Editing Laupāhoehoe, Hawaii

{{short description|Census-designated place in Hawaii, U.S.}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
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|official_name            = Laupāhoehoe, Hawaii
|other_name               = 
|native_name              =  <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = [[Census-designated place]]
|motto                    = 
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline            = The monument to the victims of tsunami.jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = [[Tsunami]] memorial at Laupāhoehoe Point
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|image_seal               = 
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|image_map = Hawaii_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Laupahoehoe_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 
|map_caption = Location in [[Hawaii County, Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i County]] and the state of [[Hawaii]]
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|pushpin_mapsize        = 
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Hawaii]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Hawaii|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Hawaii County, Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      = 
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|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3      = 
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude           = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_15.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 9.05
|area_land_km2            = 8.39
|area_water_km2           = 0.66
|area_total_sq_mi         = 3.49
|area_land_sq_mi          = 3.24
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.25
|area_water_percent       = 
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<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_note          = 
|population_total         = 1147
|population_density_km2   = 136.64
|population_density_sq_mi = 353.90
|population_metro               = 
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<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone                 = [[Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone|Hawaii-Aleutian]]
|utc_offset               = -10
|timezone_DST             = 
|utc_offset_DST           = 
|coordinates              = {{coord|19|59|4|N|155|14|0|W|region:US-HI_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 
|elevation_ft             = 360
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 96764
|area_code                = [[Area code 808|808]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 15-44150
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0361749 <ref>{{cite gnis|id=0361749|name=Laupāhoehoe|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref>
|website                  = 
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}}
 
'''Laupāhoehoe''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Hawaii County, Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i County]], [[Hawaii]], United States, in the District of North Hilo. The population was 581 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]],<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1544150| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Laupahoehoe CDP, Hawaii| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=June 1, 2017}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> up from 473 at the 2000 census. The community's name means "lava tip" and refers to the angular lava tip or cape formed by ancient [[pāhoehoe]] (smooth lava) flows which created the cape on which the community was built.

==History==
[[File:Laupahoehoe Point, Big Island, Hawaii in March.jpg|left|thumb|View of Laupāhoehoe Point from the highway near the signage shown below]]
[[File:Laupahoehoe Point, Big Island, Hawaii.jpg|left|thumb|Road signage overlooking Laupāhoehoe Point]]
[[File:Concrete reinforcements at Laupahoehoe, Big Island, Hawaii.jpg|left|thumb|Concrete reinforcements at Laupāhoehoe]]
On April 1, 1946, the Hawaiian Islands were struck by the so-called "April Fools Day [[tsunami]]", originating from the [[1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake|Aleutian Islands earthquake]]. Approximately 159 people in the islands were killed.<ref>Fisher, S., Goff, J., Cundy, A. et al. (July 12, 2023). [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06076-w "A qualitative review of tsunamis in Hawaiʻi"]. ''Natural Hazards''. Springer. p. 21.</ref>  The tsunami had the largest impact on the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]], with the greatest number of deaths occurring in [[Hilo, Hawaii|Hilo]] with 96 fatalities. The school building at Laupāhoehoe was inundated by the tsunami and 24 people drowned.  Of the dead, 16 were schoolchildren, four were teachers, and four were residents.<ref>{{Cite thesis |type=M.A. |title=Personal Accounts from Survivors of the Hilo Tsunamis of 1946 and 1960: Toward a Disaster Communications Model |last=Johnston |first=Jeanne Branch |year=2003 |publisher=[[University of Hawaii at Manoa]] |hdl=10125/7104 }}</ref> A monument to the dead now stands on Laupāhoehoe Point.

==Geography==
Laupāhoehoe is located on the northeast side of the island of Hawaii, at {{coord|19|59|5|N|155|14|10|W| region:US-HI_type:city(473)}} (19.983296, -155.235889).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> [[Hawaii Route 19]] passes through the community, leading southeast {{convert|24|mi}} to [[Hilo, Hawaii|Hilo]] and west {{convert|32|mi}} to [[Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii|Waimea]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|6.2|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|5.5|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|0.7|km2|order=flip|1}}, or 10.66%, are water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

===Climate===
{{Weather box   <!-- Infobox begins -->
| single line = Y
| location    = Kīhālani, Hawaii, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1998&ndash;2014

|Jan record high F = 85
|Feb record high F = 86
|Mar record high F = 89
|Apr record high F = 84
|May record high F = 88
|Jun record high F = 86
|Jul record high F = 85
|Aug record high F = 88
|Sep record high F = 88
|Oct record high F = 87
|Nov record high F = 86
|Dec record high F = 85

<!-- Average high temperatures -->
| Jan high F  =76.1
| Feb high F  =75.5
| Mar high F  =76.1
| Apr high F  =77.1
| May high F  =78.1
| Jun high F  =79.3
| Jul high F  =79.9
| Aug high F  =81.1
| Sep high F  =81.3
| Oct high F  =80.4
| Nov high F  =78.2
| Dec high F  =76.2
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->
| Jan mean F  =68.7
| Feb mean F  =68.4
| Mar mean F  =69.1
| Apr mean F  =70.0
| May mean F  =71.5
| Jun mean F  =72.4
| Jul mean F  =73.3
| Aug mean F  =74.1
| Sep mean F  =73.9
| Oct mean F  =73.4
| Nov mean F  =71.7
| Dec mean F  =69.8
<!-- Average low temperatures -->
| Jan low F  =61.4
| Feb low F  =61.3
| Mar low F  =62.1
| Apr low F  =63.0
| May low F  =65.0
| Jun low F  =65.6
| Jul low F  =66.6
| Aug low F  =67.1
| Sep low F  =66.5
| Oct low F  =66.5
| Nov low F  =65.2
| Dec low F  =63.4

|Jan record low F = 55
|Feb record low F = 56
|Mar record low F = 55
|Apr record low F = 55
|May record low F = 58
|Jun record low F = 60
|Jul record low F = 61
|Aug record low F = 60
|Sep record low F = 61
|Oct record low F = 61
|Nov record low F = 58
|Dec record low F = 57

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 10.39
|Feb precipitation inch = 12.64
|Mar precipitation inch = 17.34
|Apr precipitation inch = 14.57
|May precipitation inch = 7.79
|Jun precipitation inch = 6.50
|Jul precipitation inch = 12.05
|Aug precipitation inch = 16.85
|Sep precipitation inch = 7.25
|Oct precipitation inch = 11.02
|Nov precipitation inch = 16.25
|Dec precipitation inch = 15.54
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 15.8
|Feb precipitation days = 17.3
|Mar precipitation days = 22.0
|Apr precipitation days = 23.3
|May precipitation days = 19.5
|Jun precipitation days = 23.6
|Jul precipitation days = 24.0
|Aug precipitation days = 25.4
|Sep precipitation days = 20.8
|Oct precipitation days = 21.9
|Nov precipitation days = 21.3
|Dec precipitation days = 19.8

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00514459&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Kihalani 132.5, HI
|access-date = March 6, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = XMACIS2<ref name = XMACIS2>
{{cite web
|url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = xmACIS2
|access-date = March 6, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2020= 1147
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 581 people in 214 households residing in the CDP. The [[population density]] was {{convert|276.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 243 housing units at an average density of {{convert|115.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 36.49% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.34% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.17% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|American Indian & Alaska Native]], 24.44% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 4.82% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander]], 0.86% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 32.87% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 18.59% of the population.<ref name="census.gov">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popfinder |title=US Census Bureau - 2010 Population Finder - Laupahoehoe CDP |access-date=2017-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116034919/http://www.census.gov/popfinder/ |archive-date=2014-01-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

There were 214 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them. The average household size was 2.71.<ref name="census.gov"/>

In the Laupāhoehoe CDP the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 12.9% from 25 to 34, 15.1% from 35 to 49, 26.0% from 50 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65&nbsp;years of age or older. For every 100&nbsp;females there were 105.3&nbsp;males. For every 100&nbsp;males there were 95.0&nbsp;females.<ref name="census.gov"/>

The median income for a household in the CDP at the 2000 census was $29,250, and the median income for a family in 2000 was $30,000. Males had a median income in 2000 of $21,667 versus $21,607 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP in 2000 was $11,896. About 28.4% of families and 25.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]] in 2000, including 41.1% of those under age&nbsp;18 and 14.0% of those age&nbsp;65 or over.
[[File:On Laupahoehoe Point, Big Island, Hawaii.jpg|center|1020px|thumb|The breakwater and boat launch at Laupāhoehoe]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* Laupāhoehoe, Hawai'i is at coordinates {{coord|19|59|5|N|155|14|10|W| region:US-HI_type:city(473)}}.
* [http://www.thetrainmuseum.com/ Laupahoehoe Train Museum]

{{Hawaii County, Hawaii}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laupahoehoe}}
[[Category:Census-designated places in Hawaii County, Hawaii]]
[[Category:Populated places on Hawaii (island)]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Ghost towns in Hawaii]]