Editing Lineville, Alabama

{{short description|City in Alabama, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Lineville
| settlement_type          = [[City]]
| image_skyline            = 2022-10-13_Lineville,_AL_-_Welcome_Mural.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = Lineville in 2022
| image_flag               = Flag of Lineville, Alabama.png
| image_seal               = 
| image_blank_emblem       = Logo of Lineville, Alabama.png
| blank_emblem_type        = Logo
| image_map                = File:Clay County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lineville Highlighted 0143264.svg
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Location of Lineville in Clay County, Alabama.
| image_map1               = 
| mapsize1                 = 
| map_caption1             = 
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Alabama|County]]
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_name1        = [[Alabama]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Clay County, Alabama|Clay]]
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| established_date         = 
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_total_km2           = 25.23
| area_total_sq_mi         = 9.74
| area_land_km2            = 25.04
| area_land_sq_mi          = 9.67
| area_water_km2           = 0.19
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.07
| elevation_ft             = 1056
| elevation_m              = 322
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 2489
| population_metro         = 
| population_density_km2   = 99.40
| population_density_sq_mi = 257.45
| timezone                 = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset               = -6
| coordinates              = {{coord|33|18|38|N|85|45|16|W|region:US-AL|display=inline,title}}
| timezone_DST             = CDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -5
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 36266
| area_code                = [[Area code 256|256]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 01-43264
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 0159953
| footnotes                = 
| website                  = {{URL|https://www.cityoflinevilleal.com/}}
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| pop_est_footnotes        = 
| population_est           = 
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_01.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
}}

'''Lineville''' is a city in [[Clay County, Alabama|Clay County]], [[Alabama]], United States. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 2,489.

==History==

[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] were the first to inhabit the area now known as Lineville. The [[Creek War|Creek Indian War of 1813]], however, resulted in their [[Indian Removal Act|removal]]. The first white settlers in the area were William and Thomas Lundie. Their settlement became known as Lundie's Cross Roads after a trading post opened in the 1830s to serve pioneers and miners searching for [[gold]]. In 1856, Lundie's Cross Roads became known as County Line, probably for the Baptist Church, founded in 1848 and located on what was then the boundary line between [[Talladega County, Alabama|Talladega]] and [[Randolph County, Alabama|Randolph]] counties. Also in 1856, a post office was established in County Line, schools were consolidated and [[corn]] and [[cotton]] became cash crops.<ref name="Lineville, Alabama">{{Citation|title=Small Town Historic Markers |publisher=Alabama Tourism Department |url=http://www.alabama.travel/homecoming/ |accessdate=February 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231154937/http://www.alabama.travel/homecoming/ |archivedate=December 31, 2010 }}</ref>

The Town of (Crooked Creek) Lineville was built on what was at that time the dividing line between [[Talladega County, Alabama|Talladega]] and [[Randolph County, Alabama|Randolph]] Counties, hence the name, Lineville. John H. Ingram, Sr. of Lineville, Alabama furnishes the following early history: “Crooked Creek Baptist Church, later Lineville, was organized in 1839 and built one and one quarter miles west of the town of Lineville about 200 yards northwest of the home of Frank Pittard; and the first literary school of the community was nearby. Some years later the church was moved a short distance and a house was built on the left side of the public road near the residence of the late Thomas H. Harris. In about 1863 the church was moved into the town of Lineville and a house built just west of the present grammar school building; the name was changed to Lineville Baptist Church in 1881 and legally incorporated in 1912; the first [[Circuit Court]] that was held in the new County of Clay, was held in the Lineville Baptist Church in 1867, with John Henderson of [[Talladega, Alabama]], as a judge. The present new brick building was built in 1915 and 1916, with the first service held on March 1st, 1916, with prayer and thanksgiving service conducted by J.H. Ingram, Sr., and C.N. James, pastor.”<ref>Some Thoughts on the Bible as the Word of God by SC Ray 1976, Temple Press, USA</ref>

One of the newest attractions in Clay County in the 1920s, was the [[chicken]] business. Millions of chickens and [[chicken egg|eggs]] and long chicken houses In or about 1921, Reverend Secelar Claxton Ray took one hundred, day-old chicks to the Clay County Fair and put them under an oil burning brooder and called attention to the advantage of using chickens on the farm to supplement the ‘all cotton’ cash crop. This was something new, but it did gradually got the attention of the local farmers. He was now fully in the poultry business, and named it Goodwill Poultry Farm and Hatchery. He bought houses then idle at the local [[graphite]] mines in Clay County and hired neighbors in their spare time and built the hatchery and chicken houses and an extra tenant house on the farm, southeast of [[Ashland, Alabama]], whose population of close to one thousand had grown considerably from two hundred in 1881.<ref>''Some Thoughts on the Bible as the Word of God'' by SC Ray 1976, Temple Press, USA</ref>

The [[American Civil War|Civil War]] saw some 56 area men interred in the Old Lineville Cemetery. By the end of the war, [[Confederate States of America dollar|Confederate money]] had become useless and the area suffered hardships. Clay County formed in 1866. The town's name was officially changed to Lineville in 1870 when it became the temporary seat of government for Clay County.<ref name="Lineville, Alabama"/>

The press came to Lineville in 1884. In 1898, Lineville was incorporated, [[graphite]] mining became a major industry and National Bank began operating there. A secondary college opened in Lineville in 1891 with H.J. Willingham, president and first appointed mayor. In 1907 the first railroad began operating in Lineville; the timber and lumber industry expanded; and mandated high schools opened. Lineville received water and electricity in 1917. The Lineville water tank is listed on the [[Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage]].<ref name="Lineville, Alabama"/>

==Geography==
Lineville is located northeast of the center of Clay County at 33°18'45.122" North, 85°45'9.274" West (33.312534, -85.752576).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

Alabama State Routes [[Alabama State Route 9|9]], [[Alabama State Route 48|48]], and [[Alabama State Route 49|49]] are the main routes through the city. AL-9 runs through the downtown area, leading northeast {{convert|28|mi|km|abbr=on}} to [[Heflin, Alabama|Heflin]] along [[Interstate 20 in Alabama|Interstate 20]] and southwest {{convert|6|mi|km|abbr=on}} to [[Ashland, Alabama|Ashland]], the Clay County seat. AL-48 begins in the eastern part of the city and leads east {{convert|16|mi|km|abbr=on}} to [[Wedowee, Alabama|Wedowee]]. AL-49 also runs through the downtown area, leading north {{convert|14|mi|km|abbr=on}} to its end in [[Cheaha State Park]] and south {{convert|17|mi|km|abbr=on}} to [[Goldville, Alabama|Goldville]].

According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|23.3|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|23.2|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.2|km2|order=flip|2}}, or 0.77%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0143264| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212164503/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0143264| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Lineville city, Alabama| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref>

Lineville was named for its location on what was then the border between [[Talladega County, Alabama|Talladega]] and [[Randolph County, Alabama|Randolph]] counties.

Alabama's highest point, [[Mount Cheaha]], is located {{convert|18|mi}} north of Lineville via Alabama Highway 49.

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Lineville has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (abbreviated ''Cfa'').

{{Weather box
|location = Lineville, 1991–2020 simulated normals (1050 ft elevation)
|collapsed = 
|single line = y
|precipitation colour  =green
|Jan precipitation mm  =140.17
|Feb precipitation mm  =134.57
|Mar precipitation mm  =143.39
|Apr precipitation mm  =124.24
|May precipitation mm  =117.69
|Jun precipitation mm  =123.54
|Jul precipitation mm  =117.31
|Aug precipitation mm  =118.51
|Sep precipitation mm  =100.52
|Oct precipitation mm  =86.01
|Nov precipitation mm  =122.96
|Dec precipitation mm  =146.82
|Jan high C = 12.1
|Feb high C = 14.1
|Mar high C = 18.6
|Apr high C = 22.8
|May high C = 26.6
|Jun high C = 30.0
|Jul high C = 31.5
|Aug high C = 31.1
|Sep high C = 28.5
|Oct high C = 23.6
|Nov high C = 17.9
|Dec high C = 13.3
|Jan mean C  =5.9
|Feb mean C  =7.7
|Mar mean C  =11.5
|Apr mean C  =15.7
|May mean C  =20.0
|Jun mean C  =23.8
|Jul mean C  =25.6
|Aug mean C  =25.3
|Sep mean C  =22.2
|Oct mean C  =16.6
|Nov mean C  =10.9
|Dec mean C  =7.3
|Jan low C = -0.2
|Feb low C = 1.4
|Mar low C = 4.5
|Apr low C = 8.5
|May low C = 13.3
|Jun low C = 17.7
|Jul low C = 19.8
|Aug low C = 19.5
|Sep low C = 16.0
|Oct low C = 9.6
|Nov low C = 4.0
|Dec low C = 1.3
|Jan dew point C =0.8
|Feb dew point C =2.3
|Mar dew point C =5.3
|Apr dew point C =9.5
|May dew point C =14.9
|Jun dew point C =19.0
|Jul dew point C =20.8
|Aug dew point C =20.5
|Sep dew point C =17.6
|Oct dew point C =11.7
|Nov dew point C =5.8
|Dec dew point C =2.8
|source 1 = Prism Climate Group<ref>{{cite web
 | url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/
 | title=PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University
 | publisher=Northwest Alliance for Computational Science & Engineering (NACSE), based at Oregon State University
 | access-date=March 14, 2023}}</ref>
 | date=March 14, 2023}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1890= 234
|1900= 211
|1910= 1053
|1920= 1507
|1930= 1329
|1940= 1300
|1950= 1548
|1960= 1612
|1970= 1984
|1980= 2257
|1990= 2394
|2000= 2401
|2010= 2395
|2020= 2489
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 6, 2013}}</ref><br>2013 Estimate<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013|accessdate=June 3, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522161634/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|archivedate=May 22, 2014}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Lineville racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US0143264&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 18, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|1,418
|56.97%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|819
|32.9%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|5
|0.2%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|2
|0.08%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
|2
|0.08%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|120
|4.82%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|123
|4.94%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 2,489 people, 899 households, and 600 families residing in the city.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 14, 2015|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2010, there were 2,395 people, 967 households, and 655 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|268|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,119 housing units at an average density of {{convert|122|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 58.6% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 36.9% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.2% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.0% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.5% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.6% from two or more races. 4.6% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 967 households, out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 21.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,778, and the median income for a family was $35,179. Males had a median income of $31,639 versus $26,964 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,952. About 30.1% of families and 28.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
Lineville Academy began in 1856. The first red school house was built soon after with an additional school added later. The Lineville Institute opened in 1883 but closed a year later in 1884.<ref>History of Clay County, Glanda Garrett Ingram, Progressive Study Club, 1986</ref>

[[Lineville College]], a [[coeducational]] institution for white students, was founded in 1890 in Lineville,<ref>{{cite book| author1=Harry Thurston Pech| author2=Selim Hobart Peabody| author3=Charles Francis Richardson| title=The International Cyclopædia: A Compendium of Human Knowledge. Revised with Large Additions| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAMoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815| year=1900| publisher=Dodd, Mead| page=815}}</ref> incorporated in 1891<ref>{{cite book| author=Alabama| title=Alabama Laws and Joint Resolutions of the Legislature of Alabama| url=https://archive.org/details/actsgeneralasse08unkngoog| year=1891| publisher=J. Boardman| page=[https://archive.org/details/actsgeneralasse08unkngoog/page/n717 712]}}</ref> and disestablished in 1903.<ref>{{cite book| author=United States. Office of Education| title=Annual report| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1joXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1347| year=1903| publisher=U.S. Govt. Print. Off.| page=1347}}</ref>

In 1917, the old Springhill Black School was replaced with a new building named Clay County Training School. In 1929, during the Great Depression, Lineville families lost farms and many businesses failed. A new factory began operation in Lineville in 1946 and in 1949, a new hospital was built there.<ref name="Lineville, Alabama"/>

==Notable people==
* [[Robert Daniel Carmichael]], mathematician for whom [[Carmichael number]]s are named, attended Lineville College<ref>{{cite book| author=Thomas Koshy| title=Elementary Number Theory with Applications| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5Z5I3gnFh0C&pg=PA339| date=May 8, 2007| publisher=Academic Press| isbn=978-0-08-054709-1| page=339}}</ref>
* [[Byron Lavoy Cockrell]], rocket scientist and engineer
* [[Joe F. Edwards, Jr.]], astronaut
* [[Flem Walker|Flem B. Walker, Jr.]], U.S. Army Three Star General  <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/redstone-arsenal-lt-general-retires-after-35-years-of-military-service/ar-AA11htrR | title=Redstone Arsenal Lt. General retires after 35 years of military service | website=[[MSN]] }}</ref>

==Gallery==

<gallery>
2022-10-13_Lineville,_AL_-_City_Hall.jpg|Lineville City Hall
2022-10-13_Lineville,_AL_-_Post_Office.jpg|Lineville Post Office ([[ZIP code]]: 36266)
Lineville Alabama.JPG|Lineville City Library
2022-10-13_Lineville,_AL_-_Fire_Department.jpg|Lineville Fire Department
2022-10-13_Lineville,_AL_-_Police_Department.jpg|Lineville Police Department
2022-10-13_Lineville,_AL_-_Water_Tower_002.jpg|Lineville Water Tower
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cityoflineville.com/ City of Lineville official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922095144/http://cityoflineville.com/ |date=September 22, 2017 }}

{{Commons}}
{{Clay County, Alabama}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Alabama]]
[[Category:Cities in Clay County, Alabama]]