Editing League of Corinth

{{short description|Historic federation of Greek states}}
{{for|the English amateur football league|Corinthian League (football)}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name            = Kοινὸν τῶν Ἑλλήνων
| conventional_long_name = Hellenic League
| common_name            = League of Corinth
| status                 = 
| status_text            = 
| government_type        = [[Hegemony]]
| era                    = 
| year_start             = 338 BC/337 BC
| date_start             = 
| year_end               = 322 BC
| date_end               = 
| event_pre              = 
| date_pre               = 
| event1                 = 
| date_event1            = 
| event_post             = 
| date_post              = 
| p1                     = City states
| flag_p1                = 
| p2                     = Macedon
| flag_p2                = Vergina Sun WIPO.svg
| s1                     = Macedonian Empire
| flag_s1                = Vergina Sun WIPO.svg
| image_coat             = 
| coa_size               = 100px
| symbol_type            = 
| image_map              = Map Macedonia 336 BC-en.svg
| image_map_caption      = The '''Hellenic League''' after the death of [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]]
| capital                = [[Pella]]
| common_languages       = [[Ancient Greek]]
| religion               = [[Ancient Greek religion]]
| leader1                = [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]]
| year_leader1           = 338 BC/337 BC
| leader2                = [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III, the Great]]
| year_leader2           = 336 BC
| leader3                = [[Demetrius I Poliorcetes]]
| year_leader3           = 304 BC
| leader4                = [[Antigonus III Doson]]
| year_leader4           = 224 BC
| leader5                = 
| year_leader5           = 
| title_leader           = [[Hegemony|Hegemon]], [[Strategos]], [[Autokrator]] of [[Hellenistic Greece|Greece]]
| legislature            = [[Synedrion]]
}}

The '''League of Corinth''', also referred to as the '''Hellenic League''' ({{Langx|el|κοινὸν τῶν Ἑλλήνων}}, ''koinòn tõn Hellḗnōn'';{{efn|{{Lit|the community of the Greeks}}.{{Sfn|Grant|2017|p=24 :"...the League of Corinth, a federation that represented ''to koinon ton Hellenon'', the community of the Greeks and their Defenders of their Peace."}} [[Diodorus]] also supplies the name: τό κοινὸν τῶν Ἑλλήνων συνέδριον, ''to koinon ton Hellenon synedrion'', {{Lit|the common council of the Greeks}}.{{Sfn|Yates|2019|page=207}}}} or simply {{Lang|el|οἱ Ἕλληνες}}, ''the Héllēnes''),{{Sfn|Cawkwell|1978|page=171 :"The League of Corinth' is a modern name. It was properly styled 'the Hellenes', the somewhat ambiguous title used for earlier leagues from the Persian Wars onwards, suggesting a large measure of continuity"}} was a [[federation]] of [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] states created by [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]]<ref name=":4">Diodorus Siculus, Book 16, 89.[3] «διόπερ '''ἐν Κορίνθῳ τοῦ κοινοῦ συνεδρίου''' συναχθέντος διαλεχθεὶς περὶ τοῦ πρὸς Πέρσας πολέμου καὶ μεγάλας ἐλπίδας ὑποθεὶς '''προετρέψατο τοὺς συνέδρους εἰς πόλεμον'''. τέλος δὲ '''τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἑλομένων αὐτὸν στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα τῆς Ἑλλάδος μεγάλας παρασκευὰς ἐποιεῖτο πρὸς τὴν ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας στρατείαν'''...καὶ τὰ μὲν '''περὶ Φίλιππον ἐν τούτοις ἦν'''»</ref> in 338–337 BC. The League was created in order to unify Greek military forces under [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonian]] leadership ([[hegemony]]) in their combined conquest of the Persian [[Achaemenid Empire]].<ref>Arrian, ''Alexander Anabasis'', [4.11.7.] «καὶ ἐγὼ '''τῆς Ἑλλάδος μεμνῆσθαί σε ἀξιῶ, ὦ Ἀλέξανδρε''', ἧς ἕνεκα ὁ πᾶς στόλος σοι ἐγένετο, '''προσθεῖναι τὴν Ἀσίαν τῇ Ἑλλάδι'''»</ref>{{Sfn|Kinzl|2010||page=553 :"He [Philip] also recognized the power of pan-Hellenic sentiment when arranging Greek affairs after his victory at Chaironeia: a pan-Hellenic expedition against Persia ostensibly was one of the main goals of the League of Corinth"}}{{Sfn|Davis Hanson|2012|page=119}}

King Philip was initially urged by [[Isocrates]] in 346 BC to unify Greece against the Persians.<ref name=":1">Philip [16]: «μέλλω γάρ '''σοι συμβουλεύειν''' προστῆναι τῆς τε τῶν '''Ἑλλήνων''' ὁμονοίας καὶ τῆς '''ἐπὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους στρατείας''': ἔστι δὲ τὸ μὲν πείθειν πρὸς τοὺς '''Ἕλληνας''' συμφέρον, τὸ δὲ βιάζεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους χρήσιμον. ἡ μὲν οὖν περιβολὴ παντὸς τοῦ λόγου τοιαύτη τίς ἐστιν» [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0144%3Aspeech%3D5%3Asection%3D16]</ref>{{Sfn|Harle|1998|page=24 :"The idea of the city-state was first challenged by the ideal of pan-Hellenic unity supported by some writers and orators, among which the Athenian Isocrates became a leading proponent with his Panegyrics of 380 suggesting a Greek holy war against Persia. However, only the rise of Macedonia made the realization of pan-Hellenic unity possible"}} After the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]], the League of Corinth was formed and controlled by Philip. [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] utilized his father's league when planning his pan-Hellenic invasion of Asia to expand Macedon and take revenge on the Persian Empire.{{Sfn|Davis Hanson|2012|page=119 :"Afterwards he [Alexander] revived his father's League of Corinth, and with it his plan for a pan-Hellenic invasion of Asia to punish the Persians for the suffering of the Greeks, especially the Athenians, in the Greco-Persian Wars and to liberate the Greek cities of Asia Minor"}} During the [[Hellenistic period]], some [[Antigonid dynasty|Antigonid]] rulers of Macedon shortly revived the league, also known as the 'Hellenic Alliance'.{{Sfn|Erskine|2009|page=155 :"Following the footsteps of Philip II and his own great-grandfather (and namesake), Antigonos organized yet another 'League of Corinth', although this third version is better known as the 'Hellenic Alliance'"}}

The title 'League of Corinth' was invented by modern historians because the first council of the League took place in [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]], albeit the Greek word ''[[synedrion]]'' is better translated as ''congress'' or ''conference'' rather than ''league''. The adjective Hellenic derives from ''Hellenikos'' meaning "pertaining to Greece and Greeks".<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D*%28ellhniko%2Fs Ἑλληνικός], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, Book 16, 64.[3]: «Φίλιππος ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν χρόνων ἀεὶ μᾶλλον αὐξόμενος τὸ τελευταῖον διὰ τὴν εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσέβειαν ἡγεμὼν ἀπεδείχθη τῆς '''Ἑλλάδος''' πάσης καὶ μεγίστην βασιλείαν τῶν κατὰ τὴν Εὐρώπην περιεποιήσατο»</ref><ref>The reason Arrian wrote about Alexander: «ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις ἄλλος εἷς ἀνὴρ τοσαῦτα ἢ τηλικαῦτα ἔργα κατὰ πλῆθος ἢ μέγεθος '''ἐν Ἕλλησιν''' ἢ βαρβάροις ἀπεδείξατο» Arrian, ''Alexander Anabasis'' [1.12.4.]</ref> The organization was the first time in history that the Greek city-states (with the notable exception of [[Sparta]], which would join only later under Alexander's terms) would unify under a single political entity.{{Sfn|Pohlenz|1966|page=20}}

== Background ==
{{Further|Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)#Aftermath}}
From the mid-fourth century BC, the system of city-states (''[[Polis|poleis]]'') was gradually challenged by the ideas of pan-Hellenic unity, forwarded by some writers and orators, including [[Isocrates]], who urged king Philip (in Isocrates' ''Philippus'' oration) to unify Greek powers against the Persians.<ref name=":1" /> Pan-Hellenic unity was only achieved with the rise of Macedon.{{Sfn|Harle|1998|page=24 :"The idea of the city-state was first challenged by the ideal of pan-Hellenic unity supported by some writers and orators, among which the Athenian Isocrates became a leading proponent with his Panegyrics of 380 suggesting a Greek holy war against Persia. However, only the rise of Macedonia made the realization of pan-Hellenic unity possible"}} Following his victory at the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] (337 BC), Philip was able to impose a settlement upon southern Greece, which all states accepted, with the exception of [[Sparta]]. Philip had no intention of besieging any city, nor indeed of conquering it, but rather he wanted the southern Greeks as his allies for his planned campaign against the Persians.{{Sfn|Cawkwell|1978|page=166 :"No sieges followed. Philip intended, as events showed, to master, not to destroy, the independent cities of Greece. Destruction he was reserving for the empire of the Persians, or at any rate the western satrapies, and for that he needed the help of the Greeks"}} In the months after the battle, he moved around Greece making peace with the states that opposed him, dealing with the Spartans, and installing garrisons.{{Sfn|Cawkwell |1978|page=167}} In mid 337 BC, he seems to have camped near [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]] and began the work to establish a league of the city-states, which would guarantee peace in Greece and provide Philip with military assistance against Persia.{{Sfn|Cawkwell|1978|page=166 :"So he set about creating a Hellenic League which would secure peace within Greece and the military aid he required"}} The principal terms of the concord were that all members became allied to each other, and to Macedon, and that all members were guaranteed freedom from attack, freedom of navigation, and freedom from interference in internal affairs.{{Sfn|Cawkwell|1978|page=171}} The council then declared war on Persia and voted Philip as ''[[strategos]]'' for the forthcoming campaign.<ref name=":4" />{{Sfn|Cawkwell|1978|page=170}}

==Organization==
The League was governed by the [[Hegemon]] (leader)<ref>Diodorus Siculus, Book 16, 91.[2]: «ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων '''Φίλιππος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἡγεμὼν ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καθεσταμένος καὶ τὸν πρὸς Πέρσας πόλεμον''' ἐνστησάμενος Ἄτταλον μὲν καὶ Παρμενίωνα προαπέστειλεν εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν, μέρος τῆς δυνάμεως δοὺς καὶ '''προστάξας ἐλευθεροῦν τὰς Ἑλληνίδας πόλεις'''»</ref><ref>Plutarch, ''Alexander'' [14.1] «Εἰς δὲ τὸν Ἰσθμὸν '''τῶν Ἑλλήνων συλλεγέντων καὶ ψηφισαμένων''' ἐπὶ Πέρσας '''μετ᾽ Ἀλεξάνδρου στρατεύειν, ἡγεμὼν ἀνηγορεύθη'''»</ref><ref>''Alexander’s letter to Darius after the battle of Issus'': «Οι υμέτεροι πρόγονοι ελθόντες '''εις Μακεδονίαν και εις την άλλην Ελλάδα''' κακώς εποίησαν ημάς. '''Εγώ δε των Ελλήνων ηγεμών''' κατασταθείς και τιμωρήσασθαι βουλόμενος Πέρσας διέβην ες Ασίαν, υπαρξάντων υμών» Arrian, ''Alexander Anabasis'' [2.14.4.]</ref> (''[[strategos autokrator]]''<ref>Diodorus, Book 17.3[9]: «τοῦ δ᾽ Ἀλεξάνδρου παραγγείλαντος εἰς Κόρινθον ἀπαντᾶν τάς τε πρεσβείας καὶ τοὺς συνέδρους, ἐπειδὴ συνῆλθον οἱ συνεδρεύειν εἰωθότες, διαλεχθεὶς ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ λόγοις ἐπιεικέσι χρησάμενος ἔπεισε τοὺς Ἕλληνας ψηφίσασθαι '''στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα τῆς Ἑλλάδος εἶναι τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον''' καὶ συστρατεύειν ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας ὑπὲρ ὧν εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐξήμαρτον»</ref><ref>Diodorus Sicilus, Book 16, ''Τάδε ἔνεστιν ἐν τῇ ἑκκαιδεκάτῃ τῶν Διοδώρου ἱστορικῶν βίβλων'':  «ὡς '''οἱ Ἕλληνες αὐτοκράτορα στρατηγὸν εἵλοντο Φίλιππον'''. ὡς Φίλιππος μέλλων διαβαίνειν εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν ἀνῃρέθη»</ref> in a military context),<ref>Alexander the Great: A New History By Alice Heckel, Waldemar Heckel, Lawrence A. Tritle Page 103 {{ISBN|1-4051-3082-2}}</ref> the council (''[[Synedrion]]''),<ref>Diodorus Sicilus, Book 16, 89.[3]: «διόπερ '''ἐν Κορίνθῳ τοῦ κοινοῦ συνεδρίου''' συναχθέντος διαλεχθεὶς περὶ τοῦ πρὸς Πέρσας πολέμου καὶ μεγάλας ἐλπίδας ὑποθεὶς προετρέψατο τοὺς συνέδρους εἰς πόλεμον»</ref> and the judges (''[[Dikastai]]''). Delegates of the member-states (''Synedroi'') were responsible for administering the common affairs of the League. They were summoned and presided over by a committee of presiding officers (''Proedroi''), chosen by lot in time of peace, and by the Hegemon in time of war.{{Sfn|Cawkwell|1978|page=171}} Decrees of the league were issued in [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]], [[Athens]], [[Delphi]], [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]] and [[Pydna]].<ref>A History of Macedonia: Volume II: 550-336 B.C.  Page 639 {{ISBN|0-19-814814-3}}</ref> The League maintained an army levied from member states in approximate proportion to their size, while Philip established Hellenic garrisons (commanded by [[phrourarch]]s, or garrison commanders) in Corinth, [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], [[Pydna]]<ref>Diodorus Sicilus, Book 16.8.[3]: «τόπων εὐφυῶς πολλὰ συνεβάλετο τῷ Φιλίππῳ πρὸς αὔξησιν. εὐθὺ γὰρ τὴν μὲν '''Πύδναν''' ἐχειρώσατο»</ref> and [[Ambracia]].

==Treaty of the Common Peace==
All members states of the League of Corinth were listed in the oath they sworn under the 'Treaty of the Common Peace' (''Koine Eirene''). The peace was watched over by a Macedonian garrison positioned at the heights of the [[Acrocorinth]] and [[Chalcis]], as well as at the [[Cadmea]] of Thebes.{{Sfn|Grant|2017|p=24}} (A fragmentary inscription of the oath was found in Athens)<ref>[http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=2454&bookid=5&region=1&subregion=71 IG II² 236]</ref><ref>Rhodes, P.J. and Robin Osborne. ''Greek Historical Inscriptions, 404-323 BC'', p. 373 {{ISBN|0-19-921649-5}}</ref>

===Text===
{{cquote|[․․․․․․․․․21․․․․․․․․․․ Ποσ]ειδῶ ․․5․․
․․․․․․․․․․22․․․․․․․․․․ς ἐμμεν[ῶ ․․․․]
․․․․․․․․․․22․․․․․․․․․․νον[τ]ας τ․․․․
[․․․․․․․․18․․․․․․․․ οὐδ]ὲ ὅπλα ἐ[π]οί[σω ἐ]-
[πὶ πημονῆι ἐπ’ οὐδένα τῶν] ἐμμενόντ[ω]ν ἐν τ-
[οῖς ὅρκοις οὔτε κατὰ γῆν] οὔτε κατὰ [θ]άλασ-
[σαν· οὐδὲ πόλιν οὐδὲ φρο]ύριον καταλήψομ-
[αι οὔτε λιμένα ἐπὶ πολέ]μωι οὐθενὸς τῶν τ-
[ῆς εἰρήνης κοινωνούντ]ων τέχνηι οὐδεμι-
[ᾶι οὔτε μηχανῆι· οὐδὲ τ]ὴν βασιλείαν [τ]ὴν Φ-
[ιλίππου καὶ τῶν ἐκγόν]ων καταλύσω ὀδὲ τὰ-
[ς πολιτείας τὰς οὔσας] παρ’ ἑκάστοις ὅτε τ-
[οὺς ὅρκους τοὺς περὶ τ]ῆς εἰρήνης ὤμνυον·
[οὐδὲ ποιήσω οὐδὲν ἐνα]ντίον ταῖσδε ταῖς
[σπονδαῖς οὔτ’ ἐγὼ οὔτ’ ἄλ]λωι ἐπιτρέψω εἰς
[δύναμιν, ἀλλ’ ἐάν τις ποε̑ι τι] παράσπονδ[ον] πε-
[ρὶ τὰς συνθήκας, βοηθήσω] καθότι ἂν παραγ-
[γέλλωσιν οἱ ἀεὶ δεόμενοι] καὶ πολεμήσω τῶ-
[ι τὴν κοινὴν εἰρήνην παρ]αβαίνοντι καθότι
[ἂν ἦι συντεταγμένον ἐμαυ]τῶι καὶ ὁ ἡγε[μὼ]-
[ν κελεύηι ․․․․․12․․․․․ κα]ταλείψω τε․․
— — — — — — — — — — — — — :𐅃
[— — — — — — — — — — : Θεσ]σαλῶν :Δ
[— — — — — — — — — — — ῶ]ν :ΙΙ
[— — — — — — — — — Ἐλειμ]ιωτῶν :Ι
[— — — — Σαμοθράικων καὶ] Θασίων :ΙΙ
— — — — — — — — — ων :ΙΙ: Ἀμβρακιωτ[ῶν]
[— — — — — — — ἀ]πὸ Θράικης καὶ
[— — — — — :] Φωκέων :ΙΙΙ: Λοκρῶν :ΙΙΙ
[— — — — Οἰτ]αίων καὶ Μαλιέων καὶ
[Αἰνιάνων :ΙΙΙ: — καὶ Ἀγ]ραίων καὶ Δολόπων :𐅃
[— — — — — — : Πε]ρραιβῶν :ΙΙ
[— — — — — : Ζακύνθο]υ καὶ Κεφαληνίας :ΙΙΙ}}

===Translation===
{{cquote|Oath. I swear by [[Zeus]], [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], [[Helios]], [[Poseidon]] and all the gods and goddesses. I will abide by the common peace and I will neither break the agreement with Philip, nor take up arms on land or sea, harming any of those abiding by the oaths. Nor shall I take any city, or fortress, nor harbour by craft or contrivance, with intent of war against the participants of the war. Nor shall I depose the kingship of Philip or his descendants, nor the constitutions existing in each state, when they swore the oaths of the peace. Nor shall I do anything contrary to these agreements, nor shall I allow anyone else as far as possible. But if anyone does commit any breach of the treaty, I shall go in support as called by those who need and I shall fight the transgressors of the common peace, as decided (by the council) and called on by the [[hegemon]] and I shall not abandon--------

---- of [[Thessalians]]--[[Elimiotes]]--[[Samothracians]] and [[Thasians]]---[[Ambraciots]]---from Thrace and---[[Phocians]], [[Locrians]]
[[Oitaeans]] and [[Malians (Greek tribe)|Malians]] and [[Ainianes]] --and [[Agraeans]] and [[Dolopes]]---[[Perrhaebi]]---of [[Zacynthus]] and of [[Cephalenia]].
}}

==Alexandrian campaigns==
The decision for the [[Siege of Thebes|destruction of Thebes]] as transgressor of the above oath was taken by the council of the League of Corinth by a large majority.<ref>Arrian 1.9.9-10, Diodorus Siculus 17.14.1, Justin 11.3.6</ref> Beyond the violation of the oath, the council judged that the Thebans were thus finally punished for their betrayal of the Greeks during the Persian Wars.<ref>Arrian [1.9.7] «ὡς τῆς τε '''ἐν τῷ Μηδικῷ πολέμῳ προδοσίας τῶν Ἑλλήνων''' διὰ μακροῦ ταύτην δίκην ἐκτίσαντας Θηβαίους»</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, Book 17, 14.[2][3][4]: «τοὺς δὲ '''συνέδρους τῶν Ἑλλήνων''' συναγαγὼν ἐπέτρεψε τῷ '''κοινῷ συνεδρίῳ πῶς χρηστέον τῇ πόλει τῶν Θηβαίων'''. [2] προτεθείσης οὖν βουλῆς τῶν ἀλλοτρίως διακειμένων τοῖς Θηβαίοις τινὲς ἐπεχείρουν συμβουλεύειν ἀπαραιτήτοις τιμωρίαις δεῖν περιβαλεῖν αὐτούς, '''ἀπεδείκνυον δ᾽ αὐτοὺς τὰ τῶν βαρβάρων πεφρονηκότας κατὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων: καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ Ξέρξου συμμαχοῦντας τοῖς Πέρσαις ἐστρατευκέναι κατὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος''' καὶ μόνους τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὡς εὐεργέτας τιμᾶσθαι παρὰ τοῖς βασιλεῦσι τῶν Περσῶν καὶ πρὸ τῶν βασιλέων τοῖς πρεσβεύουσι τῶν Θηβαίων τίθεσθαι θρόνους. [3] '''πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα διελθόντες παρώξυναν τὰς τῶν συνέδρων ψυχὰς κατὰ τῶν Θηβαίων καὶ πέρας ἐψηφίσαντο τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατασκάψαι''', τοὺς δ᾽ αἰχμαλώτους ἀποδόσθαι, τοὺς δὲ φυγάδας τῶν Θηβαίων ἀγωγίμους ὑπάρχειν ἐξ ἁπάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ μηδένα τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὑποδέχεσθαι Θηβαῖον. [4] '''ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἀκολούθως τῇ τοῦ συνεδρίου γνώμῃ τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατασκάψας'''»</ref> The League is mentioned by [[Arrian]] (I, 16, 7), after the [[Battle of Granicus]] (334 BC). Alexander sent 300 [[panoplies]] to the temple of [[Pallas Athena]] in Athens, with the following inscription. {{cquote|Alexander, son of Philip, and the Hellenes, except the [[Lacedaemonians]], from the barbarians inhabiting Asia<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0530%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D16%3Asection%3D7|Anabasis I.16.7]</ref>}}

Also, Diodorus Siculus (Βίβλος ΙΖ’ 48.[6]) mentions the council's decision in 333 BC, after the [[Battle of Issus]], to send ambassadors to Alexander that will bring the ''Excellence of Greece'' (Golden Wreath).<ref>Diodorus Siculus, Book ΙΖ' 48.[6] «οἱ δὲ σύνεδροι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐψηφίσαντο πέμψαι πρέσβεις πεντεκαίδεκα '''στέφανον φέροντας χρυσοῦν παρὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀριστεῖον Ἀλεξάνδρῳ''' καὶ συνησθησομένους τῇ κατὰ Κιλικίαν νίκῃ»</ref> During 331 BC after the [[Battle of Megalopolis]], Sparta appealed to Alexander for terms, to which he agreed on condition that the Lacedaemonians now joined the League of Corinth.<ref>Savill, Agnes. ''Alexander the Great and his Time'', p. 44 {{ISBN|0-88029-591-0}}</ref> During the Asiatic campaign, [[Antipater]] was appointed deputy hegemon of the League<ref>Alexander the Great: a reader By Ian Worthington Page 305  {{ISBN|0-415-29187-9}}</ref> while Alexander personally recommended that the Athenians turn their attention to things; in case something happened to him, Athens would take over the power in Greece.<ref>Plutarch, ''Alexander'' [13.1] & [13.2]: «'''Ἀθηναίοις''' δὲ διηλλάγη...ἀλλὰ καὶ προσέχειν ἐκέλευσε τοῖς πράγμασι τὸν νοῦν τὴν πόλιν, ὡς εἴ τι συμβαίη περὶ αὐτὸν, ἄρξουσαν τῆς '''Ἑλλάδος'''»</ref>

==Aftermath==
The League was dissolved after the [[Lamian War]] in 322 BC.<ref>[[Sarah B. Pomeroy|Pomeroy, Sarah B.]] ''Ancient Greece: A Political, Social, and Cultural History'', p. 467 {{ISBN|0-19-509742-4}}</ref>  Following the victory of [[Demetrius I of Macedon|Demetrius I Poliorcetes]] at the [[Battle of Salamis]] in 306 BC, his father, [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus]], assumed the title of ''[[Basileus]]'' ("King" of Alexander's Empire) by the assembled armies and gained control over the [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]], the [[eastern Mediterranean]], and most of the Middle East. While Antigonus and Demetrius attempted to recreate Philip II's Hellenic league with themselves as dual hegemons,{{Sfn|Cawkwell|1978|page=170}} a revived coalition of the [[diadochi]]; [[Cassander]], [[Ptolemy I Soter]], [[Seleucus I Nicator]], and [[Lysimachus]] decisively defeated them at the [[Battle of Ipsus]] in 301 BC, in which Antigonus I was killed.<ref>Adams, Winthrop Lindsay (2010). "Alexander's Successors to 221 BC". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). ''A Companion to Ancient Macedonia''. Oxford, Chichester, & Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 217. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-7936-2}}</ref>

[[Antigonus III Doson]] (r. 229 – 221 BC) revived the Hellenic League, this time better known as the 'Hellenic Alliance',{{Sfn|Erskine|2009|page=155}} in 224 BC placing himself as the president. The league functioned as an alliance (''[[Symmachia (alliance)|symmachia]]'') of existing Greek federations under Macedonian hegemony. This alliance consisted not of [[Polis|''poleis'']], but rather of larger regional entities, like the Achaeans, Thessalians, Boeotians, Epirotes etc.{{Sfn|Erskine|2009|page=155 :"Unlike previous Macedonian-sponsored alliances of Greek states, however, Doson's ''symmachia'' was not made up of ''poleis'', rather, its constituents were all regional entities: the Achaians, Thessalians, Macedonians, Boiotians, Phokians, Akarnanians and Epeirotes"}} These federations maintained internal autonomy, but were interdependent with respect to foreign policy.{{Sfn|Speake|2021|page=90 :"One of the most important acts of Doson's reign was the foundation in 224 BC of the so-called Hellenic League, an alliance of existing Greek federations under Macedonian hegemony. The various federations were to be internally autonomous, but interdependent with respect to foreign policy"}} Antigonus' league expanded Antigonid rule in southern Greece recovering [[Arcadia (region)|Arcadia]] in 224 BC and defeating king [[Cleomenes III]] of Sparta at the [[Battle of Sellasia]] in 222 BC.{{Sfn|Speake|2021|page=90}} Doson managed to restore internal stability in Macedon and reestablish its position as the dominant power in Hellenistic Greece.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antigonid dynasty {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Antigonid-dynasty |access-date=2023-12-11 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Trever, Albert Augustus. ''History of Ancient Civilization, Volume 1'', p. 479 {{ISBN|0-7735-2890-3}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Koinon]]
*[[Symmachia (alliance)]]
*[[Hellenic League (disambiguation)]]
*[[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cawkwell |first=George |title=Philip of Macedon |publisher=Faber & Faber |year=1978 |isbn=0571109586}}
* {{Cite book |last=Davis Hanson |first=Victor |title=Makers of Ancient Strategy: From the Persian Wars to the Fall of Rome |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-1400834259}}
* {{Cite book |last=Grant |first=David |title=In Search of the Lost Testament of Alexander the Great |publisher=Matador |year=2017 |isbn=9781785899539}}
* {{Cite book |last=Harle |first=Vihlo |title=Ideas of Social Order in the Ancient World |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=1998 |isbn=031330582X}}
* {{Cite book |last=Erskine |first=Andrew |title=A Companion to the Hellenistic World |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2009 |isbn=978-1405154413}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kinzl |first=Konrad H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loeWIRBo3isC |title=A Companion to the Classical Greek World |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-1444334128}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pohlenz |first=M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUY71_oc4b0C&q=%22league+of+corinth%22+%22hellas%22&pg=PA20 |title=Freedom in Greek Life and Thought: The History of an Ideal |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=1966 |isbn=9027700095}}
* {{Cite book |last=Speake |first=Graham |title=Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition |publisher=Routledge |year=2021 |isbn=978-1135942069}}
* {{Cite book |last=Yates |first=David C. |title=States of Memory, The Polis, Panhellenism, and the Persian War |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2019 |isbn=9780190673567}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Degen, Julian (2022). ''Alexander III. zwischen Ost und West. Indigene Traditionen und Herrschaftsinszenierung im makedonischen Weltimperium'' [Alexander III between East and West. Indigenous traditions and the staging of power in the Macedonian world empire]. Oriens et Occidens, vol. 39. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, {{ISBN|978-3-515-13283-1}}, pp. 52–249.
* Perlman, Shalom (1985). "Greek Diplomatic Tradition and the Corinthian League of Philip of Macedon". ''[[Historia (classical antiquity history journal)|Historia]]'' '''34''', pp. 153–174.

{{Ancient Greece topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Corinthian League}}
[[Category:330s BC establishments]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek hegemonic leagues]]
[[Category:Military history of ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Former international organizations]]
[[Category:Macedonia (ancient kingdom)]]
[[Category:4th century BC in international relations]]
[[Category:4th-century BC military history]]
[[Category:Ancient military alliances]]
[[Category:Greek city-state federations]]
[[Category:Philip II of Macedon]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC]]