Editing Leopold Vietoris

{{short description|Austrian topologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Leopold Vietoris
| image             = Vietoris4343.jpg
| image_size        = 250px
| caption           = Vietoris on his 110th birthday in 2001
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|1891|06|04|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Bad Radkersburg]], [[Styria]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date        = {{Death date|2002|04|09|df=y}}<br />(aged {{age in years and days|1891|6|4|2002|4|9}})
| death_place       = [[Innsbruck]], [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]], Austria
| nationality       = [[Austrians|Austria]]
| fields            = [[Mathematics]]
| workplaces        = [[University of Innsbruck]]
| alma_mater        = [[TU Wien]]<br>[[University of Vienna]]
| doctoral_advisors = [[Gustav Ritter von Escherich]]<br>[[Wilhelm Wirtinger]]
| doctoral_students = 
| known_for         = Contributions to [[topology]]<br>Being a [[supercentenarian]]
| awards            = 
| spouse            = {{marriage|Klara Riccabona|1928|1935|end=died}}<br>{{marriage|Maria Josefa Vincentia von Riccabona zu Reichenfels|1936|2002|end=died}}
| children          = 6
}}
'''Leopold Vietoris''' ({{IPAc-en|v|iː|ˈ|t|oʊr|ɪ|s}} {{respell|vee|TOR|iss}}, {{IPA|de|ˈleːopɔlt viːˈtoːʁɪs|lang}}, {{IPA|de-AT|ˈleːopɔld viːˈtoːrɪs|lang}}; 4 June 1891 – 9 April 2002) was an [[Austrians|Austrian]] [[mathematician]], [[List of last surviving World War I veterans|World War I veteran]] and [[supercentenarian]]. He was born in [[Radkersburg]] and died in [[Innsbruck]].

He was known for his contributions to [[topology]]—notably the [[Mayer–Vietoris sequence]]—and other fields of [[mathematics]], his interest in [[history of mathematics|mathematical history]], and for being a keen [[alpinist]].

==Biography==
Vietoris studied mathematics and geometry at the [[TU Wien|Vienna University of Technology]].<ref name="Leopold bio">{{cite web|url=https://www.ams.org/notices/200210/fea-vietoris.pdf|title=Leopold Vietoris (1891–2002)|publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]]|date=November 2002|access-date=5 September 2003|last=Reitberger|first=Heinrich}}</ref>
He was drafted in 1914 in [[World War I]] and was wounded in September that same year.<ref name="Leopold bio"/> On 4 November 1918, one week before the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]], he became an [[Italy|Italian]] [[prisoner of war]].<ref name="Leopold bio"/> After returning to Austria, he attended the [[University of Vienna]], where he earned his [[PhD]] in 1920, with a thesis written under the supervision of [[Gustav von Escherich]] and [[Wilhelm Wirtinger]].<ref name="Leopold bio"/><ref>{{MathGenealogy|id=47600}}</ref>

In autumn 1928 he married his first wife Klara Riccabona, who later died while giving birth to their sixth daughter.<ref name="Leopold bio"/> In 1936 he married Klara's sister, Maria Riccabona.<ref name="Leopold bio"/>

Vietoris was survived by his six daughters, 17 grandchildren, and 30 great-grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geoimaging.tugraz.at/viktor.kaufmann/HMRSC-VI%20Dedication.pdf|title=Professor Dr. Leopold Vietoris|publisher=Geo Imagining|access-date=11 October 2009}}</ref>

He lends his name to a few mathematical concepts:
*'''Vietoris topology''' (see [[topological space]])
*'''Vietoris [[homology (mathematics)|homology]]''' (see [[homology theory]])
*'''[[Mayer–Vietoris sequence]]'''
*'''[[Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem]]'''
*'''[[Vietoris–Rips complex]]'''

Vietoris remained scientifically active in his later years, even writing one paper on trigonometric sums at the age of 103.<ref name=Reitberger2002>
{{Cite journal
  | last = Reitberger
  | first = Heinrich
  |date=November 2002
  | title = Leopold Vietoris (1891–2002)
  | journal = [[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]]
  | volume = 49
  | issue = 10
  | page = 1235
  | url = https://www.ams.org/notices/200210/fea-vietoris.pdf}}</ref>

Vietoris lived to be 110 years and 309 days old, and became the oldest verified Austrian man ever.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grg.org/Adams/b.HTM|title=Verified Supercentenarians (Ranked By Age) Gerontology Research Group|date=1 January 2014|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>

==Decorations and awards==
* [[Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]] (1973)
* [[Grand Gold Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria]] (1981)
* Honorary member of the [[German Mathematical Society]] (1992)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|editor-last=Weibel|editor-first=Peter|title=Beyond Art: A Third Culture: A Comparative Study in Cultures, Art and Science in 20th Century Austria and Hungary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkk6U42Zl_sC&pg=PA260|date=2005|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-211-24562-0|page=260}}

==External links==
*{{MacTutor Biography|id=Vietoris}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vietoris, Leopold}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bad Radkersburg]]
[[Category:20th-century Austrian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Topologists]]
[[Category:Men supercentenarians]]
[[Category:Austrian men centenarians]]
[[Category:Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in World War I]]
[[Category:World War I prisoners of war held by Italy]]
[[Category:Mathematicians from Austria-Hungary]]