Editing Leoti, Kansas

{{Short description|City in Wichita County, Kansas}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2024}}{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Leoti, Kansas
|settlement_type          = [[City]] and [[County seat]]

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Aerial view of Leoti, Kansas (Quintin Soloviev).jpg
|image_caption            = Aerial view of Leoti (2023)
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               = LeotiKSseal.png
|seal_size                = 160px

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = Wichita_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Leoti_Highlighted.svg
|map_caption              = Location within [[Wichita County, Kansas|Wichita County]] and [[Kansas]]
|image_map1               = Map of Wichita Co, Ks, USA.png
|map_caption1             = [[Kansas Department of Transportation|KDOT]] map of [[Wichita County, Kansas|Wichita County]] ([[:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png|legend]])

<!-- Location -->
|coordinates_footnotes    = <ref name="GNIS"/>
|coordinates              = {{coord|38|29|00|N|101|21|28|W|region:US-KS_type:city_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Kansas]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Kansas|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Wichita County, Kansas|Wichita]]
|subdivision_type3        = [[List of townships in Kansas|Township]]
|subdivision_name3        =

<!-- Established -->
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = 1885
|established_title1       = [[Platted]]
|established_date1        =
|established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2        = 1887
|named_for                =

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          = <!-- [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] -->
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              =

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_20.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 24, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.32
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.32
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|area_total_km2           = 3.41
|area_land_km2            = 3.41
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|unit_pref                = Imperial

<!-- Elevation -->
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name="GNIS"/>
|elevation_ft             = 3301

<!-- Population -->
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="Census-2020-Profile"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total         = 1475
|pop_est_footnotes        =
|pop_est_as_of            =
|population_est           =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_km2   = auto

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 67861
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code                = [[Area code 620|620]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 20-39550
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]]
|blank1_info              = 2395684<ref name="GNIS">{{GNIS|2395684}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://www.leotikansas.org/|leotikansas.org}}
}}

'''Leoti''' ({{IPAc-en|l|i:|'|oʊ|t|ə}}) is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Wichita County, Kansas|Wichita County]], [[Kansas]], United States.<ref name="GNIS"/>  As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population of the city was 1,475.<ref name="Census-2020-Profile">{{cite web |title=Profile of Leoti, Kansas in 2020 |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2039550 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117115138/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2039550 |archive-date=November 17, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==
Leoti was founded in 1885<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5zdAAQAAMAAJ | title=Biennial Report of the Board of Directors of the Kansas State Historical Society | publisher=Kansas State Printing Plant | author=Kansas State Historical Society | year=1916 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5zdAAQAAMAAJ/page/n420 313]}}</ref> by a company of men from [[Garden City, Kansas|Garden City]], Kansas.  Two years later, in 1887, it was involved in the bloodiest [[County seat war|county seat fight]] in the history of the [[American West]]. The shoot-out was on February 27, 1887, when men&mdash;some{{Who|date=August 2024}} say hired gunmen&mdash;from Leoti, went to the neighboring, rival town of [[Coronado, Kansas|Coronado]] and left several people dead and wounded.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wichitacounty.org/things-to-do/attractions/8-wonders-of-wichita-county|title=8 Wonders of Wichita County|publisher=Wichita County|location=Wichita County, KS|accessdate=September 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://genealogytrails.com/kan/wichita/countyseat.html|title=County Seat History of Wichita County, Kansas|accessdate=September 24, 2019}}</ref> A small town called [[Farmer City, Kansas|Farmer City]] which was located between Coronado and Leoti, was hoped by some to become the county seat—which would end the fighting. Leoti later won the right to become the county seat and now the two other towns consist mainly of farmland. {{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

The origin of the name Leoti is disputed: one tradition says the name is an Indian term for "prairie flower"; another says the community was named for settler Leoti Kibbee; a third says it was named for Leoti Gray, the daughter of a town founder.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=4802 | title=Profile for Leoti, Kansas | publisher=[[ePodunk]] | accessdate=28 June 2014}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.31|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2012-07-06 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-07-02 }}</ref>

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Leoti has a [[semi-arid climate]], abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=566441&cityname=Leoti%2C+Kansas%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Leoti, Kansas]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Leoti, Kansas, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–2018
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes

|Jan record high F = 78
|Feb record high F = 83
|Mar record high F = 90
|Apr record high F = 98
|May record high F = 104
|Jun record high F = 110
|Jul record high F = 111
|Aug record high F = 109
|Sep record high F = 105
|Oct record high F = 96
|Nov record high F = 89
|Dec record high F = 80

|Jan avg record high F = 66.7
|Feb avg record high F = 71.7
|Mar avg record high F = 80.3
|Apr avg record high F = 87.7
|May avg record high F = 94.1
|Jun avg record high F = 99.6
|Jul avg record high F = 102.8
|Aug avg record high F = 100.9
|Sep avg record high F = 97.2
|Oct avg record high F = 89.1
|Nov avg record high F = 76.4
|Dec avg record high F = 66.5
|year avg record high F = 103.5

|Jan high F = 44.2
|Feb high F = 47.7
|Mar high F = 57.3
|Apr high F = 65.5
|May high F = 75.2
|Jun high F = 86.6
|Jul high F = 91.5
|Aug high F = 88.5
|Sep high F = 81.7
|Oct high F = 68.4
|Nov high F = 55.1
|Dec high F = 45.1
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 30.1
|Feb mean F = 33.0
|Mar mean F = 41.9
|Apr mean F = 49.8
|May mean F = 60.3
|Jun mean F = 71.7
|Jul mean F = 76.8
|Aug mean F = 74.3
|Sep mean F = 66.2
|Oct mean F = 52.9
|Nov mean F = 40.0
|Dec mean F = 31.1
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 16.0
|Feb low F = 18.3
|Mar low F = 26.4
|Apr low F = 34.1
|May low F = 45.5
|Jun low F = 56.8
|Jul low F = 62.0
|Aug low F = 60.1
|Sep low F = 50.7
|Oct low F = 37.3
|Nov low F = 25.0
|Dec low F = 17.1
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = -1.6
|Feb avg record low F = 1.2
|Mar avg record low F = 9.4
|Apr avg record low F = 20.4
|May avg record low F = 31.8
|Jun avg record low F = 44.7
|Jul avg record low F = 53.2
|Aug avg record low F = 51.6
|Sep avg record low F = 35.6
|Oct avg record low F = 22.2
|Nov avg record low F = 8.5
|Dec avg record low F = -0.6
|year avg record low F = -8.8

|Jan record low F = -26
|Feb record low F = -25
|Mar record low F = -21
|Apr record low F = 2
|May record low F = 18
|Jun record low F = 32
|Jul record low F = 40
|Aug record low F = 34
|Sep record low F = 24
|Oct record low F = 2
|Nov record low F = -10
|Dec record low F = -22

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.38
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.51
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.27
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.95
|May precipitation inch = 2.31
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.58
|Jul precipitation inch = 2.87
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.11
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.40
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.66
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.64
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.60
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 2.7
|Feb precipitation days = 2.7
|Mar precipitation days = 3.9
|Apr precipitation days = 6.3
|May precipitation days = 7.6
|Jun precipitation days = 7.8
|Jul precipitation days = 8.1
|Aug precipitation days = 8.6
|Sep precipitation days = 5.2
|Oct precipitation days = 4.2
|Nov precipitation days = 3.0
|Dec precipitation days = 2.5

|Jan snow inch = 5.0
|Feb snow inch = 4.6
|Mar snow inch = 4.1
|Apr snow inch = 2.3
|May snow inch = 0.1
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.1
|Oct snow inch = 1.3
|Nov snow inch = 2.4
|Dec snow inch = 3.9
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 2.4
|Feb snow days = 2.3
|Mar snow days = 1.7
|Apr snow days = 0.7
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.5
|Nov snow days = 1.2
|Dec snow days = 2.1

|Jan snow depth inch = 
|Feb snow depth inch = 
|Mar snow depth inch = 
|Apr snow depth inch = 
|May snow depth inch = 
|Jun snow depth inch = 
|Jul snow depth inch = 
|Aug snow depth inch = 
|Sep snow depth inch = 
|Oct snow depth inch = 
|Nov snow depth inch = 
|Dec snow depth inch = 
|year snow depth inch =

|source 1 = NOAA (mean maxima/minima 1981&ndash;2010)<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00144665&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Leoti, KS
|access-date = November 27, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=gld
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Goodland
|access-date = November 27, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=
|1890= 341
|1900= 151
|1910= 288
|1920= 392
|1930= 618
|1940= 816
|1950= 1250
|1960= 1401
|1970= 1916
|1980= 1869
|1990= 1738
|2000= 1598
|2010= 1534
|2020= 1475
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
}}
[[Image:Wichita County, Kansas courthouse from NE 2.JPG|thumb|right|Wichita County courthouse in Leoti (2015)]]

===2020 census===
The [[2020 United States census]] counted 1,475 people, 589 households, and 375 families in Leoti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref name=:0 /> The population density was 1,120.8 per square mile (432.7/km{{sup|2}}). There were 669 housing units at an average density of 508.4 per square mile (196.3/km{{sup|2}}).<ref name=:0>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20dp1 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2020/geo/gazetter-file.html |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> The racial makeup was 64.34% (949) [[White (U.S. Census)|white]] or [[European American]] (55.46% [[Non-Hispanic White|non-Hispanic white]]), 0.14% (2) [[African American (U.S. Census)|black]] or [[African American|African-American]], 1.22% (18) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]], 0.0% (0) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.14% (2) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]], 17.15% (253) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 17.02% (251) from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P1: RACE |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20p1&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race was 39.66% (585) of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20p2&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

Of the 589 households, 34.3% had children under the age of 18; 49.1% were married couples living together; 21.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 30.1% of households consisted of individuals and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<ref name=:0 /> The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3.1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1101?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20s1101%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 14.2% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1501?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20s1501%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

26.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males.<ref name=:0 /> For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 94.1 males.<ref name=:0 />

The 2016-2020 5-year [[American Community Survey]] estimates show that the median household income was $58,819 (with a margin of error of +/- $11,529) and the median family income was $80,441 (+/- $19,014).<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1903: MEDIAN INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1903?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20s1903%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Males had a median income of $40,250 (+/- $10,260) versus $31,641 (+/- $8,897) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $35,268 (+/- $6,972).<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S2001?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20s2001%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Approximately, 1.2% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 2.6% of those under the age of 18 and 11.7% of those ages 65 or over.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1701?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20s1701%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1702: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF FAMILIES |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1702?q=Leoti%20city,%20Kansas%20s1702&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> of 2010, there were 1,534 people, 607 households, and 419 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1171.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 708 housing units at an average density of {{convert|540.5|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 85.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.7% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 10.8% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.1% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 31.6% of the population.

There were 607 households, of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.0% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.05.

The median age in the city was 37.4 years. 29.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 23.6% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,598 people, 634 households, and 452 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,213.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 726 housing units at an average density of {{convert|551.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 81.35% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.06% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.50% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.06% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 15.33% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.69% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 26.03% of the population.

There were 634 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,596, and the median income for a family was $41,484. Males had a median income of $27,235 versus $17,986 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,550. About 8.8% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.8% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
The community is served by [[Leoti–Wichita County USD 467]] public school district. The Wichita County High School mascot is Wichita County Indians.<ref>{{cite web | title = #467 | publisher = USD 467 | url = http://www.leoti.org/ | accessdate = 5 January 2017}}</ref>

Prior to school unification, Leoti High School also used the Indians mascot.<ref>"Leoti 46 Lacrosse 44", Great Bend Tribune, 4 December 1966, p.5.</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Marion Charles Bonner]], paleontologist, fossil collector.
* [[Ben Diggins]], baseball player.
* [[Steve Tasker]], football player (retired), sportscaster.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Portal|Kansas}}
{{Kansas books}}
{{See also|Wichita County, Kansas#Further reading|l1=List of books about Wichita County, Kansas}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Leoti, Kansas}}
* [https://www.leotikansas.org/ City of Leoti]
* [https://www.lkm.org/members/?id=41260832 Leoti - Directory of Public Officials]
* [http://www.wichitacounty.org/ Wichita County] 
* [http://www.wichitacountymuseum.org/ Wichita County Museum]
* [https://www.leoti.org/ USD 467 school district]
* [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/city-pdf/leoti.pdf Leoti City Map], KDOT

{{Wichita County, Kansas}}
{{Kansas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Kansas]]
[[Category:County seats in Kansas]]
[[Category:Cities in Wichita County, Kansas]]
[[Category:1885 establishments in Kansas]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1885]]