Editing Lazio

{{Short description|Region of Italy}}
{{About|the region of Italy|the football club|S.S. Lazio|other uses|Lazio (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| official_name           = Lazio
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = it
| other_name              = Latium
| settlement_type         = [[Regions of Italy|Region]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Lazio Flag.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Lazio Coat of Arms.svg
| shield_size             = 50px
| shield_alt              = 
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| blank_emblem_size       = 
| blank_emblem_type       = 
| blank_emblem_alt        = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| anthem                  = 
| image_map               = Lazio in Italy.svg
| mapsize                 = 
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_mapsize         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = 
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[Italy]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| seat_type               = Capital
| seat                    = [[Rome]]
| parts_type              = 
| parts_style             = 
| p1                      = 
| government_footnotes    = 
| government_type         = [[Semi-presidential system|President–council<br />government]]
| governing_body          = [[Politics of Lazio#Executive branch|Regional Cabinet]]
| leader_party            = Independent [[Centre-right coalition (Italy)|center-right]]
| leader_title1           = President
| leader_name1            = [[Francesco Rocca (politician)|Francesco Rocca]]
| leader_title2           = Legislature
| leader_name2            = [[Regional Council of Lazio|Regional Council]]
| total_type              = 
| unit_pref               = 
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 17242
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/lazio/statistiche/popolazione-andamento-demografico/|title=Popolazione Lazio (2001–2021) Grafici su dati ISTAT|publisher=tuttitalia.it|access-date=2022-12-23}}</ref>
| population_total        = 5,714,883
| population_as_of        = 31 December 2021
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = {{langx|en|Lazian}}<br/>{{langx|it|Laziale}}
| population_note         = 
| population_blank1_title = 
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| demographics1_info1     = 
| demographics1_title2    = 
| demographics1_info2     = 
| demographics1_title3    = 
| demographics1_info3     =
| demographics_type2      = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="GDP">{{cite web |  url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en | title=EU regions by GDP, Eurostat|access-date=18 September 2023|website=Ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
|demographics2_title1     = Total
|demographics2_info1      = €212.911 billion (2022) 
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = [[ISO 3166 code]] 
| area_code               = IT-62 
| blank2_name_sec1        = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
| blank2_info_sec1        = 0.930<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date= 2023-03-05}}</ref><br/>{{color|green|very high}} · [[List of Italian regions by Human Development Index|3rd of 21]]
| blank_name_sec2         = [[First-level NUTS of the European Union#Italy|NUTS Region]]
| blank_info_sec2         = ITE
| website                 = [http://www.regione.lazio.it/ www.regione.lazio.it]
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Lazio''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|l|æ|t|s|i|əʊ}} {{respell|LAT|see|oh}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|l|ɑː|t|-}} {{respell|LAHT|-}}; {{IPA|it|ˈlattsjo|lang}}) or '''Latium''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|eɪ|ʃ|i|ə|m}} {{respell|LAY|shee|əm}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|-|ʃ|ə|m}} {{respell|-|shəm}};<ref>{{cite American Heritage Dictionary|Lazio|access-date=6 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/latium |title=Latium |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |access-date=6 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161002140223/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Latium "Latium"] (US) and {{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Latium |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184446/https://www.lexico.com/definition/latium |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2020 |title=Latium |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|Lazio|access-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> from [[Latium|the original Latin name]], {{IPA|la|ˈɫati.ũː|pron}}) is one of the 20 [[Regions of Italy|administrative regions]] of [[Italy]]. Situated in the [[Central Italy|central peninsular section]] of the country, it has 5,714,882 inhabitants and a GDP of more than €212 billion per year, making it the country's second most populated region<ref name=pop/> and second largest regional economy after [[Lombardy]]. The capital of Lazio is [[Rome]], which is the [[capital city]] of Italy.

Lazio was the home of the [[Etruscan civilization]], then stood at the center of the [[Roman Republic]], of the [[Roman Empire]], of the [[Papal States]], of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] and of the [[Italian Republic]]. Lazio boasts a rich cultural heritage. Great artists and historical figures lived and worked in Rome, particularly during the [[Italian Renaissance]] period.

In remote antiquity, Lazio (''[[Latium]]'') included only a limited part of the current region, between the lower course of the [[Tiber]], the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]], the [[Monti Sabini]] and the [[Pontine Marshes]].<ref>{{Treccani|latium-et-campania_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27-Arte-Antica%29/|Latium et Campania|language=it}}</ref>

After the end of [[World War II]] and the fall of the [[Fascist Italy|Fascist regime]] Lazio and Italy saw [[Italian economic miracle|rapid economic growth]], in particular in Rome. Today, Lazio is a large center of [[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]] and [[international trade]], [[industry (economics)|industry]], [[public services]], and [[tourism]], supported by an extensive network of [[Transport in Italy|transport infrastructures]] thanks to its geographical position in the center of [[Italian Peninsula]] and the presence of Rome within it.

== Geography ==
{{Unsourced section|date=February 2025}} 
[[File:Lazio SRTM.png|thumb|left|Relief map of Lazio]]
[[File:Vallée de l'Aniene et Monts Prénestiens.JPG|thumb|left|Panorama of the [[Aniene]] Valley]]
[[File:Circeo.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Circeo National Park]] seen from [[Sabaudia]] beach]]

Lazio comprises a land area of {{convert|17,242|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and it has borders with [[Tuscany]], [[Umbria]], and [[Marche]] to the north, [[Abruzzo]] and [[Molise]] to the east, [[Campania]] to the south, and the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] to the west. The region is mainly hilly (56%) and mountainous (26%), with some plains (20%) along the coast and the Tiber valley.

The coast of Lazio is mainly composed of sandy beaches, punctuated by the headlands of [[Cape Circeo]] (541 m) and [[Gaeta]] (171 m). The [[Pontine Islands]], which are part of Lazio, are off Lazio's southern coast. Behind the coastal strip, to the north, lies the [[Maremma]] Laziale (the continuation of the Tuscan Maremma), a coastal plain interrupted at [[Civitavecchia]] by the [[Tolfa Mountains]] (616 m). The central section of the region is occupied by the [[Roman Campagna]], a vast [[alluvial plain]] surrounding the city of Rome, with an area of approximately {{convert|2100|km2|0|abbr=on}}. The southern districts are characterized by the flatlands of [[Agro Pontino]], a once swampy and [[malaria]]l area, that was [[land reclamation|reclaimed]] over the centuries.

The [[Preapennines]] of Latium, marked by the [[Tiber Valley]] and the [[Liri]] with the [[Sacco River|Sacco]] tributary, include on the right of the Tiber, three groups of mountains of volcanic origin: the [[Volsini]], [[Monti Cimini|Cimini]] and [[Monti Sabatini|Sabatini]], whose largest former craters are occupied by the [[Lake Bolsena|Bolsena]], [[Lake Vico|Vico]] and [[Lake Bracciano|Bracciano]] lakes. To the south of the Tiber, other mountain groups form part of the Preapennines: the [[Alban Hills]], also of volcanic origin, and the calcareous [[Monti Lepini|Lepini]], [[Ausoni Mountains|Ausoni]] and [[Aurunci Mountains]]. The Apennines of Latium are a continuation of the Apennines of Abruzzo: the Reatini Mountains with [[Terminillo]] (2,213 m), Mounts Sabini, [[Monti Prenestini|Prenestini]], [[Monti Simbruini|Simbruini]] and [[Monti Ernici|Ernici]] which continue east of the Liri into the [[Mainarde Mountains]]. The highest peak is Mount Gorzano (2,458 m) on the border with Abruzzo.

=== Climate ===

The region's [[climate]], monitored by several dozen meteorological stations (many of which managed by the Lazio Regional Hydrographic and Mareographic Office), shows considerable variability from area to area. In general, along the [[coast]], there is a [[mediterranean climate]], the temperature values vary between {{convert|9|–|10|C|F}} in January and {{convert|24|–|25|C|F}} in July.
Towards the interior, the climate is more [[Continental climate|continental]] and, on the hills, winters are cold and at night, temperatures can be quite frigid.

With particular regard to the [[sunshine duration]], it should also be noted that, among the regional capital cities in Italy, Rome is the one with the highest number of hours of [[sunshine]] and days with clear skies during the year.

== History ==
{{For|the history of ancient Lazio|Latium}}{{see also|List of museums in Lazio}}
[[File:RomaViaAppiaAntica03.JPG|thumb|The [[Appian Way]] (''Via Appia''), a road connecting [[Ancient Rome]] to the southern parts of Italy, remains usable even today.]]

The Italian word Lazio descends from the Latin word [[Latium]], the region of the [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latins]], ''Latini'' in the Latin language spoken by them and passed on to the Latin city-state of [[Rome|Ancient Rome]]. Although the demography of ancient Rome was [[Multinational state|multi-ethnic]], including, for example, Etruscans, Sabines and other [[Italic peoples|Italics]] besides the Latini, the latter were the dominant constituent. In [[Roman mythology]], the tribe of the Latini took their name from King [[Latinus]]. Apart from the mythical derivation of Lazio given by the ancients as the place where [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]], ruler of the [[golden age]] in Latium, hid (latuisset)<ref>''Aeneid'', VIII.323.</ref> from Jupiter there,<ref>{{cite book |title=The student's manual of ancient geography |url=https://archive.org/details/studentsmanuala00smitgoog |first1=William Latham |last1=Bevan |first2=William |last2=Smith |location=London |publisher=J. Murray |year=1875 |pages=530–531}}</ref> a major modern etymology is that Lazio comes from the Latin word "latus", meaning "wide",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/latin|title=latin &#124; Origin and meaning of the name latin |website=Online Etymology Dictionary }}</ref> expressing the idea of "flat land" meaning the [[Roman Campagna]]. Much of Lazio is in fact flat or rolling. The lands originally inhabited by the Latini were extended into the territories of the [[Samnites]], the [[Marsi]], the [[Hernici]], the [[Aequi]], the [[Aurunci]] and the [[Volsci]], all surrounding Italic tribes. This larger territory was still called Latium, but it was divided into [[Latium adiectum]] or Latium Novum, the added lands or New Latium, and Latium Vetus, or Old Latium, the older, smaller region. The northern border of Lazio was the [[Tiber]] river, which divided it from [[Etruria]].

The emperor [[Augustus]] officially united almost all of present-day Italy into a single geo-political entity, [[Italia (Roman Empire)|Italia]], dividing it into eleven regions. The part of today's Lazio south of the Tiber river – together with the present region of [[Campania]] immediately to the southeast of Lazio and the seat of [[Naples|Neapolis]] – became Region I (''Latium et Campania''), while modern [[Province of Viterbo|Upper Lazio]] became part of ''Regio VII – Etruria'', and today's [[Province of Rieti]] joined ''Regio IV – Samnium''.

After [[Kingdom of Italy (Ostrogothic)#Conquest of Italy by the Goths .28488.E2.80.93493.29|the Gothic conquest of Italy]] at the end of the fifth century, modern Lazio became part of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]], but after the [[Gothic War (535-554)|Gothic War between 535 and 554]] and conquest by the [[Byzantine Empire]], the region became the property of the Eastern Emperor as the [[Duchy of Rome]]. However, the long wars against the [[Longobards]] weakened the region. With the [[Donation of Sutri]] in 728, the [[Pope]] acquired the first territory in the region beyond the Duchy of Rome.

The strengthening of the religious and ecclesiastical aristocracy led to continuous power struggles between secular lords (''[[Baron]]i'') and the Pope until the middle of the 16th century. [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]] tried to strengthen his own territorial power, wishing to assert his authority in the provincial administrations of Tuscia, Campagna and Marittima through the Church's representatives, in order to reduce the power of the [[Colonna family]]. Other popes tried to do the same. During the period when the papacy resided in [[Avignon Papacy|Avignon, France]] (1309–1377), the feudal lords' power increased due to the absence of the Pope from Rome. Small communes, and Rome above all, opposed the lords' increasing power, and with [[Cola di Rienzo]], they tried to present themselves as antagonists of the ecclesiastical power. However, between 1353 and 1367, the papacy regained control of Lazio and the rest of the [[Papal States]]. From the middle of the 16th century, the papacy politically unified Lazio with the Papal States,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/601-bigger-than-you-think-the-vatican-and-its-annexes|title=Bigger Than You Think: the Vatican and its Annexes|last=Jacobs|first=Frank|work=Big Think|access-date=2018-06-25}}</ref> so that these territories became provincial administrations of St. Peter's estate; governors in [[Viterbo]], in Marittima and [[Campagna]], and in [[Frosinone]] administered them for the papacy.

Lazio was part of the short-lived [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Roman Republic]], after which it became a [[puppet state]] of the [[First French Republic]] under the forces of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]. Lazio was returned to the Papal States in October 1799. In 1809, it was annexed to the French Empire under the name of the [[Rome (department)|Department of Tibre]], but returned to the Pope's control in 1815.

On 20 September 1870 the [[capture of Rome]], during the reign of Pope [[Pius IX]], and France's defeat at [[Battle of Sedan|Sedan]], completed [[Italian unification]], and Lazio was incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Italy]]. In 1927, the territory of the province of Rieti, belonging to [[Umbria]] and [[Abruzzo]], joined Lazio. Towns in Lazio were devastated by the [[August 2016 Central Italy earthquake|2016 Central Italy earthquake]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/25/world/europe/italy-earthquake.html Powerful Earthquakes in Italy].</ref>

{{wide image|Rome (Italy) - Panoramic view from St. Peter's Basilica (Vatican City) - March 2012.jpg|1600px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of Rome from St. Peter's Basilica (Vatican City)|dir=rtl}}

== Economy ==
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2025}} 
[[File:Palazzo Eni (Rome) in 2021.02.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of [[Eni]] in [[EUR, Rome|EUR]], [[Rome]]]]
Agriculture, crafts, animal husbandry and fishery are the main traditional sources of income. Agriculture is characterized by the cultivation of wine grapes, fruit, vegetables and olives. Lazio is the main growing region of [[Kiwifruit|kiwifruit]] in Italy.

Approximately 73% of the working population are employed in the services sector, which contribute 85.8% of regional GDP; this is a considerable proportion, but is justified by the presence of Rome, which is the core of public administration, media, utility, telecommunication, transport, tourism and other sectors. Many national and multinational corporations, public and private, have their headquarters in Rome ([[Eni|ENI]], [[Anonima Petroli Italiana|Italiana Petroli]], [[Enel]], [[Acea (company)|Acea]], [[Terna Group|Terna]], [[Gruppo TIM|TIM]], [[Poste italiane]], [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]], [[ITA Airways]], [[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane]], [[RAI]]).

Lazio's limited industrial sector and highly developed service industries allowed the region to well outperform the Italian economy in 2009 in the heart of the global financial crisis, but it was strongly affected by the [[COVID-19]] crisis of 2020–2021 due to the lock-downs.

Industrial development in Lazio is limited to the areas south of Rome. Communications and – above all – the setting of the border of the [[Cassa per il Mezzogiorno|Cassa del Mezzogiorno]] some kilometers south of Rome have influenced the position of industry, favouring the areas with the best links to Rome and those near the [[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|Autostrada del Sole]], especially around [[Frosinone]]. Additional factor was cheap energy supply from [[Latina Nuclear Power Plant]] and [[Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant]], which are now out of the operation after Italian nuclear energy referendum.

=== Industry ===
[[File:2017_Alfa_Romeo_Giulia_Veloce_TB_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg|thumb|[[Alfa Romeo Giulia (952)|Alfa Romeo Giulia]]]]
[[File:Calc%C3%A1reo_Travertino1.jpg|thumbnail|[[Travertine]]]]

Industry contributes a small part of GDP: its share is 8.9% compared to 25.0% in [[Veneto]] and 24.0% in [[Emilia-Romagna]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCCN_PILPRODT |title=Prodotto interno lordo lato produzione – dati territoriali (milioni di euro) – edizioni precedenti ottobre 2014<!-- Titolo generato automaticamente --> |access-date=26 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503131905/http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCCN_PILPRODT |archive-date=3 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Rome]] it is even less with 7%, compared with 12% from tourism. Since a large part of Lazio's GDP is produced by the [[service sector]], with high [[value added]].

Firms are often small to medium in size and operate in the 
* oil refining ([[Gaeta]])
* automobile ([[Alfa Romeo Cassino Plant|Cassino Plant]], which produced 53,422 [[Alfa Romeo]] cars in 2020 and has 3,433 employees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.startmag.it/smartcity/stellantis-cosa-succedera-agli-stabilimenti-fca-di-torino-pomigliano-e-melfi/|title=Stellantis Report 2020|date=11 January 2021|language=it}}</ref>)
* yachts and boats (Canados Shipyard in [[Ostia (Rome)|Rome-Ostia]])
* engineering ([[Rieti]], [[Anagni]] (rotor blades and composite structures;<ref name="Leo1"/> stone extractions machines Fantoni Sud), [[Frosinone]] (helicopter transmissions<ref name="Leo1"/>)) 
* electronic ([[Viterbo]], [[Rome]], [[Pomezia]],<ref name="Leo1"/> [[Latina, Lazio|Latina]]<ref name="Leo1"/>). A large [[Texas Instruments]] plant in [[Rieti]] was closed with the loss of thousands of jobs.
* building and building materials ([[Rome]], [[Civitavecchia]])
**Well-developed [[travertine]]-processing industry, especially in the Ausoni-Tiburtina area ([[Tivoli, Lazio|Tivoli]] and [[Guidonia Montecelio]] quarries).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltravertino.com/|title=Societa del Travertino Romano|language=it}}</ref> 
**ca. 70% of the national sanitary ceramics comes from [[Civita Castellana]] industrial district and [[Gaeta]] 
* textile ([[:it:Distretto tessile della Valle del Liri|Valle del Liri]]). In the district the production relationships are mostly of the subcontractor type, 40% of the companies produce semi-finished and finished products not intended for marketing.

There is some R&D activity in [[high technology]]: [[IBM]] ([[IBM Rome Software Lab]]), [[Ericsson]], [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo Electronics]] (Rome-Tiburtina, Rome-Laurentina, [[Pomezia]], [[Latina, Lazio|Latina]]),<ref name="Leo1">{{cite web|url=https://www.leonardocompany.com/en/global/europe/italy|title=Leonardo locations in Italy|access-date=2021-05-14|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628055214/https://www.leonardocompany.com/en/global/europe/italy|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Rheinmetall]] ("Radar House") and tire industry: [[Bridgestone]] (R&D center in [[Rome]] and proving grounds in [[Aprilia, Lazio|Aprilia]]).

===Consumer goods===
The most distinctive industry in Lazio is production of household chemicals, pharmaceutical, hygiene goods and medical products: [[Sigma-Tau]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], [[Procter & Gamble]], [[Colgate Palmolive]], [[Henkel]], [[Pfizer]], [[Abbott Laboratories|Abbott]], [[Catalent]], [[Angelini]], [[Menarini]], Biopharma, [[Wepa (company)|Wepa]].

===Space===
* [[Avio]] in [[Colleferro]] has headquarters and make research, development and manufacturing of solid propellant motors and liquid propellant engines for launch vehicles and tactical propulsion systems; boosters for [[Ariane 5]] rocket
* Satellite services are provided from [[Telespazio]] which headquarters in [[Rome]] 
* [[Thales Alenia Space]] has 2 locations in [[Rome]] (Tiburtina and Saccomuro) and makes design and integration of terrestrial observation, navigation and telecommunications satellites

=== Agriculture ===
[[File:Kiwis_006eue.jpg|thumbnail|right|Kiwifruit]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Cereals<ref>[http://dati-censimentoagricoltura.istat.it/?lang=it# Istat:Censimento Agricoltura 2010]</ref>
!Сultivated area, ha
|-
|[[Durum wheat]]
|style="text-align:right;"|53,398
|-
|[[Barley]]
|style="text-align:right;"|14,294
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|style="text-align:right;"|12,850
|-
|[[Maize]]
|style="text-align:right;"|11,720
|-
|[[Oats]]
|style="text-align:right;"|5,635
|}

From fruits the most important are [[kiwifruit]] (1st place in Italy) and [[Corylus avellana|hazel nuts]] "Nocciola romana". Italy itself is the second largest producer of kiwifruit worldwide and was surpassed only by [[China]]. Infrastructure which has been used for grape growing was easily adapted for kiwifruit cultivation.

=== Animal husbandry ===
[[File:Pecorino_romano_cheese.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Pecorino romano|''Pecorino romano'' cheese]]]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.regione.lazio.it/statistica/it/lazio-in-numeri/agricoltura/allevamenti |title=Annuario statistico Regione Lazio |access-date=2021-05-13 |archive-date=2021-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513231616/http://www.regione.lazio.it/statistica/it/lazio-in-numeri/agricoltura/allevamenti |url-status=dead }}</ref>
!Italy
!Share %
!Lazio
!Share %
!% Lazio in <br />Italian Total
|-
|Cattle
|style="text-align:right;"|5,974,947
|style="text-align:right;"|26.0%
|style="text-align:right;"|202,124
|style="text-align:right;"|18.4%
|style="text-align:right;"|3.4%
|-
|Buffalo
|style="text-align:right;"|402,286
|style="text-align:right;"|1.8%
|style="text-align:right;"|60,821
|style="text-align:right;"|5.5%
|style="text-align:right;"|15.1%
|-
|Sheep
|style="text-align:right;"|7,000,880
|style="text-align:right;"|30.5%
|style="text-align:right;"|750,529
|style="text-align:right;"|68.2%
|style="text-align:right;"|10.7%
|-
|Goats
|style="text-align:right;"|1,058,720
|style="text-align:right;"|4.6%
|style="text-align:right;"|35,194
|style="text-align:right;"|3.2%
|style="text-align:right;"|3.3%
|-
|Pigs
|style="text-align:right;"|8,510,268
|style="text-align:right;"|37.1%
|style="text-align:right;"|51,740
|style="text-align:right;"|4.7%
|style="text-align:right;"|0.6%
|-
|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:right;"|22,947,101
|style="text-align:right;"|100.0%
|style="text-align:right;"|1,100,408
|style="text-align:right;"|100.0%
|style="text-align:right;"|4.8%
|}

Only sheep and buffalo herds are significant nationwide. Both are kept predominantly for milk, which is used in the production of ''[[pecorino romano]]'' and ''[[Buffalo mozzarella|mozzarella di bufala]]'' cheese. Sheep herds are the 3rd nationwide after [[Sardinia]] and [[Sicily]]. 40% of sheep are bred in [[province of Viterbo]].

=== Viticulture ===
Vineyards cover {{convert|47,884|ha|acre}} in Lazio. 90% of wines are white. In production of quality wine Lazio has rank 14 of 20 with 190.557 hl.
There are 3 DOCG wines:
* [[Frascati DOC|Frascati Superiore]]
* [[Frascati DOC|Cannellino di Frascati]]
* Cesanese del Piglio

=== Tourism ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Colosseo 2020.jpg|The [[Colosseum]], symbol of Rome in the world, [[World Heritage Site]] and one of the [[New 7 Wonders of the World|seven wonders of the modern world]]
File:Musei Vaticani. Braccio Nuovo.JPG|The [[Vatican Museums]], one of the [[List of most-visited art museums|most visited art museums in the world]]
File:Faber Village, Lido di Ostia RM, Lazio, Italy - panoramio (3).jpg|[[Ostia (Rome)|Ostia Lido]] beach
File:Terminillo0000001.jpg|Skiers on the slope at Pian de' Valli ([[Monte Terminillo]]) 
File:Villa d'Este 01.jpg|[[Villa d'Este]] in [[Tivoli, Lazio|Tivoli]], [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]]
File:Doria Pamphili 6284.jpg|Casino del Bel Respiro, [[Villa Doria Pamphili]]
</gallery>

Tourism in Lazio is a thriving sector especially as regards tourism linked to art and monuments and places of interest in the region ([[Tourism in Rome|Rome]] in particular), religious tourism ([[Vatican City]], Rome and the sanctuaries of Lazio), summer seaside tourism especially in upper and lower Lazio ([[Santa Marinella]], [[Ladispoli]], [[Anzio]], [[Nettuno]], [[Sabaudia]], [[San Felice Circeo]], [[Terracina]], [[Sperlonga]], [[Gaeta]]) and summer/winter tourism in the [[ski resort]]s of the Lazio Apennines ([[Monte Terminillo]], [[Leonessa]], [[Cittareale]], Monte Livata, Campo Staffi and Campocatino, Altipiani di [[Arcinazzo Romano|Arcinazzo]]). Other points of interest in the region are the area of the [[Roman Castles]], located south-east of the city of Rome, around the [[Alban Hills]], made up of a group of towns and cities, partly in the territory of [[Latium Vetus]], surrounded by the [[Roman Campagna]]. Also the areas around [[Lake Bracciano]] and [[Lake Bolsena]], Lazio is home to 14 lakes of volcanic origin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.italyreview.com/lakes-of-lazio.html|title=Lakes of Lazio|access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref> One of the most important archaeological park in [[Italy]] is [[Ostia Antica]], known as the port of ancient Rome, Ostia was a city of the Latium Vetus, located near the mouth of the [[Tiber river]]. [[Civita di Bagnoregio]], also known as "the dying city", has become a popular tourist destination in the country.

According to [[Italian National Institute of Statistics|Istat]] data relating to 2018, Lazio is one of the most visited regions in Italy and Europe and one of the first in terms of number of international presences. Rome is the most visited city in Italy with around 30 million visitors per year. Among the most visited sites of interest include the [[Colosseum]] and [[Imperial fora]], [[Castel Sant'Angelo]] and the complex of [[Hadrian's Villa]] and [[Villa d'Este]], among the museum itineraries the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]], the [[Gardens of Bomarzo]], the [[Abbey of Fossanova]], [[Monte Cassino Abbey]] and [[Farfa Abbey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.istat.it/it/files//2019/12/C19.pdf|title=Movimento turistico Italia 2018|access-date=1 February 2024|language=it}}</ref>

Lazio has many small and picturesque villages, 25 of them have been selected by {{lang|it|[[I Borghi più belli d'Italia]]}} ({{langx|en|The most beautiful Villages of Italy}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://borghipiubelliditalia.it/lazio/|title=Lazio|date=9 January 2017 |access-date=1 August 2023|language=it}}</ref> a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/viaggi/2023/01/16/news/borghi_piu_belli_italia_14_nuovi_2023-383794441/|title=Borghi più belli d'Italia. Le 14 novità 2023, dal Trentino alla Calabria|date=16 January 2023 |access-date=28 July 2023|language=it}}</ref> that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://borghipiubelliditalia.it/ |title = I Borghi più belli d'Italia, la guida online ai piccoli centri dell'Italia nascosta|access-date=3 May 2018|language=it}}</ref>

=== Statistics ===
Lazio [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] growth from 2013 to 2017 in [[euro]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
|-
|Lazio
|181.204,9
|181,750.8
|183.417,6
|190,600.4
|193,796.8
|}
In 2019 there were 657,855 companies, 10.8% of the national total.

The table below shows the GDP, produced in Lazio at current market prices in 2006,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dati.istat.it/ |title= Dati Istat – Tavole regionali |access-date=30 May 2023 }}</ref> expressed in millions of euros, broken down into the main economic macro-activities:
<div style="font-size:90%; border:0px; padding:0px; margin-left:1em; margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px; text-align:center">
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;"
|-
| align=left | '''Macro-economic activity''' || '''Product GDP''' || '''% sector on regional GDP''' || '''% sector on Italian GDP'''
|-
| align=left |Agriculture, forestry, fishing|| €1,709.3 || 1.06% || 1.84%
|-
| align=left |Industry in the strict sense|| €14,208.2 || 8.85% || 18.30%
|-
| align=left |Buildings|| €6,872.1 || 4.28% || 5.41%
|-
| align=left |Commerce, repairs, hotels and restaurants, transport and communications|| €37,305.5 || 23.24% || 20.54%
|-
| align=left |Monetary and financial intermediation; real estate and entrepreneurial activities || €45,100.7 || 28.10% || 24.17%
|-
| align=left |Other service activities|| €39,411.8 || 24.55% || 18.97%
|-
| align=left |VAT, net indirect taxes on products and taxes on imports|| €15,909.9 || 9.91% || 10.76%
|-
| align=left |'''Lazio GDP at market prices'''|| '''€160,517.5''' || ||
|-
|}</div>

=== Unemployment ===
The unemployment rate stood at '''7.7%''' in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Unemployment_statistics_at_regional_level|title=Unemployment NUTS 2 regions Eurostat|language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
!2018
!2019
!2020
!2021
!2022
|-
|'''unemployment rate'''<br/>'''(in %)'''
|7.5% 
|6.4% 
|7.5% 
|8.4% 
|9.2% 
|8.7% 
|10.6% 
|12.0%
|12.5%
|11.8%
|11.1% 
|10.7% 
|11.2%
|9.9%
|9.1%
|10.0%
|7.7%
|}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
|type = 
|footnote = Source:<ref name=pop/>
|1861 |356000
|1871 |1173000
|1881 |1257000
|1901 |1586000
|1911 |1771000
|1921 |1997000
|1931 |2349000
|1936 |2655000
|1951 |3340798|1961 |3958957|1971 |4689482|1981 |5001684|1991 |5140371|2001 |5112413|2011 |5502886
|2021 |5714882
}}

With a population of 5,714,882 million (as of 31 December 2021), Lazio is the second-most populated region of Italy.<ref name=pop/> The overall population density in the region is 341 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>. However, the population density widely ranges from almost 800 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup> in the highly urbanized [[Rome metropolitan area]] to less than 60 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup> in the mountainous and rural [[province of Rieti]]. As of January 2023, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 615,108 foreign-born immigrants live in Lazio, equal to 11.1% of the total regional population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign-born population in Italy, 1 January 2023|url=http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?QueryId=19115|publisher=Istat|access-date=30 May 2023}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Main resident foreign populations<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/lazio/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2021/ |title=Tuttitalia |access-date=30 May 2023 }}</ref>
|-
! No. !! Nationality || Population (1 January 2021)
|-
|1||{{flag|Romania}}||192,983
|-
|2||{{flag|Philippines}}|| 44,490
|-
|3||{{flag|Bangladesh}}|| 41,109
|-
|4||{{flag|India}}|| 32,653
|-
|5||{{flag|China}}|| 25,553
|-
|6||{{flag|Albania}}|| 24,233
|-
|7||{{flag|Ukraine}}|| 24,149
|-
|8||{{flag|Egypt}}|| 16,709
|-
|9||{{flag|Poland}}|| 16,043
|-
|10||{{flag|Morocco}}|| 14,899
|-
|11||{{flag|Peru}}|| 14,778
|-
|12||{{flag|Moldova}}|| 13,500
|-
|13||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}|| 11,667
|-
|14||{{flag|Nigeria}}|| 10,806
|-
|}

== Government and politics ==
{{Main|Politics of Lazio}}

Lazio has a system of [[representative democracy]] in which the President of the Region (''{{lang|it|Presidente della Regione}}'') is the [[head of government]] and of a pluriform [[multi-party system]]. [[Executive power]] is vested in the regional government (''{{lang|it|Giunta Regionale}}'') and [[legislative power]] is vested in the [[Regional Council of Lazio|Regional Council]] (''{{lang|it|Consiglio Regionale}}'').

Rome is [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] politically oriented by tradition, while the rest of Lazio is [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] oriented. In the [[2008 Italian general election|2008 general election]], Lazio gave 44.2% of its vote to the centre-right coalition, while the centre-left block took 41.4% of vote. In the [[2013 Italian general election|2013 general election]], Lazio gave 40.7% of its vote to the centre-left block coalition, 29.3% to the centre-right coalition and 20.2 to the [[Five Star Movement]].

The current president of Lazio is [[Francesco Rocca (politician)|Francesco Rocca]], independent politician and former president of the [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]], in office in the [[Centre-right coalition (Italy)|centre-right coalition]].

== Administrative divisions ==
Lazio is divided into four [[Provinces of Italy|provinces]] and one [[Metropolitan cities of Italy|metropolitan (province-level) city]]:

[[File:Latium Provinces.png|none|425px]] 
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:.8em"
|-
! style="background:#ccf;"|Coat of arms
! style="background:#ccf;"|Province
! style="background:#ccf;"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! style="background:#ccf;"|Population
! style="background:#ccf;"|Density<br />(inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
| [[File:Provincia di Frosinone-Stemma.svg|50px]]
| [[Province of Frosinone]]
| 3,244
| 496,545
| 153.1
|-
| [[File:Provincia di Latina-Stemma.svg|50px]]
| [[Province of Latina]]
| 2,251
| 543,844
| 241.4
|-
| [[File:Provincia di Rieti-Stemma.svg|50px]]
| [[Province of Rieti]]
| 2,749
| 158,545
| 57.7
|-
| [[File:Provincia di Roma-Stemma.svg|50px]]
| [[Metropolitan City of Rome Capital]]
| 5,352
| 4,097,085
| 765.5
|-
| [[File:Provincia di Viterbo-Stemma.svg|50px]]
| [[Province of Viterbo]]
| 3,612
| 314,690
| 87.1
|}

<div style="width:85%;">
{{Largest cities
| country     = Lazio
| stat_ref    = Source: [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]];<ref name="Istat">{{cite web |url= https://www.tuttitalia.it/lazio/27-comuni/popolazione/|title =Lazio (Italy). Resident population on 1 January 2023 by territory|website=tuttitalia.it |publisher=Istat |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> estimates for 1 January 2023
| list_by_pop = 
| div_name    = 
| div_link    = Provinces of Italy{{!}}Province
| city_1      = Rome
| div_1       = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_1       = 2,757,870
| img_1       = Rome Skyline (8012016319).jpg
| city_2      = Latina, Lazio{{!}}Latina
| div_2       = Province of Latina{{!}}Latina
| pop_2       = 126,992
| img_2       = Vista panoramica latina.jpg
| city_3      = Guidonia Montecelio
| div_3       = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_3       = 88,602
| img_3       = Panorama Guidonia Montecelio.jpg
| city_4      = Fiumicino
| div_4       = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_4       = 81,091
| img_4       = Fiumicino (37961999486).jpg
| city_5      = Aprilia, Lazio{{!}}Aprilia
| div_5       = Province of Latina{{!}}Latina
| pop_5       = 73,918
| img_5       = 
| city_6      = Viterbo
| div_6       = Province of Viterbo{{!}}Viterbo
| pop_6       = 66,012
| img_6       = 
| city_7      = Pomezia
| div_7       = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_7       = 63,712
| img_7       = 
| city_8      = Anzio
| div_8       = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_8       = 58,652
| img_8       = 
| city_9      = Tivoli, Lazio{{!}}Tivoli
| div_9       = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_9       = 54,673
| img_9       = 
| city_10     = Velletri
| div_10      = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_10      = 52,146
| img_10      = 
| city_11     = Civitavecchia 
| div_11      = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_11      = 51,625
| img_11      = 
| city_12     = Ardea, Lazio{{!}}Ardea
| div_12      = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_12      = 49,057
| img_12      = 
| city_13     = Nettuno
| div_13      = Metropolitan City of Rome {{!}}Rome
| pop_13      = 48,033
| img_13      = 
| city_14     = Marino, Lazio{{!}}Marino
| div_14      = Metropolitan City of Rome {{!}}Rome
| pop_14      = 46,347
| img_14      = 
| city_15     = Rieti
| div_15      = Province of Rieti{{!}}Rieti
| pop_15      = 45,276
| img_15      = 
| city_16     = Terracina
| div_16      = Province of Latina{{!}}Latina
| pop_16      = 44,720
| img_16      = 
| city_17     = Frosinone
| div_17      = Province of Frosinone{{!}}Frosinone
| pop_17      = 43,417
| img_17      = 
| city_18     = Monterotondo
| div_18      = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_18      = 40,979
| img_18      = 
| city_19     = Ladispoli
| div_19      = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_19      = 40,658
| img_19      = 
| city_20     = Albano Laziale
| div_20      = Metropolitan City of Rome{{!}}Rome
| pop_20      = 39,718
| img_20      =
}}</div>

==Cuisine==
{{Main|Roman cuisine}}

One of the most famous forms of food in Lazio is [[pasta]]. Dishes first attested inside the region's borders include:
<gallery>
Spaghetti_carbonara.jpg|''[[Carbonara|Spaghetti alla carbonara]]''
Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg|''[[Amatriciana sauce|Bucatini all'amatriciana]]''
Pizzeria_Bella_Italia_%28Cr%C3%A9pieux-la-Pape%29_-_Penne_all%27arabiata_%282%29_%28f%C3%A9vrier_2020%29.jpg|''[[Arrabbiata sauce|Penne all'arrabbiata]]''
Pasta_alla_Gricia.jpg|''[[Pasta alla gricia|Spaghetti alla gricia]]''
</gallery>
''[[Guanciale]]'' is used in several sauces. ''Guanciale'' is the cut of pork obtained from the cheek of the pig, crossed by lean veins of muscle with a component of valuable fat, of a composition different from ''[[lardo]]'' ("back fat") and ''[[pancetta]]'' ("belly fat"): the consistency is harder than ''pancetta'' and it possesses a more distinctive flavor. ''Guanciale'' is salted pork fat, different from [[bacon]], which is smoked. It is a typical product of Lazio, [[Umbria]] and [[Abruzzo]]. Another important ingredient is [[Pecorino romano|''pecorino romano'' cheese]].

Vegetables are common, [[artichoke]]s ("''carciofi''") being among the most popular:
<gallery>
Carciofi_alla_Romana_1.jpg|''[[Carciofi alla romana]]''
Carciofi_alla_Giud%C3%ACa.jpg|''[[Carciofi alla giudia]]''
Carciofolata.jpg|''Carciofolata''
Romanesco_broccoli_%28Brassica_oleracea%29.jpg|[[Romanesco broccoli]]
Cimadirapa.JPG|''Cima di rapa''
ARS_romaine_lettuce.jpg|[[Romaine lettuce]]
</gallery>

Other popular vegetables are [[romanesco broccoli]], [[asparagus]], [[Vicia faba|fava bean]], ''[[:it:Cima di rapa|cima di rapa]]'', [[romaine lettuce]], [[pumpkin]], [[zucchini]] and [[chicory]].

=== Spices ===

In the cuisine of Lazio, spices are widely used. Among the most used are [[Nepeta nepetella|lesser cat-mint]], called in Rome "''mentuccia''" (for artichokes and mushrooms), [[Mentha pulegium|squaw mint]], called in Rome "''menta romana''" (for lamb and tripe), [[List of plants known as laurel|laurel]], [[rosemary]], [[Salvia officinalis|sage]], [[juniper]], [[chili pepper|chili]] and grated [[truffle]].

=== ''Quinto quarto'' ===

Although Roman and Lazio cuisine use cheap ingredients like vegetable and pasta, poor people needed a source of protein. Therefore, they used the so-called ''"quinto quarto"'' ("fifth quarter"), leftovers from animal carcasses that remained after the sale of prized parts to the wealthy.

''Quinto quarto'' includes tripe (the most valuable part of [[Reticulum (anatomy)|reticulum]], also called "''cuffia''", "''l'omaso''" or "''lampredotto''"), kidneys (which need to be soaked for a long time in water with lemon to remove urine smell), heart, liver, spleen, sweetbreads (pancreas, thymus and salivary glands), brain, tongue, ox tail, trotters and pajata ([[intestines]] of calf, fed only with its mother's milk). The intestines are cleaned and skinned but the [[chyme]] (mass of partly digested food) is left inside. Typical dishes of this style are:
<gallery>
Rigatoni_con_la_pajata.jpg|''[[Rigatoni con la pajata]]''
Trippa_Alla_Romana.jpg|''[[Trippa alla romana]]''
Lampredotto_sandwich.JPG|[[Lampredotto|Lampredotto sandwich]]
Coda_alla_vaccinara-01.jpg|''[[Coda alla vaccinara]]''
</gallery>

=== Meat dishes ===
Traditional meat dishes include ''[[Saltimbocca|saltimbocca alla romana]]'' (veal wrapped with ''[[Prosciutto|prosciutto di Parma]]'' [[Prosciutto|DOP]] and [[Salvia officinalis|sage]] and cooked in white wine, butter and flour) and ''[[Abbacchio|abbacchio alla romana]]'' (roasted lamb with garlic, rosemary, pepper and chopped ''[[prosciutto]]'').
<gallery>
File:Saltimbocca raw (2).jpg|''[[Saltimbocca|Saltimbocca alla romana]]'' (uncooked)
File:Abbacchio Pasquale.jpg|''[[Abbacchio]]''
</gallery>

== Sports ==
[[File:Panoramica dello Stadio Olimpico (Roma).jpg|thumb|Panoramic view of the Stadio Olimpico]]
[[File:Benito stirpe stadium night np.jpg|thumb|[[Stadio Benito Stirpe]] at night in [[Frosinone]]]]
The region gives its name to the professional [[Association football|football]] club [[SS Lazio]] that plays in the Italian [[Serie A]]. The region has two professional clubs in the top flight, the other being [[AS Roma]], who also play in the highest division of Italian football. Combined, the two have won [[List of Italian football champions|five Italian championships]] with Roma winning three and Lazio two. The main sports stadium in Lazio is [[Stadio Olimpico]] in Rome which has housed both teams for a prolonged time and hosts [[Derby della Capitale]] between the two clubs. The stadium also hosted the [[1960 Summer Olympics]] and the [[1990 FIFA World Cup final]]. Outside of Rome the football scene has another club playing in the Serie A, that being [[Frosinone Calcio|Frosinone]].

Lazio hosts no top-line motorsports events, but the [[Vallelunga Circuit|Vallelunga]] circuit previously hosted the [[Superbike World Championship]] in [[motorcycle racing]].

Rome is home to many international sporting events and competitions, including:
* [[Italian Open (tennis)|Italian Open]] ''Internazionali d'Italia'', which take place between April and May of each year at the [[Foro Italico]];
* [[Rome ePrix]], the [[Formula E]] championship, has been held on the [[Circuito Cittadino dell'EUR]] since 2018;
* [[Six Nations Championship]]: the home matches of the [[Italy national rugby union team|Italian national rugby team]];
* International horse show "Piazza di Siena", equestrian competition held since 1922 in piazza di Siena, inside [[Villa Borghese gardens|Villa Borghese]];
* [[Golden Gala|Golden Gala Pietro Mennea]] international event of [[Sport of athletics|athletics]] which takes place annually at the Stadio Olimpico;
* [[Rome Marathon]], organized in spring with start and finish in [[Via dei Fori Imperiali]].

==See also==
* [[Geography of Italy]]
* [[Regions of Italy]]
* [[Administrative divisions of Italy]]
* [[Roman cuisine]]
*[[Lake della Duchessa]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|auto=yes}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121228220410/http://www.ilmiolazio.it/en-US/Pages/default.aspx Official Touristic Site of the Regione Lazio] {{in lang|en}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070202131057/http://regione.lazio.it/ Official Site of the Regione Lazio] {{in lang|it}}
{{coord|41|54|N|12|43|E|display=title}}
{{Lazio}}
{{regions of Italy}}
{{Italy topics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lazio| ]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union]]
[[Category:Regions of Italy]]
[[Category:Wine regions of Italy]]