Editing Linwood, Kansas

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Linwood, Kansas
|settlement_type          = [[City]]

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = LinwoodAerial.png
|image_caption            = Aerial view of Linwood (2017)
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = Leavenworth_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Linwood_Highlighted.svg
|map_caption              = Location within [[Leavenworth County, Kansas|Leavenworth County]] and [[Kansas]]
|image_map1               = Map of Leavenworth Co, Ks, USA.png
|map_caption1             = [[Kansas Department of Transportation|KDOT]] map of [[Leavenworth County, Kansas|Leavenworth County]] ([[:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png|legend]])

<!-- Location -->
|coordinates_footnotes    = <ref name=gnis/>
|coordinates              = {{coord|39|00|07|N|95|02|11|W|region:US-KS_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Kansas]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Kansas|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Leavenworth County, Kansas|Leavenworth]]
|subdivision_type3        = [[List of townships in Kansas|Township]]
|subdivision_name3        =

<!-- Established -->
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = 1860s
|established_title1       = [[Platted]]
|established_date1        = 1867
|established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2        = 1895 <ref name="gov1"/>
|named_for                = [[Tilia|Linden]] tree

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = <ref name="gov1">{{cite web |title=City of Linwood |url=https://www.lkm.org/members/?id=41260843 |website=The League of Kansas Municipalities |date=May 29, 2019}}</ref>
|government_type          = <!-- [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] -->
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              =

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_20.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 24, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.60
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.58
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.02
|area_total_km2           = 1.56
|area_land_km2            = 1.51
|area_water_km2           = 0.05
|unit_pref                = Imperial

<!-- Elevation -->
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 804

<!-- Population -->
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="Census-2020-Profile"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total         = 415
|pop_est_footnotes        =
|pop_est_as_of            =
|population_est           =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_km2   = auto

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 66052
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code                = [[Area code 913|913]]
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]]
|blank1_info              = 2395727<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2395727}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://cityoflinwood.org/|cityoflinwood.org}}
}}

'''Linwood''' is a city in [[Leavenworth County, Kansas|Leavenworth County]], [[Kansas]], United States,<ref name=gnis/> and part of the [[Kansas City metropolitan area]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.marc.org/Data-Economy/Metrodataline/General-Information/Statistical-Areas | title=Population Data and Maps &#124; MARC | access-date=October 14, 2019 | archive-date=September 16, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916081942/http://www.marc.org/Data-Economy/Metrodataline/General-Information/Statistical-Areas | url-status=dead }}</ref>  As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population of the city was 415.<ref name="Census-2020-Profile">{{cite web |title=Profile of Linwood, Kansas in 2020 |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Linwood_city,_Kansas?g=1600000US2041475 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119180244/https://data.census.gov/profile/Linwood_city,_Kansas?g=1600000US2041475 |archive-date=November 19, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>  It is located along [[K-32 (Kansas highway)|K-32 highway]] between [[Lawrence, Kansas|Lawrence]] and [[Bonner Springs, Kansas|Bonner Springs]].

==History==

===Beginnings===
Linwood was founded as '''Journeycake''', named after [[Charles Journeycake]], the last [[Lenape|Delaware]] chief. People occasionally made fun of the name Journeycake by calling it "Johnny Cake." The community was platted on both sides of Stranger Creek, near the creek's mouth at the [[Kansas River]].

In May 1860, a treaty was signed at Sarcoxieville, {{convert|3|mi|km}} northeast of Linwood, by Chief Sarcoxie of the Delaware and by the United States.<ref>[http://lenapedelawarehistory.net/mirror/persN-Z.htm Pers N-Z], Lenape-Delaware History.net, 2006-06-09.  Accessed 2007-08-09.</ref> After the treaty's signature, each member of the tribe was assigned a parcel of land, and the balance of the tribe's territories were sold to the predecessor of the [[Union Pacific Railroad]].  Meanwhile, the U.S. government established a trading post near Stranger Creek until the tribe was moved to the [[Indian Territory]] in 1867. Located beside the Union Pacific Railroad tracks, the trading post became the first school in the community.

===Union Pacific Railroad===
In September 1863, the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] began building the main line westward across the [[Great Plains]] from [[Kansas City, Kansas]], to [[Denver, Colorado]]. This was the long-line railroad in Kansas for 2–3 years. The first {{convert|40|mi|km}} were opened in 1864 from Wyandotte (now a suburb of Kansas City) to Lawrence. William A. Harris moved to Kansas in 1865 employed as a civil engineer for the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1868 it became the [[Kansas Pacific Railway|Kansas Pacific Railroad]].

===Name change===
The original community of '''Journeycake''' was officially platted<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Guide to the A.D. Searl Collection: Plat of the town of Stranger. Leavenworth County, Kansas |url=http://ead.diglib.ku.edu/xml/ksrl.kc.searlad.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902075740/http://ead.diglib.ku.edu/xml/ksrl.kc.searlad.html |archive-date=September 2, 2006 |website=University of Kansas Libraries}}</ref> as '''Stranger''' on July 11, 1867, and recorded at the Leavenworth County Courthouse. When the name Stranger became a problem for the Postal Service. who confused Stranger with a nearby community also named Stranger (referred to as "Big" Stranger), it was renamed '''Linwood''' on December 20, 1877. Legend has it that one day when the citizens were cutting wood for the church, [[William W. Loring#Antebellum years|Colonel Loring]] suggested they change the name to Linwood, because of the many [[Tilia americana|linden]] trees that grew in the area.  But, according to the Kansas Historical Collections, the community of Stranger had its name changed to Linwood by Senator William A. Harris because of his great appreciation for the Linden trees that were abundant in the vicinity of Stranger Creek.<ref name=":0" />

===Senator Harris===
[[William A. Harris (Kansas)|William A. Harris]] moved to Kansas in 1865 and worked as a civil engineer for the Union Pacific Railroad until 1868, when he moved to Lawrence, Kansas. He was appointed agent for the railroad companies in the sale of the Delaware Reservation and other lands. In 1884, Harris became a prominent citizen of Linwood, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock raising. He bought about {{convert|100|acre|m2}} of land just west of Linwood. On a high hill within sight of the city he built a modest two-story mansion with fifteen rooms, the Harris House. Harris was elected as a Democratic Congressman to the Fifty-third Congress (1893–1895) and as a [[Populist Party (United States)|Populist]] to the U.S. Senate (1897–1903). He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Kansas in 1906. Harris died in 1909, and is buried in [[Lawrence, Kansas]].

===Relocation===
Much of Linwood's commerce came from the sawmills on the river, as the city had grown very near the banks of the [[Kansas River]] (known as the “Kaw” River) that flows eastward to the Missouri. After the 1903 flood damaged and endangered much of Linwood, the city was relocated about one mile (1.6&nbsp;km) north to its present location out of “the bottoms” (as they are still known today) near the river.

===21st century===
[[File:Linwood Elementary (Basehor-Linwood USD 458) Kansas City (Kansas).jpg|thumb|Linwood Elementary School]]
Present-day Linwood is a small city that is accessed mainly from {{jct|state=KS|KS|32}}, as the Golden Road bridge over Stranger Creek collapsed in the early 2000s and has never been rebuilt.  Currently, the city has less than 400 people. Since 2019, numerous new homes have been built drawing new families. Linwood has several businesses including a gas station, tavern, landscaping company, salsa plant and a Dollar General retail store. Linwood is home to one of the Basehor-Linwood Elementary Schools, while the Basehor-Linwood Middle and High Schools are located in [[Basehor, Kansas|Basehor]].

===2019 tornado===
{{See also|Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019}}
On May 28, 2019, an EF4 [[tornado]] with Doppler windspeed measurements of over 187&nbsp;mph struck the outlying areas of the city and severely damaged homes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massive tornado rips through Linwood, Kansas, destroying homes and keeping KC on edge |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/weather-news/article230922503.html |website=[[The Kansas City Star]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529063241/https://www.kansascity.com/news/weather-news/article230922503.html |archivedate=May 29, 2019 |date=May 28, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Storm chaser Reed Timmer successfully shot a rocket into a wedge tornado. The data, he says, is 'incredible.' |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2019/06/06/storm-chaser-reed-timmer-successfully-shot-rocket-into-wedge-tornado-data-he-says-is-incredible/ |access-date=2023-04-27 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> At least 13 injuries were reported due to the storm.  The city itself was spared any major damage, with just the occasional roof damage and loss of trees and fencing.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|0.73|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|0.71|sqmi|sqkm|2}} are land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} are water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2012-07-06 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-07-02 }}</ref>  Linwood is situated along the north bank of the [[Kansas River]].

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=right
|1880= 125
|1890= 306
|1900= 349
|1910= 323
|1920= 364
|1930= 295
|1940= 299
|1950= 261
|1960= 375
|1970= 323
|1980= 343
|1990= 409
|2000= 374
|2010= 375
|2020= 415
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
}}

===2020 census===
The [[2020 United States census]] counted 415 people, 153 households, and 105 families in Linwood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref name=:2020/> The population density was 711.8 per square mile (274.8/km{{sup|2}}). There were 163 housing units at an average density of 279.6 per square mile (107.9/km{{sup|2}}).<ref name=:2020>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20dp1 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2020/geo/gazetter-file.html |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> The racial makeup was 90.84% (377) [[White (U.S. Census)|white]] or [[European American]] (88.19% [[Non-Hispanic White|non-Hispanic white]]), 0.0% (0) [[African American (U.S. Census)|black]] or [[African American|African-American]], 0.48% (2) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]], 0.24% (1) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.24% (1) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]], 0.24% (1) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 7.95% (33) from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P1: RACE |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20p1&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race was 5.3% (22) of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20p2&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

Of the 153 households, 45.8% had children under the age of 18; 51.0% were married couples living together; 17.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 24.2% of households consisted of individuals and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<ref name=:2020/> The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 2.9.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1101?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20s1101%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 9.9% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1501?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20s1501%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

26.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males.<ref name=:2020/> For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 84.8 males.<ref name=:2020/>

The 2016-2020 5-year [[American Community Survey]] estimates show that the median household income was $52,727 (with a margin of error of +/- $12,418) and the median family income was $53,598 (+/- $2,902).<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1903: MEDIAN INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1903?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20s1903%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Males had a median income of $37,500 (+/- $4,179) versus $38,125 (+/- $18,993) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $37,639 (+/- $7,721).<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S2001?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20s2001%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Approximately, 9.7% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 17.8% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those ages 65 or over.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1701?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20s1701%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1702: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF FAMILIES |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1702?q=Linwood%20city,%20Kansas%20s1702&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 375 people, 139 households, and 92 families residing in the city.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|528.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 149 housing units at an average density of {{convert|209.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 92.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 4.0% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 6.9% of the population.

There were 139 households, of which 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 12.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.8% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.14.

The median age in the city was 31.8 years. 27.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.9% were from 25 to 44; 21% were from 45 to 64; and 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 53.3% male and 46.7% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 374 people, 129 households, and 87 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|902.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 146 housing units at an average density of {{convert|352.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 90% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 4% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 8% of the population.

There were 129 households, out of which 45% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32% were non-families. 26% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.9 and the average family size was 3.5.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 35% under the age of 18, 13% from 18 to 24, 30% from 25 to 44, 17% from 45 to 64, and 5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,313, and the median income for a family was $39,125. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $24,896 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,008. About 6.1% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 9.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

==Notable people==
* [[William Alexander Harris (Kansas politician)|William Harris]] (1841–1909), Kansas senator
* [[Charles Journeycake]] (1817–1894), founder of Linwood

==See also==
* [[March 2006 tornado outbreak sequence]]
* [[List of United States tornadoes in April 2009]]
* [[List of United States tornadoes in May 2019]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{See also|Leavenworth County, Kansas#Further reading|l1=List of books about Leavenworth County, Kansas}}

==External links==
* [https://cityoflinwood.org/ City of Linwood]
* [https://www.lkm.org/members/?id=41260843 Linwood - Directory of Public Officials]
* [http://www.linwoodcommunitylibrary.org/ Linwood Library]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110726212641/http://www.kansasguide.org/cities/linwood-kansas/index.html Pictures of Linwood, Kansas]
* [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/city-pdf/linwood.pdf Linwood city map], KDOT

{{Leavenworth County, Kansas}}
{{Kansas City MSA}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Kansas]]
[[Category:Cities in Leavenworth County, Kansas]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1860]]