 1 || published 1900; original for organ
|}

== Recordings ==
Lionel Tertis made recordings in ensembles:

* Vocalion D-02019 Robert Fuchs: Duet; Handel (arr. Halvorsen): Passacaglia with [[Albert Sammons]]
* Columbia LX225-7 Brahms: Sonata in F minor, Op.120/1, with [[Harriet Cohen]], piano
* Columbia L 2342-3 Delius (arr. Tertis): (Violin) sonata 2 (1915) 3s / ''Hassan'' - Serenade, with G. Reeves, piano
	
and as a soloist:

* HMV Treasury HLM 7055, Sonatas by Brahms, Handel, Delius, music by Bach, Mendelssohn etc. Recorded between 1920 & 1933. issued:74

==Writings==

* {{cite book
 | title = My Viola and I
 | year = 1991
 | location = London
 | publisher = Kahn & Averill
 | isbn = 1-871-08220-X
}}

* {{cite book
 | title = Cinderella No More
 | year = 1953
 | location = London
 | publisher = Peter Nevill LTD.
}}

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090831040324/http://www.erinartscentre.com/archive/galleries/tertis_gallery.html Erin Arts Centre: Lionel Tertis photo gallery]
* [http://music.lib.byu.edu/piva/TERTIS%20Discography%20by%20date.htm Harold B. Lee Library: Tertis discography]

==Other reading==
*John White, ''Lionel Tertis: The First Great Virtuoso of the Viola'' (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2006)
*Tully Potter, "Chase Fulfilled", ''The Strad'', August 1988.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tertis, Lionel}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:People from West Hartlepool]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music]]
[[Category:English classical violists]]
[[Category:Jewish English musicians]]
[[Category:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists]]
[[Category:English composers]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:English people of Polish-Jewish descent]]