Editing Leilani Estates, Hawaii

{{short description|Census-designated place in Hawaii, U.S.}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|official_name            = Leilani Estates
|other_name               = 
|native_name              =  <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = [[Census-designated place]]
|motto                    = 
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline            = 
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = 
|image_flag               = 
|flag_size                = 
|image_seal               = 
|seal_size              = 
|image_shield           = 
|shield_size            = 
|image_blank_emblem     = 
|blank_emblem_type      = 
|blank_emblem_size      = 
|image_map              = Hawaii_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Leilani_Estates_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = Location in [[Hawaii County, Hawaii|Hawaiʻi County]] and the state of [[Hawaii]]
{{clear}}
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|19.468|-154.917}}
| zoom = 13
| float = right
| width = 280
| height = 200
| caption =
| title =
| scalemark = 10
|mark-sizeD=7|shapeD=circle|shape-colorD=red
|mark-coord1={{coord|19.4690|-154.8965}}
|mark-coord2={{coord|19.4635|-154.9073}}
|mark-coord3={{coord|19.4656|-154.9010}}
|mark-coord4={{coord|19.4669|-154.8995}}
|mark-coord5={{coord|19.4690|-154.8933}}
|mark-coord6={{coord|19.4701|-154.8916}}
|mark-coord7={{coord|19.4636|-154.9050}}
|arc-textA=Eruption Fissures
|arc-latA=19.4609|arc-lonA=-154.9074| arc-text-sizeA = 10|arc-text-colorA = red
| arc-angleA = 160 |arc-gapA = -0.9| arc-radiusA = 0.8
}}
|image_map1             = 
|mapsize1               = 
|map_caption1           = 
|pushpin_map            = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption    = 
|pushpin_mapsize        = 
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Hawaii]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Hawaii|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Hawaii County, Hawaii|Hawaiʻi]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      = 
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|leader_title2          = 
|leader_name2           = 
|leader_title3          = 
|leader_name3           = 
|leader_title4          = 
|leader_name4           = 
|established_title      = 
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3      = 
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude           = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_15.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 10.45
|area_land_km2            = 10.45
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 4.04
|area_land_sq_mi          = 4.04
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|area_water_percent       = 
|area_urban_km2           = 
|area_urban_sq_mi         = 
|area_metro_km2           = 
|area_metro_sq_mi         = 
|area_blank1_title        = 
|area_blank1_km2          = 
|area_blank1_sq_mi        = 
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_note          = 
|population_total         = 1139
|population_density_km2   = 109.00
|population_density_sq_mi = 282.28
|population_metro               = 
|population_density_metro_km2   = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_urban               = 
|population_density_urban_km2   = 
|population_density_urban_sq_mi = 
|population_blank1_title        = 
|population_blank1              = 
|population_density_blank1_km2  =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone                 = [[Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone]]
|utc_offset               = -10
|timezone_DST             = 
|utc_offset_DST           = 
|coordinates              = {{coord|19|28|25|N|154|55|13|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 235
|elevation_ft             = 771
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type                = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 96778<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipdatamaps.com/96778|title=Leilani Estates HI ZIP Code|publisher=zipdatamaps.com|year=2024|access-date=February 5, 2024}}</ref>
|area_code                = [[Area code 808|808]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 15-44562
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1852580
|website                  = 
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_as_of = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|population_est = 
}}

[[File:USGS Kīlauea multimediaFile-1938.jpg|thumb|right|Eruption in the Leilani Estates subdivision (May 3, 2018)]]
[[File:USGS Kīlauea multimediaFile-1955.jpg|thumb|right|Lava from a fissure slowly advanced to the northeast on Hoʻokupu Street in Leilani Estates subdivision (May 5, 2018)]]
'''Leilani Estates''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Hawaii County, Hawaii|Hawaiʻi County]], [[Hawaii]], United States located in the [[Puna District|District of Puna]]. The subdivision was formed in 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://leilaniestates.org/|title=Chapter "Leilani Estates History" at leilaniestates.org|access-date=May 31, 2018}}</ref> The population was 1,139 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="DecennialCensus"/> down from 1,560 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]],<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1544562| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Leilani Estates CDP, Hawaii| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| access-date=June 1, 2017}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and up from 1,046 at the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]].

The [[2018 lower Puna eruption]] of [[Kīlauea]] Volcano, which occurred within and around the subdivision, claimed many homes and displaced an unknown number of Leilani Estates residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dayton |first=Kevin |date=November 30, 2022 |title=Why are homes allowed to be built in lava zones? Mauna Loa eruption has Hawaii residents wondering |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2022/11/30/mauna-loa-eruption-homes-lava-zones/10804623002/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Accessing the entire resulting solid lava rock flow field has been prohibited, as per the Mayor's 12/6/18 Emergency Proclamation,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hawaiicounty.gov/active-alerts/sixth-supplementary-emergency-proclamation.html|title=County of Hawaii - Civil Defense Alerts and Information - Sixth Supplementary Emergency Proclamation|website=www.hawaiicounty.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> with fines up to $5,000 for violations. As of January 2019, in further effort to prevent the private subdivision from becoming a public attraction, the Leilani Community Association began enforcing regulations regarding no parking on private roads, no trespassing on private property, and no tours being conducted in the subdivision.

==Geography==
Leilani Estates is located near the eastern tip of the island of [[Hawaii (island)|Hawaiʻi]].<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is {{convert|3|mi|0}} south of [[Pahoa, Hawaii|Pāhoa]] and {{convert|23|mi}} south of [[Hilo, Hawaii|Hilo]]. It is bordered to the southeast by the Malama Kī Forest Reserve.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|10.45|km2|order=flip}}, all of it land.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

Leilani Estates is located directly on a stretch of the lower East [[rift zone|Rift Zone]] of [[Kīlauea]] [[volcano]], in [[Lava Flow Hazard Zones|lava flow hazard zone 1]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=Wright, T.L.|author2=Chun, J.Y.F.|author3=Exposo, Jean|author4=Heliker, Christina|author5=Hodge, Jon|author6=Lockwood, J.P.|author7=Vogt, S.M.|title=Map Showing Lava-Flow Hazard Zones, Island of Hawaii|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1992/2193/|website=USGS Pubs Warehouse|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|access-date=2017-12-30|date=1992}}</ref> Zone 1 includes the summit and rift zones of active volcanoes&mdash;new eruptive vents can spawn anywhere inside this zone. Approximately 10% or {{convert|50|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1}} out of the {{convert|500|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1}} of Puna have been covered by lava flows since 1790.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov//kilauea/summary/main.html|title=USGS: Volcano Hazards Program HVO Kilauea|first=Volcano Hazards|last=Program|website=hvo.wr.usgs.gov|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref>

===2018 eruption===
{{Main|2018 lower Puna eruption}}

Of the 24 total volcanic [[fissure vent]]s that formed during the event, 14 erupted lava to varying degrees within Leilani Estates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hawaiicountygis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=3428cd9282ff431c865eb32761793078|title=ArcGIS Web Application|website=hawaiicountygis.maps.arcgis.com|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> [[ʻAhuʻailāʻau]] (initially designated Fissure 8) on Luana St. was the dominant vent that produced the most output of lava, with fountaining as high as 330 feet <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/movies/movie_172806.html|title=USGS Volcano Hazards Program Movie|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> and flow front advancement as fast as 76&nbsp;m/h <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/movies/movie_173976.html|title=USGS Volcano Hazards Program Movie|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> as it reached the ocean miles below Leilani Estates. By the time the eruption ceased on August 9 of 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/file_mngr/file-192/PrelimSum_LERZ-Summit_2018.pdf|title=Preliminary summary of Kīlauea Volcano's 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse|publisher=USGS|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> around 200 homes had been destroyed within the subdivision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1ZWnrwPSqtoOpdjj5QKaBZPQACQOzv5YD&ll=19.466726918668876%2C-154.90597985068666&z=15|title=Addresses of Homes Lost in 2018 Puna Eruption|last=duPont|first=Dane}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2020= 1139
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 1,560 people in 696 households residing in the CDP.  The population density was {{convert|371.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 807 housing units at an average density of {{convert|192.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the CDP was 63.4% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.8% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|American Indian & Alaska Native]], 6.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 6.2% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander]], 1.2% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 20.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 9.8% of the population.<ref name="census.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popfinder|title=2010 Demographic Profile - U.S. Census Bureau|first=Website Services & Coordination Staff|last=ASD|website=www.census.gov|access-date=8 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116034919/http://www.census.gov/popfinder/|archive-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

There were 696 households, out of which 18.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them.  The average household size was 2.24.<ref name="census.gov"/>

In the Leilani Estates CDP the population was spread out, with 17.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 11.7% from 25 to 34, 17.6% from 35 to 49, 32.9% from 50 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older.  For every 100 females, there were 113.1 males.  For every 100 males there were 88.4 females.<ref name="census.gov"/>

The median income for a household in the CDP at the 2000 census was $31,540, and the median income for a family in 2000 was $32,692. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $22,875 for females in 2000. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP in 2000 was $15,522.  About 13.7% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]] in 2000, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 25.5% of those age 65 or over.

==References==
<references />

{{Hawaii County, Hawaii}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Hawaii County, Hawaii]]
[[Category:Populated places on Hawaii (island)]]
[[Category:Kīlauea]]