Editing Liberal arts college

{{Short description|College with an emphasis on the liberal arts and sciences}}{{Distinguish|College of arts and sciences}}[[File:Smith Clock Tower view.jpg|thumb|[[Pomona College]] in [[Claremont, California]]]]
[[File:Ashesi's_Archer_Cornfield_Courtyard.jpg|thumb|[[Ashesi University]] in [[Accra, Ghana]]]]
A '''liberal arts college''' or '''liberal arts institution of higher education''' is a [[college]] with an emphasis on [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]] study in the [[Liberal arts education|liberal arts]] of humanities and science. Such colleges aim to impart a broad general knowledge and develop general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional or vocational [[curriculum]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Liberal Arts: Encyclopædia Britannica Concise|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9370154/liberal-arts|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215125843/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9370154/liberal-arts|archive-date=2008-02-15}}</ref> Students in a liberal arts college generally major in a particular discipline while receiving exposure to a wide range of academic subjects, including general sciences as well as the traditional [[humanities]] subjects taught as liberal arts. Although it draws on European antecedents,{{sfn|Harriman|1935}} the liberal arts college is strongly associated with [[Higher education in the United States|American higher education]], and most liberal arts colleges around the world draw explicitly on the [[Liberal arts colleges in the United States|American model]].

There is no formal definition of a liberal arts college, but one American authority defines them as schools that "emphasize undergraduate education and award at least half of their degrees in the liberal arts fields of study".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-liberal-arts-colleges |work=U.S. News & World Report |title=National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings |access-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821213346/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-liberal-arts-colleges |archive-date=2016-08-21 }}</ref> Other researchers have adopted similar definitions.{{sfn|Clemmer|1997|p=73}}

Although many liberal arts colleges are exclusively undergraduate, some also offer [[Graduate school|graduate]] programs that lead to a [[master's degree]] or [[Doctorate|doctoral degree]] in subjects such as [[English studies|English]], [[Biology|general biology]], [[fine arts]], and [[law]]. Similarly, the term "liberal arts college" most commonly refers to an independent institution with a specialty in non-vocational coursework. It may also sometimes refer to a [[university college]] within or affiliated with a larger university. Most liberal arts colleges outside the United States follow this model.

==Distinguishing characteristics==
[[File:Shimer_College_art_discussion.jpg|thumb|Discussion class at [[Shimer College]] in Chicago ({{circa|1998}} to 2006)]]
Liberal arts colleges are distinguished from other types of higher education chiefly by their generalist curricula and small size. These attributes have various secondary effects in terms of administration as well as student experience.{{sfn|Bonvillian|Murphy|1996|pp=29-30}} For example, [[class size]] is usually much lower at liberal arts colleges than at universities, and faculty at liberal arts colleges typically focus on teaching more than research.{{sfn|Clemmer|1997|p=78}}

From a student perspective, a liberal arts college typically differs from other forms of higher education in the following areas: higher overall student satisfaction, a general feeling that professors take a personal interest in the student's education, and perception of encouragement to participate in discussion.{{sfn|Bonvillian|Murphy|1996|p=30}} Many students select liberal arts colleges with precisely this sense of personal connection in mind.{{sfn|Bonvillian|Murphy|1996|p=30}}

From an administrative standpoint, the small size of liberal arts colleges contributes to their cohesion and ability to survive through difficult times.{{sfn|Bonvillian|Murphy|1996|p=29}} Job satisfaction is also typically higher in liberal arts colleges, for both faculty and staff.{{sfn|Clemmer|1997|p=77}} The smaller size also makes it feasible for liberal arts colleges to adopt relatively experimental or divergent approaches, such as the [[Great Books]] curriculum at [[St. John's College (Annapolis)|St. John's]] or [[Shimer College|Shimer]], or the radically [[interdisciplinary]] curriculum of [[Marlboro College|Marlboro]].

In addition, most liberal arts colleges are primarily residential,{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} which means students live and learn away from home, often for the first time.

The distinctiveness of these attributes is somewhat eroded by the tendency of universities to adopt aspects of the liberal arts college, and vice versa.{{sfn|Thelin|2004|p=295}} For example, several American universities, including the [[University of California]] campuses in [[University of California, Santa Cruz|Santa Cruz]] and [[University of California, San Diego|San Diego]], developed a cluster colleges model in which small liberal-arts-college-like units within a larger university form a "honeycomb of [[residential college]]s".{{sfn|Thelin|2004|pp=295-296}} In addition, some universities have maintained a sub-unit that preserves many aspects of the liberal arts college, such as [[Columbia College, Columbia University|Columbia College]] within Columbia University.{{sfn|Thelin|2004|p=295}}

Liberal arts colleges themselves sometimes cluster to offer greater curricular breadth or share other resources (for instance [[Colgate University]] and [[Hamilton College]] in New York allow cross enrollment).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cross-Registration Guidelines|url=https://www.newyork6.org/sites/default/files/NYSixCrossRegistrationGuidelines_0.pdf|access-date=December 28, 2020}}</ref>

== Liberal arts and liberal arts college ==
In academia, liberal arts generally refer to subjects or skills that aim to provide general knowledge and comprise the arts, humanities, general sciences, and social sciences (rather than professional or technical skills).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/liberal-arts|title=the definition of liberal arts|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2016-10-21|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017123320/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/liberal-arts|archive-date=2016-10-17}}</ref> Most liberal arts colleges, however, also offer courses in subjects that are not traditionally considered part of the liberal arts, such as computer science.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Distinctively American: The Residential Liberal Arts Colleges|last=Cech|first=Thomas|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=2000|isbn=0765807211|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/distinctivelyame0000unse}}</ref>

==Globally==
[[File:Mount Allison campus image.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Allison University]] has been ranked the top undergraduate school in Canada more times than any other university<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Allison University: Tuition and Profile |url=https://www.macleans.ca/schools/mount-allison-university/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Macleans.ca |language=en}}</ref>]]
Liberal arts colleges are found in all parts of the world. Notwithstanding the European origins of the concept of liberal arts education,{{sfn|Harriman|1935}} today the term is largely associated with the United States, and most self-identified liberal arts colleges worldwide are built on the American model.<ref name="abroad-inside">{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/02/16/liberalarts|date=2009-02-16|work=Inside Higher Ed|first=Elizabeth|last=Redden|access-date=2015-01-08|title=The Liberal Arts, Abroad|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110064507/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/02/16/liberalarts|archive-date=2015-01-10}}</ref> The Global Liberal Arts Alliance, which incorporates institutions on five continents, refers to itself as "an international, multilateral partnership of American style liberal arts institutions".<ref name="glaa">{{Cite web|url=http://liberalartsalliance.org/home|title=Global Liberal Arts Alliance|access-date=2015-01-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109025412/http://liberalartsalliance.org/home|archive-date=2015-01-09}}</ref>

In 2009, liberal arts colleges from around the world formed the [[Global Liberal Arts Alliance]], an international consortium and "matching service" to help liberal arts colleges in different countries deal with their shared problems.<ref name="glaa-inside">{{Cite news|work=Inside Higher Ed|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/04/06/liberalarts|access-date=2015-01-08|date=2009-04-06|first=Elizabeth|last=Redden|title=A Global Liberal Arts Alliance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110063627/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/04/06/liberalarts|archive-date=2015-01-10}}</ref>

Keep in mind, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' no longer provides rankings for liberal arts colleges at "global" universities. These colleges are members of the top 2,000 universities ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranks around the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=How U.S. News Calculated the 2022–2023 Best Global Universities Subject Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/articles/subject-rankings-methodology?rec-type=blueshift |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=usnews.com |publisher=us news}}</ref>

===In North America===

{{main|Liberal arts colleges in the United States}}
[[File:2018_Williams_Class_Day_(41925819484).jpg|thumb|[[Williams College]] is one of the top ranked liberal arts college in the United States<ref name=":0" />]]
The liberal arts college model took root in the United States in the 19th century, as institutions spread that followed the model of early schools like [[Harvard College|Harvard]], [[Yale College|Yale]], and [[Dartmouth College|Dartmouth]], although none of these early American schools are regarded as liberal arts colleges today.{{sfn|Bonvillian|Murphy|1996|p=21}} These colleges served as a means of spreading a basically European cultural model across the new country.{{sfn|Bonvillian|Murphy|1996|p=21}} The model proliferated in the 19th century; some 212 small liberal arts colleges were established between 1850 and 1899.{{sfn|Bonvillian|Murphy|1996|p=23}} As of 1987, there were about 540 liberal arts colleges in the United States.{{sfn|Clemmer|1997|p=73}}

The oldest liberal arts college in America is considered to be [[Washington College]], the first college chartered after American independence. Other prominent examples in the United States include the so-called [[Little Ivy]] colleges in [[New England]], the surviving predominantly female [[Seven Sisters colleges]] along the northeastern seaboard, the [[Claremont Colleges]] in [[Southern California]], and the [[Five Colleges of Ohio|Ohio Five]], but similar institutions are found all over the country. The [[Maple League]] in [[Canada]] is a consortium of four universities – [[Acadia University|Acadia]], [[Bishop's University|Bishop's]], [[Mount Allison University|Mount Allison]] and [[St. Francis Xavier University|St. Francis Xavier]] – who together form an alliance of small, rural, undergraduate liberal arts education institutions with [[Francophone Canadians|Francophone]] heritage and a commitment to truth and reconciliation with indigenous communities.

Most liberal arts colleges are private institutions, but a handful of public liberal arts schools exist (such as the [[University of Mary Washington]] in Fredericksburg, Virginia).

According to ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', the top ten ranked Liberal Arts Colleges in America for 2022 were: [[Williams College]], [[Amherst College]], [[Swarthmore College]], [[Pomona College]], [[Wellesley College]], [[Bowdoin College]], [[United States Naval Academy]], [[Claremont McKenna College]], [[Carleton College]], and [[Middlebury College]], based on institutional stats and proprietary questionnaires .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=2021 Best National Liberal Arts Colleges|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-liberal-arts-colleges|access-date=July 22, 2022}}</ref>

Liberal arts colleges in Canada include [[Acadia University]], [[Bishop's University]], [[Glendon College]] of [[York University]], [[Mount Allison University]], [[St. Francis Xavier University]], [[St. Thomas University (Canada)|St. Thomas University]], [[Trent University]], [[University of Lethbridge]], and the [[University of King's College]].

===In South America===

The leading organization is the National Institute of Educators of Liberal Arts and Artistic Education "Instituto Nacional Superior del Profesorado en Artes" located in [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina, initially created in 1923 by [[Ernesto de la Cárcova]], under the name "Escuela Nacional Superior de Bellas Artes", the original school of Liberal Arts building became the [[Ernesto de la Cárcova Museum of Reproductions and Comparative Sculpture|Ernesto de la Cárcova Museum]]. From 1983 to 2013 the institute was part of the IUNA National University Institute for the Arts, and since 2014, the Ruanova Institute of Performing Arts and Higher Education, named after [[María Ruanova|Maria Ruanova]], became part of the [[Instituto Universitario Nacional del Arte|UNA Universidad Nacional de las Artes]], (UNA) National University of the Arts<ref name="Marianela">{{Cite news |date=7 June 2011 |title=Marianela Núñez: Premio María Ruanova – En su país reconocen su trayectoria |url=http://www.danzahoy.com/home/2011/06/en-su-pais-reconocen-su-trayectoria/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://movimiento.iuna.edu.ar/contenidos/208-historia |title=Historia |access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref>

===In Europe===
[[File:Seminar Bard College Berlin, 2013.jpg|thumb|Class at [[Bard College Berlin]], in Europe]]

With the exception of pioneering institutions such as [[Franklin University Switzerland]], established as a Europe-based, US-style liberal arts college in 1969, [[Saint Louis University Madrid Campus]], established in 1967, and [[Richmond, The American International University in London]], established in 1972<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fus.edu/about-franklin/|title=About Franklin|work=Franklin University Switzerland Official Web Site|publisher=Franklin University Switzerland|access-date=2014-07-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408064857/http://www.fus.edu/about-franklin|archive-date=2014-04-08}}</ref> only recently have efforts been made to import the American liberal arts college model to Europe.

In the Netherlands, universities have opened constituent liberal arts colleges under the terminology "[[:Category:Liberal arts colleges at universities in the Netherlands|university college]]" since the late 1990s. This trend was spearheaded by Dutch sociologist [[Hans Adriaansens]], who was "frustrated with the large-scale climate of university education in the Netherlands".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Integral Development: Realising the Transformative Potential of Individuals |first1=Ronnie |last1=Lessem|last2=Schieffer|first2=Alexander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMqaBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA478|page=478|isbn=9781409423539|year=2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing }}</ref> Dutch university colleges of this kind include [[Leiden University College The Hague]], [[University College Utrecht]], [[University College Maastricht]], [[Amsterdam University College]], [[University College Roosevelt]], [[Erasmus University College]], [[University College Groningen]] and [[Liberal Arts and Sciences at Tilburg University|University College Tilburg]].

Other liberal arts colleges in continental Europe include [[The American University of Paris]], [[Bratislava International School of Liberal Arts]] in Slovakia, [[Jacobs University Bremen]], [[Bard College Berlin]], the [[Leuphana University of Lüneburg]] with their Bachelor program Studium Individuale and the University College Freiburg in Germany. Bard College Berlin was founded in Berlin in 1999 as the European College of Liberal Arts,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expatica.com/de/education/higher_education/berlins-sturdiest-ivory-tower-8661_10047.html?ppager=0 |title=Berlin's sturdiest ivory tower |publisher=Expatica.com |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217223928/http://www.expatica.com/de/education/higher_education/berlins-sturdiest-ivory-tower-8661_10047.html?ppager=0 |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref> and in 2009 it introduced a 4-year Bachelor of Arts program in Value Studies taught in English and leading to an interdisciplinary degree in the humanities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20090313110639526 |title=Germany: New approach to liberal studies |publisher=Universityworldnews.com |date=15 March 2009 |access-date=26 August 2013}}</ref> In the Czech Republic, the [[Faculty of Humanities, Charles University]], a part of [[Charles University]] started providing liberal arts education in 1994 as the Institute for Liberal Education and gained full academic autonomy in 2000.

Although liberal arts colleges as such remain rare, liberal arts degree programs are beginning to establish themselves in Europe. For example, University College Dublin offers the degree, as does [[St. Mary's University College (Belfast)|St. Marys University College Belfast]], both institutions coincidentally on the island of Ireland. In 2010 the University of Winchester introduced its Modern Liberal Arts<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.winchester.ac.uk/mla |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525043134/http://www.winchester.ac.uk/Studyhere/Pages/ba-hons-modern-liberal-arts-philosophy.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2017 |title=BA (Hons) Modern Liberal Arts |publisher=University of Winchester |access-date=26 August 2013 }}</ref> undergraduate program, the first of its kind in the UK. In 2012, [[University College London]] began its interdisciplinary [[UCL Arts and Sciences|Arts and Sciences]] BASc degree (which has kinship with the liberal arts model) with 80 students.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/basc |title=Arts and Sciences (BASc) programmes |publisher=University College London |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929031940/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/basc |archive-date=29 September 2013 }}</ref> [[King's College London]] launched the BA Liberal Arts, which has a slant towards arts, humanities and social sciences subjects.<ref>{{cite web |title=KCL – About Liberal Arts |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/depts/liberal/index.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107074021/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/depts/liberal/index.aspx |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=15 January 2014}}</ref> The [[New College of the Humanities]] also launched a new liberal education programme. The four-year bachelor's degree in Liberal Arts and Sciences at University College Freiburg is the first of its kind in Germany. It started in October 2012 with 78 students.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucf.uni-freiburg.de/las |title=Liberal Arts and Sciences Program (LAS) |website=University College Freiburg |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820031719/http://www.ucf.uni-freiburg.de/las |archive-date=20 August 2013 }}</ref> The first Liberal Arts degree program in [[Sweden]] was established at [[Gothenburg]] University in 2011,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flov.gu.se/utbildning/grundniva/liberal-arts/ |title=Liberal Arts, Gothenburg University |publisher=Flov.gu.se |date=22 May 2013 |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102031149/http://www.flov.gu.se/utbildning/grundniva/liberal-arts/ |archive-date=2 November 2013 }}</ref> followed by a Liberal Arts Bachelor Programme at [[Uppsala University]]'s Campus [[Gotland]] in the autumn of 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uu.se/utbildning/utbildningar/selma/program/?pKod=HLA1K&lasar=13/14|title=Liberal Arts Programme at Uppsala University|website=uu.se|access-date=29 April 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630163906/http://www.uu.se/utbildning/utbildningar/selma/program/?pKod=HLA1K&lasar=13%2F14|archive-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> Liberal arts colleges in Italy include [[John Cabot University]] and [[The American University of Rome]] in Rome. The University College of North Staffordshire, founded in 1950 in the United Kingdom, was frequently referred to as the "Keele Experiment" because of its innovative curriculum and emphasis on a scholarly community resident together on campus. The college became [[Keele University]] in 1962 and continues to reflect many features of the liberal arts college model. It has been described as the closest example of a liberal arts college in the UK. This distinctiveness was reinforced with the opening of the new Keele Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences in 2016.

In September 2016 [[Chavagnes Studium]], a Liberal Arts centre in France, began offering a 2-year intensive BA in the Liberal Arts with a Catholic perspective.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chavagnes.org/studium |title=The Chavagnes Studium &#124; Catholic Liberal Arts Centre |access-date=2015-10-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003132808/http://chavagnes.org/studium/ |archive-date=2015-10-03 }}</ref>

===In Asia===
[[File:Entrance_to_ICU_in_spring.jpg|thumb|[[International Christian University]] in Japan]]
[[File:Habib_University_5.jpg|thumb|[[Habib University]] in Karachi]]
[[Lingnan University (Hong Kong)|Lingnan University]] in [[Hong Kong]] was established as a liberal arts college in the early 20th century, although it subsequently became a full-fledged [[university]]. [[Ginling College]] in Nanjing similarly followed the model of an American liberal arts college from its founding in 1915 until forced to conform with the Nationalist educational system in the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Making of a Family Saga: Ginling College|first=Jin|last=Feng|year=2010|isbn=9781438429120|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bc5vyn6OVEsC&pg=PA247|page=247|publisher=State University of New York Press }}</ref> In Zhuhai City, [[Hong Kong Baptist University]] and [[Beijing Normal University]] opened [[United International College]], which adopted the liberal arts college education system.

[[International Christian University]] in [[Tokyo]], which opened in 1953, defines itself as "Japan's first liberal arts college".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icu.ac.jp/en/about/president/message.html|first=Junko|last=Hibiya|title=A Message from the President: Looking Into 'Issues of Living'|access-date=2015-01-08|publisher=International Christian University|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108045435/http://www.icu.ac.jp/en/about/president/message.html|archive-date=2015-01-08}}</ref> Other Japanese liberal arts programs include the other four members of the Global Five which includes [[School of International Liberal Studies]] at [[Waseda University]], [[Akita International University]], [[Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University]] and [[Sophia University]]'s Faculty of Liberal Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asia.nikkei.com/print/article/7479 |title='Global' grads in demand at Japanese companies |access-date=2014-07-29 |archive-date=2014-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729080105/http://asia.nikkei.com/print/article/7479 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Yale-NUS College]] was started in 2011 as [[Singapore]]'s first liberal arts college as a collaboration between [[Yale University]] in the United States and the [[National University of Singapore]].<ref>{{multiref2|1={{cite magazine|title=Yale NUS College| magazine =NUS Bulletin |id=Academic Year 2013–14|date=3 April 2014|url=https://www.nus.edu.sg/registrar/docs/info/nusbulletin/AY201314_YaleNUS.pdf}}|2={{cite news |date=April 1, 2011 |title=Yale-NUS College to start accepting applications next year |work=The Business Times|page=10 |via=National University of Singapore}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023430/http://newshub.nus.edu.sg/news/1104/PDF/YNC-bt-1apr-p10.pdf |date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2015-03-10 }} }}</ref> It attracted controversy over concerns that Yale was compromising on its liberal values by opening a college in a country where there are strong curbs on freedom of speech and assembly, with Yale faculty members expressing their "concern regarding the history of lack of respect for civil and political rights in the state of Singapore".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1299796/yale-opens-controversial-college-singapore |title=Yale opens controversial college in Singapore |date=27 August 2013 |access-date=2015-03-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403014814/http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1299796/yale-opens-controversial-college-singapore |archive-date=2015-04-03 }}</ref> In response, many existing faculty and students have noted that there has been little repression of freedom of expression at the college and that it provides a great opportunity to promote the liberal arts in Asia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Simon|first1=Stephanie|title=Yale under fire for new campus in restrictive Singapore|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-education-yale-singapore-idUSBRE8BS03320121229|access-date=23 November 2016|work=Reuters|date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827155917/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-education-yale-singapore-idUSBRE8BS03320121229|archive-date=27 August 2016}}</ref> In August 2021, NUS announced the closure of Yale-NUS College, with the Class of 2025 being the last cohort to receive an NUS degree. It will be replaced by NUS College, a merger between Yale-NUS College and the NUS University Scholars Programme.

[[Kalayaan College]] in the Philippines is one of the best examples of a liberal arts college in the country. Located in the [[New Manila]] district of [[Quezon City]], it was founded in 2000 by former educators from the [[University of the Philippines]] led by [[José Abueva]], President of the University from 1987 to 1993 and current Chairman of the KC Board of Trustees. It offers the same kind of education provided by UP to qualified students who are unable to enter the country's premier state university because of its limited college quotas.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to get a virtual UP education – Philstar.com |url=http://www.philstar.com/business/578687/how-get-virtual-education |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703151805/http://www.philstar.com/business/578687/how-get-virtual-education |archive-date=3 July 2017 |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=philstar.com}}</ref> The curriculum and grading system is patterned after the academic programs and the grade structure offered by the [[University of the Philippines]] and is composed of administrators and faculty members who graduated from UP, and/or are also members of the UP academic community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pinoyexchange.com/forums/showthread.php?t=51716 |title=Kalayaan College &#124; the Academe &#124; PinoyExchange |access-date=2015-08-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073805/http://www.pinoyexchange.com/forums/showthread.php?t=51716 |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref>

[[Sogang University]] was founded as [[South Korea]]'s first liberal arts college. In 1960, Jesuits founded Sogang College. Although, it became [[Sogang University]] in 1970, it is still following model of American liberal arts college in many aspects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.veritas-a.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=45783|access-date=2021-08-06|website=veritas-a.com|language=ko|title=조용히 변혁을 이끄는 선 굵은 유기풍 서강대 총장.. '올 코트 프레싱' |date=19 August 2015 }}</ref> [[Seoul National University]] in South Korea established the College of Liberal Studies in 2007, initially as an educational project. However, after being established as a proper college in the SNU, it has become the only college that allows students to create their own major.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://cls.snu.ac.kr/en/node/57|access-date=2021-06-28|website=cls.snu.ac.kr|language=ko}}</ref>

Liberal arts colleges in India include undergraduate UG or bachelor's degree/diploma and postgraduate PG or master's degree/diploma as well as doctoral PhD and postdoctoral studies and research, in this academic discipline. The highly ranked [[IIT Guwahati]] offers a {{cite web|url=https://www.iitg.ac.in/hss/course-details.php?slno=RnUrSzB1cnpWMHRFL01Bc2s5QXVVUT09&crs=%20Master%20of%20Liberal%20Arts | title=Master's Degree in Liberal Arts}} There are also programs such as [[Ajeenkya DY Patil University]] in [[Pune]], [[India]], [[Forman Christian College]] in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]], [[Aga Khan University]] and [[Habib University]] in [[Karachi]], Pakistan and [[FLAME University]] in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]], referred to as India's 'first college of [[Liberal Education]]'.<ref>{{cite web|title=Experts focus on higher education, institution building in India|url=http://afternoondc.in/education-careers/experts-focus-on-higher-education-institution-building-in-india/article_36601|website=afternoondc.in|access-date=23 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123203129/http://afternoondc.in/education-careers/experts-focus-on-higher-education-institution-building-in-india/article_36601|archive-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> The University is a member of the Global Liberal Arts Alliance<ref>{{cite web|title=Member in the Global Liberal Arts Alliance|url=http://liberalartsalliance.org/members|website=liberalartsalliance.org|access-date=23 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525044235/http://liberalartsalliance.org/members|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> has also recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding ([[Memorandum of understanding|MoU]]) with [[Nuffield College, Oxford|Nuffield College]], [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{cite news|title=FLAME University Announces Collaboration with Nuffield College in the University of Oxford, England|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/?mode=details&id=50511|access-date=23 November 2016|agency=The Telegraph|publisher=Business Wire India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018220656/http://www.telegraphindia.com/external/display.jsp?mode=details&id=50511|archive-date=18 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Also, [[Ahmedabad University]], a private,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/education-2/how-a-private-university-is-trying-to-carve-niche-in-todays-competitive-academic-arena/690310/|title=Financial Express|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230225945/http://www.financialexpress.com/education-2/how-a-private-university-is-trying-to-carve-niche-in-todays-competitive-academic-arena/690310/|archive-date=2017-12-30}}</ref> non-profit university offers its students a liberal education which is focused on research and interdisciplinary learning<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahduni.edu.in/|title=Ahmedabad University Website|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228232030/https://ahduni.edu.in/|archive-date=2017-12-28}}</ref>''.''

[[File:Shalem College building.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Shalem College]] in Israel.]]

[[Baghdad College]] has offered a liberal arts curriculum since the early 20th century, but despite its name it has never offered more than a [[Secondary school|high school]] education.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} [[Effat University]] in Saudi Arabia, a women's institution, is a member of the Global Liberal Arts Alliance.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} Israel's first liberal arts college, [[Shalem College]], was established in 2013.<ref name=jpost>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Israel-accredits-first-liberal-arts-college|title=Israel accredits first liberal arts college|author=Melanie Lidman|publisher=Jerusalem Post|date=13 January 2013|access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>

===In Africa===
[[File:Al Akhawayn Campus.jpg|thumb|[[Al Akhawayn University]] in Morocco.]]
Three institutions in Africa are members of the Global Liberal Arts Alliance: [[Al Akhawayn University]] in Morocco, [[American University of Cairo]] in Egypt, and [[American University of Nigeria]]. The Egyptian and Nigerian schools are universities with a liberal arts component, but Al Akhawayn was founded on the model of an American liberal arts college.

[[Ashesi University]] is a liberal arts college located in [[Berekuso, Ghana]], established in 2002. The school's president, [[Patrick Awuah]], described the school's mission as "educating a new generation of leaders in Africa who think ethically and who are problem solvers and have the ability and the desire to confront problems on the continent".<ref name="ashesi-inside">{{Cite news|work=Inside Higher Ed|title=A Liberal Arts College Marks Five Years in Ghana|first=Elizabeth|last=Redden|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/10/19/ashesi|date=2007-10-19|access-date=2015-01-08|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110121130/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/10/19/ashesi|archive-date=2015-01-10}}</ref>

===In Australia===
{{Unsourced section|date=February 2022}}
[[Campion College]] is a Roman Catholic dedicated liberal arts college located in the western suburbs of Sydney. Founded in 2006, it is the first tertiary educational liberal arts college of its kind in Australia. Campion offers a Bachelor of Arts in the Liberal Arts as its sole undergraduate degree. The key disciplines studied are history, literature, philosophy and theology.

The Millis Institute is the School of Liberal Arts at Christian Heritage College located in Brisbane. It offers a Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts in which students can choose to major in Philosophy, Theology, History or Literature.

A new School of Liberal Arts has been formed in the [[University of Wollongong]]; the new Arts course entitled 'Western Civilisation' was first offered in 2020. The interdisciplinary curriculum focuses on the classic intellectual and artistic literature of the [[Western culture|Western tradition]]. Courses in the liberal arts have also been developed at the [[University of Sydney]] and [[University of Notre Dame Australia|University of Notre Dame]].

==Lists of schools==
* [[List of liberal arts colleges]]
* [[List of liberal arts colleges in the United States]]

==See also==
* [[Liberal arts education]]
* [[Bachelor of Liberal Arts]]
* [[College of Arts and Sciences]]
* [[Liberal arts colleges in the United States]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Works cited==
* {{Cite book|title=The Liberal Arts College Adapting to Change: The Survival of Small Schools|first1=Gary|last1=Bonvillian|last2=Murphy|first2=Robert|year=1996|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135589332|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxjKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT30|edition=2014 ebook}}
* {{Cite book|chapter=The Liberal Arts College Library Director and the Collegiate Myth|first=Joel|last=Clemmer|title=The Academic Library Director: Reflections on a Position in Transition|editor=Dandraia, Frank|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3dp_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|isbn=9781134755042|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|edition=2013 ebook}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Harriman|first=Philip|jstor=1975506|title=Antecedents of the Liberal Arts College|journal=The Journal of Higher Education|volume=6|issue=2|year=1935|pages=63–71|doi=10.2307/1975506}}
* {{Cite book|title=A History of American Higher Education|first=John R.|last=Thelin|year=2004|isbn=0801878551|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofamerica0000thel}}

==Further reading==
* Morris, Edward. ''[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224042994 The Lindenwood Model: An Antidote for What Ails Undergraduate Education]''. University Press (2007)
* Pfnister, Allen O. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1981183 The Role of the Liberal Arts College]". ''The Journal of Higher Education''. Vol. 55, No. 2 (March/April 1984): 145–170.
* Reeves, Floyd W. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1974170 The Liberal-Arts College]". ''The Journal of Higher Education''. Vol. 1, No. 7 (1930): 373–380.
* Seidel, George. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1979916 Saving the Small College]". ''The Journal of Higher Education''. Vol. 39, No. 6 (1968): 339–342.

==External links==
{{commons|Liberal arts|Liberal arts}}
{{commons category|Liberal arts colleges}}
* [http://liberalartsalliance.org/home Global Liberal Arts Alliance]
* [http://www.coplac.org/ Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges]
* [http://www.liberalarts.org/about Consortium of Liberal Arts Colleges]
* [https://www.educationdive.com/news/tracker-college-and-university-closings-and-consolidation/539961/ How many (U.S.) colleges and universities have closed since 2016?] A list maintained by [https://www.educationdive.com/ Education Drive] and updated in real time.

{{School types}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Liberal Arts College}}
[[Category:Liberal arts colleges| ]]
[[Category:Types of university or college]]