Editing Lars Johan Hierta

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{short description|Newspaper publisher, social critic, businessman and politician}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Lars Johan Hierta
| image              = Hierta.jpg
| caption            = Lars Johan Hierta
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1801|01|22|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Uppsala]], [[Sweden]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1872|11|20|1801|01|22|df=y}}
| death_place        = [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]
| resting_place      = [[Norra begravningsplatsen]]
| alma_mater         = [[Uppsala University]]
| occupation         = Newspaper publisher, social critic, businessman, politician
| known_for          = Founding the newspaper ''[[Aftonbladet]]''
| title              = {{plainlist|
*President of the [[Riksdag of the Estates]]
*President of [[Andra kammaren]]
}}
| spouse             = {{marriage|Wilhelmina Fröding|1833}}
| children           = 5, including
{{plainlist|
*Ebba Lind af Hageby (born 1840)
*[[Anna Hierta-Retzius]] (born 1841)
*{{ill|Edvard Faustman|sv}} (born 1852)
}}
}}

'''Lars Johan Hierta''' ({{IPA|sv|lɑːʂˈjûːan ˈjæ̂ʈːa|lang}}; 22 January 1801 – 20 November 1872) was a Swedish [[Publishing|newspaper publisher]], [[Social criticism|social critic]], businessman and politician. He is best known as the founder of the newspaper ''[[Aftonbladet]]'' in 1830. Hierta was a leading agitator for political and social reform in Sweden during the 19th century. He is sometimes credited as the "father of the [[freedom of the press|free press]]" in Sweden.

==Biography==
[[Image:Statue Lars Johan Hierta Riddarhustorget March 2007.JPG|thumb|250px|Statue of Lars Johan Hierta at [[Riddarhustorget]] in [[Gamla stan]], Stockholm]]
[[File:Wilhelmina Fröding Hierta (1805-1808).png|thumb|Wilhelmina Fröding Hierta (1805–1878)]][[File:1851CaricatureLarsJohanHierta.png|thumb|1851 caricature of Hierta in ''Folkets Röst'']]
Hierta was born to a [[Swedish nobility|noble]] family – the [[Hierta family]] – in [[Uppsala]], Sweden, as the son of Carl Didrik Hierta and Hedvig Johanna Schméer. He received his primary education at a private school and began his studies at [[Uppsala University]] in 1814, where he earned a Doctor of Philosophy and a [[Candidate of Law]] in 1821. In the same year, he was employed as an unpaid trainee at the central government agency [[Swedish Board of Mines|Bergskollegium]], where he was promoted as a [[law clerk]] in 1825.

In the mid-1820s, Hierta met Wilhelmina Fröding, his future wife. Although her family rejected his initial marriage proposal, they married in 1833 and together had five daughters.<ref name="Lindelof"> {{Cite web |url=https://www.lindelof.nu/en-ljusgestalt-med-ett-varmt-klappande-hierta/ |title=En ljusgestalt med ett varmt klappande hierta |last=Parner |first=Mats |work=Lindelof.nu |quote=Frieriet avslogs emellertid – inte av fröken Mina själv men väl av hennes bror och förmyndare som, ironiskt nog, ifrågasatte den välbeställde giljarens ekonomiska status. Först i december 1833 ägde bröllopet rum. (However, the proposal was rejected – not by Miss Mina herself, but by her brother and guardian who, ironically, questioned the well-to-do wooer's economic status. Only in December 1833 did the wedding take place)|date=16 December 2018 |accessdate=1 June 2019}}</ref>

At the [[Riksdag of the Estates]] of 1823, Hierta served as a secretary at the [[Swedish House of Lords]]. At the following Estates Assembly, from 1828 to 1830, he was a representative of the nobility and also served as a law clerk. In the Riksdag, Hierta aligned himself with the liberal opposition critical of the conservative rule of [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|King Charles XIV John]]. 

Hierta started writing for ''Conservationsbladet'' in 1823. He also wrote for the papers ''Argus'' from 1824 to 1826 and, sporadically, ''[[Stockholms-Posten|Stockholmsposten]]'' from 1826 to 1828. He started writing as a humourist, later as a news writer and political editorialist.

In 1829, Hierta started the book publishing house Hiertas bokförlag ("Hierta's Publishing House").

In 1830, Hierta founded the ''[[Aftonbladet]]'' newspaper, where he advocated for a republic (though without using the word "republic"), which is sometimes seen as the start of the [[Republicanism in Sweden|Swedish republican movement]]. The newspaper was banned many times, but published under a new name each time.<ref>Olsén, Sofia Olsson (May 3, 2016). "Nothing stopped Hierta's presses. ''Aftonbladet''.</ref> 

In 1839 Lars Johan Hierta founded a candle factory still active today by the name of [[Liljeholmens Stearinfabriks AB]].

Soon after 1840, ''Aftonbladet'' hired Swedish writer and feminist [[Wendela Hebbe]] (1808–1899), who became the first permanently-employed woman journalist at a Swedish newspaper. Hierta and Hebbe later had a son together. Both Hierta and Hebbe were socially active for liberal causes.<ref name="Hebbe2017"> {{Cite web |url=https://www.jp.se/article/wendela-var-den-forsta-kvinnliga-journalisten/ |title=Wendela var den första kvinnliga journalisten (Wendela was the first woman journalist) |last=Teiffel |first=Yvonne |work=[[Jönköpings-Posten]] |quote=I samband med 200-årsminnet av Wendela Hebbe 2008 instiftade Wendelas Vänner ett årligt pris på 50 000 kronor. Det delas på söndag ut i Wendela Hebbes hus i Södertälje, det som hon en gång fick av Lars Johan Hierta. (In connection with the 200-year memory of Wendela Hebbe 2008, Wendelas Friends established an annual prize of SEK 50,000. It is shared on Sunday in Wendela Hebbe's house in Södertälje, which she once received from Lars Johan Hierta.) |date=20 September 2017 |accessdate=26 July 2019}}</ref>

At the time of his death in Stockholm, Hierta was one of the wealthiest persons in Sweden.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Wirén |first=Karl-Hugo |editor= |encyclopedia=[[Nationalencyklopedin]] |title=Hierta, Lars Johan |url= |edition= |publisher=[[Bra Böcker]] |volume= |location=[[Höganäs]] |id= |doi= |pages= }}</ref> After his death, his widow Wilhelmina Fröding Hierta donated 100,000 [[Swedish krona|SEK]] to [[Stockholm University]] for the establishment of a professorship in economics, and later 400,000 SEK to the foundation ''Lars Hiertas minne'' ("Lars Hierta's Memory") whose mission was to "work freely and independently for human progress" ({{Lang|sv|fritt och oberoende verka för det mänskliga framåtskridandet}}).<ref name="Riksarkivet"> {{Cite web |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=13575 |title=Lars Johan Hierta |last=Wichman |first=Knut |work=Svenskt biografiskt lexikon |quote=H:s änka donerade 100 000 kr till en professur i nationalekonomi under hans namn vid Sthlms högskola o 400 000 kr till en fond med namnet L H:s minne, avsedd att "fritt och oberoende verka för det mänskliga framåtskridandet". (En. H's widow donated SEK 100,000 to a professorship in economics under his name at Sthlm University and SEK 400,000 to a fund named LH's memory, intended to "work freely and independently for human progress") |date=7 December 2018 |accessdate=30 May 2019}}</ref> He is buried in [[Norra begravningsplatsen]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-25 |title=Sten nr 55 - Lars Johan Hierta |url=https://norrabegravningsplatsen.se/staty-55-lars-johan-hierta/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Norra begravningsplatsen |language=sv}}</ref>

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Wieselgren |first=Harald |title=Lars Johan Hierta : biografisk studie |year=1880 |publisher=Linnström |location=[[Stockholm]] |language=sv |author-link=Harald Wieselgren}}
* {{cite book |last=Hierta |first=Lars Johan |title=Sjelf-biografiska anteckningar |year=1901 |publisher=[[Harald Wieselgren]] |location=Stockholm |language=sv}}
* {{cite book |last=Kihlberg |first=Leif |title=Lars Hierta i helfigur |year=1968 |publisher=[[Albert Bonniers förlag|Bonnier]] |location=Stockholm |language=Swedish}}
* {{cite book |last=Lönnroth |first=Ami |author2=Mattsson, Per Eric |title=Tidningskungen : Lars Johan Hierta : den förste moderne svensken |year=1996 |publisher=[[Wahlström & Widstrand]] |location=Stockholm |language=Swedish |isbn=91-46-16938-5 }}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://wwwc.aftonbladet.se/amc/stefan/hist.html Aftonbladet under 170 år] (in Swedish)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hierta, Lars Johan}}
[[Category:1801 births]]
[[Category:1872 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Uppsala]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish nobility]]
[[Category:Uppsala University alumni]]
[[Category:Swedish newspaper publishers (people)]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish businesspeople]]
[[Category:Members of the Riksdag of the Estates]]
[[Category:Members of the Andra kammaren]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish journalists]]
[[Category:Swedish male journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century male writers]]
[[Category:Swedish republicans]]
[[Category:Hierta family|Lars Johan]]
[[Category:Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen]]
[[Category:Writers from Uppsala]]