Editing Liliopsida

{{Short description|Class of flowering plants}}
[[File:LiliumJankaeBulgaria1.jpg|thumb|]]
'''Liliopsida''' <small>[[Batsch]]</small> ([[synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]]: '''Liliatae'''){{sfn|Clifford|1977}} is a [[botanical name]] for the [[Class (biology)|class]] containing the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Liliaceae]] (or Lily Family). It is considered synonymous (or nearly synonymous) with the name [[monocotyledon]]. Publication of the name is credited to Scopoli (in 1760): see [[author citation (botany)]]. This name is formed by replacing the termination ''-aceae'' in the name [[Liliaceae]] by the termination ''-opsida'' (Art 16 of the [[ICBN]]).

Although in principle it is true that circumscription of this class will vary with the [[list of systems of plant taxonomy|taxonomic system]] being used, in practice this name is very strongly linked to the [[Cronquist system]], and the allied [[Takhtajan system]]. These two are the only major systems to use the name, and in both these systems it refers to the group more widely known as the [[monocotyledon]]s. Earlier systems referred to this group by the name Monocotyledones, with Monocotyledoneae an earlier spelling (these names may be used in any [[rank (botany)|rank]]).  Systems such as the [[Dahlgren system|Dahlgren]] and [[Thorne system]]s (more recent than the Takhtajan and Cronquist systems) refer to this group by the name [[Liliidae]] (a name in the rank of subclass). Modern systems, such as the [[APG system|APG]] and [[APG II system]]s refer to this group by the name [[monocots]] (a name for a [[clade]]). Therefore, in practice the name Liliopsida will almost surely refer to the usage as in the Cronquist system.

In summary the monocotyledons were named:
* [[Monocotyledoneae]] in the de Candolle system and the [[Engler system]].
* [[Monocotyledones]] in the [[Bentham & Hooker system]] and the [[Wettstein system]]
* class Liliatae{{sfn|Takhtajan|1966}} and later Liliopsida{{sfn|Takhtajan|2009|loc=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9609-9_3 Liliopsida pp.&nbsp;589–590]}} in the [[Takhtajan system|Takhtajan]]
* class Liliopsida in the [[Cronquist system]] (also in the [[Reveal system]]).
* subclass [[Liliidae]] in the [[Dahlgren system]] and the [[Thorne system (1992)]]
* clade [[monocots]] in the [[APG system]], the [[APG II system]] and the [[APG III system]].
Each of the systems mentioned above use their own internal taxonomy for the group.

==Liliopsida in the Takhtajan system==
The [[Takhtajan system]] used this internal taxonomy:

* class Liliopsida [ = monocotyledons]
*: subclass [[Liliidae]]
*:: superorder [[Lilianae]]
*:: superorder [[Dioscoreanae]]
*: subclass [[Commelinidae]]
*:: superorder [[Bromelianae]]
*:: superorder [[Pontederianae]]
*:: superorder [[Zingiberanae]]
*:: superorder [[Commelinanae]]
*:: superorder [[Hydatellanae]]
*:: superorder [[Juncanae]]
*:: superorder [[Poanae]]
*: subclass [[Arecidae]]
*:: superorder [[Arecanae]]
*: subclass [[Alismatidae]]
*:: superorder [[Alismatanae]]
*: subclass [[Triurididae]]
*:: superorder [[Triuridanae]]
*: subclass [[Aridae]]'
*:: superorder [[Aranae]]
*:: superorder [[Cyclanthanae]]
*:: superorder [[Pandananae]]
*:: superorder [[Typhanae]]

==Liliopsida in the Cronquist system==
The internal taxonomy in the [[Cronquist system]] is:

* class Liliopsida [ = monocotyledons]
*: subclass [[Alismatidae]]
*:: order [[Pandanales|Cyclanthales]]
*:: order [[Arales]]
*: subclass [[Commelinidae]]
*:: order [[Commelinales]]
*:: order [[Eriocaulales]]
*:: order [[Restionales]]
*:: order [[Juncales]]
*:: order [[Cyperales]]
*:: order [[Hydatellales]]
*:: order [[Typhales]]
*: subclass [[Zingiberidae]]
*:: order [[Bromeliales]]
*:: order [[Zingiberales]]
*: subclass [[Liliidae]]
*:: order [[Liliales]]
*:: order [[Orchidales]]

==Liliopsida in the Reveal system==
The internal taxonomy in the [[Reveal system]] is:

* class 3. Liliopsida
*: subclass 1. [[Alismatidae]]
*:: superorder 1. [[Butomanae]]
*:: superorder 2. [[Alismatanae]]
*: subclass 2. [[Triurididae]]
*: subclass 3. [[Aridae]]
*:: superorder 1. [[Acoranae]]
*:: superorder 2. [[Aranaea]]
*:: superorder 3. [[Cyclanthanae]]
*:: superorder 4. [[Pandananae]]
*: subclass 4. [[Liliidae]]
*: subclass 5. [[Arecidae]]
*:: superorder 1. [[Arecanae]]
*: subclass 6. [[Commelinidae]]
*:: superorder 1. [[Bromelianae]]
*:: superorder 2. [[Pontederianae]]
*:: superorder 3. [[Commelinanae]]
*:: superorder 4. [[Hydatellanae]]
*:: superorder 5. [[Typhanae]]
*:: superorder 6. [[Juncanae]]
*: subclass 7. [[Zingiberidae]]
*:: superorder 1. [[Zingiberanae]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|25em}}
* {{cite book|last1=Clifford|first1=H. T.|title=Quantitative studies of inter-relationships amongst the Liliatae|url={{Google books|UkrtCAAAQBAJ|page=88|plainurl=yes}}|pages=77–96|year=1977}} in {{Harvtxt|Kubitzki|1977}}
* {{cite book|last1=Takhtajan|first1=Armen Leonovich|author-link=Takhtajan|chapter=Lilianae|title=Система и филогения цветкорых растений (Sistema i filogeniia tsvetkovykh rastenii)|trans-title= Systema et Phylogemia Magnoliophytorum |chapter-url={{Google books|xljPEon9Qy0C|page=473|plainurl=yes}}|date= 1966|page=473|access-date=14 August 2015|language=ru|publisher=Наука|location = Moscow|others = trans. C Jeffrey, as ''Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal'', Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 1969.|isbn= 978-0-05-001715-9 }}
* {{cite journal|author = A. Takhtajan|year = 1980|title = Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophya)|journal = Botanical Review|volume =  46|pages = 225–359|doi = 10.1007/BF02861558|issue = 3| s2cid=30764910 |author-link = Armen Takhtajan}}
* {{cite book |last=Takhtajan |first=Armen Leonovich |author-link=Takhtadzhi︠a︡n|title=Flowering Plants |year=2009 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4020-9609-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oumyfO-NHuUC|access-date=7 January 2014}}
* {{cite book|last=Singh|first=Gurcharan|title=Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach|year=2004|publisher=Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-57808-351-0|chapter-url={{Google books|In_Lv8iMt24C|page=269|plainurl=yes}}|chapter=Armen Takhtajan|pages=269–277|access-date=23 January 2014}}
* {{cite book|last1=Takhtajan|first1=Armen|title=Evolutionary trends in flowering plants|date=1991|publisher=Columbia Univ. Press|location=New York|isbn=9780231073288|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c11HBwElG-4C}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Kubitzki|editor1-first=Klaus|editor-link=Klaus Kubitzki|title=Flowering Plants : Evolution and classification of higher categories. Symposium, Hamburg, September 8–12, 1976. Plant Systematics & Evolution - Supplementum 1|date=1977|publisher=Springer|location=Wien|isbn=9783211814345|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkrtCAAAQBAJ|pages=416|access-date=13 August 2015}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=any&subview=map&taxon_id=47163 Liliopsida observations on iNaturalist]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1147601}}

[[Category:Liliaceae]]
[[Category:Monocots]]
[[Category:Plant classes]]