Editing Larry Parks

{{short description|American actor (1914–1975)}}

{{distinguish|Larry Sparks}}

{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox person <!-- See [[Template:Infobox actor]] for more -->
| name         = Larry Parks
| image        = Larry Parks 1950.jpg 
| caption      = Parks in 1950
| birth_name   = Samuel Lawrence Klusman Parks
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1914|12|13|mf=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Olathe, Kansas]], U.S.
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1975|4|13|1914|12|13|mf=y}}
| death_place  = [[Studio City, California]], U.S.
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Betty Garrett]]|1944}}
| children     = 2, including [[Andrew Parks]]
| occupation   = {{hlist|Actor|singer}}
| years_active = 1941–1975
}}

'''Samuel Lawrence Klusman Parks''' (December 13, 1914 – April 13, 1975) was an American stage and film actor.<ref>{{cite web|author=Died: April 13, 1975 |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b9f0dc847 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723002030/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b9f0dc847 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |title=Larry Parks |publisher=Explore.bfi.org.uk |date=April 13, 1975 |access-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref> His career arced from bit player and supporting roles to top billing, before it virtually ended when he admitted to having been a member of a [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] cell, which led to his [[Hollywood blacklist|blacklisting]] by all [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] studios.<ref>{{cite book|title=Blackface to Blacklist: Al Jolson, Larry Parks, and "the Jolson Story" (9780810819658): Doug McClelland: Books |isbn=0810819651 |last1=McClelland |first1=Deke |last2=McClelland |first2=Doug |year=1987 |publisher=Scarecrow Press }}</ref> His best known role was [[Al Jolson]], whom he portrayed in two films: ''[[The Jolson Story]]'' (1946) and ''[[Jolson Sings Again]]'' (1949).

==Life and career==
Parks was born in [[Olathe, Kansas]], the son of Nellie (Klusman) and Frank H. Parks. He was raised in his mother's religion of Judaism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K86T-QN8|title=FamilySearch.org|website=Familysearch.org|access-date=January 23, 2022}}</ref> He grew up in [[Joliet, Illinois]], and graduated from Joliet Township High School in 1932.

He attended the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign|University of Illinois]] as a pre-med student,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uiaa.org/illinois/news/illinoisalumni/0811b.html |title=Illinois Alumni Magazine &#124; UIAA &#124; Illinois Alumni |publisher=UIAA |date=March 21, 1951 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905222723/http://uiaa.org/illinois/news/illinoisalumni/0811b.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and played in [[repertory theatre|stock companies]] for some years.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220427140 |title=Right At His Peak |newspaper=[[The Voice (Hobart)|The Voice]] |volume=21 |issue=20 |location=Tasmania, Australia |date=May 15, 1948 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

He traveled to Hollywood at [[John Garfield]]'s suggestion, for a role in a [[Warner Bros.]] production of ''Mama Ravioli''. Although the movie was cancelled, Parks did sign a contract with [[Columbia Pictures]] in 1941.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article69207268 |title=Larry Parks' Rise to Fame |newspaper=[[The Advocate (Tasmania)|The Advocate]] |location=Tasmania, Australia |date=March 17, 1950 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=18 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

==Supporting player==
As with most Columbia contract players, Parks received supporting roles in high-budget films and more substantial roles in B pictures.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jolsonville.com/2011/02/13/a-star-is-born-larry-parks-as-al-jolson/ |title=A Star is Born: Larry Parks as Al Jolson &#124; A Tribute to Al Jolson |publisher=Jolsonville.com |date=February 13, 2011 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207062038/http://jolsonville.com/2011/02/13/a-star-is-born-larry-parks-as-al-jolson/ |archive-date=February 7, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== In supporting roles===
1941:
* ''[[Mystery Ship (film)|Mystery Ship]]''
* ''[[Harmon of Michigan]]'' 
* ''[[You Belong to Me (1941 film)|You Belong to Me]]'' 
* ''[[Three Girls About Town]]'' 
* ''[[Sing for Your Supper (film)|Sing for Your Supper]]'' 
1942:
* ''[[Harvard, Here I Come]]'' 
* ''[[Blondie Goes to College]]''
* ''[[Canal Zone (film)|Canal Zone]]'' 
* ''[[Alias Boston Blackie]]'' 
* ''[[North of the Rockies]]'' 
* ''[[Hello, Annapolis]]'' 
* ''[[Submarine Raider]]'' 
* ''[[They All Kissed the Bride]]'' 
* ''[[Flight Lieutenant (film)|Flight Lieutenant]]'' 
* ''[[Atlantic Convoy]]'' 
* ''[[A Man's World (1942 film)|A Man's World]]'' 
* ''[[The Boogie Man Will Get You]]'' 
* ''[[You Were Never Lovelier]]'' 
1943:
* ''[[Power of the Press (film)|Power of the Press]]'' 
* ''[[Reveille with Beverly]]'' 
* ''[[Redhead from Manhattan]]'' 
* ''[[First Comes Courage]]'' 
* ''[[Destroyer (1943 film)|Destroyer]]'' 
* ''[[Is Everybody Happy? (1943 film)|Is Everybody Happy?]]'' 
* ''[[Deerslayer (1943 film)|Deerslayer]]'' 
1944:
* ''[[The Racket Man]]'' 
* ''[[Hey, Rookie]]'' 
* ''[[Jam Session (1944 film)|Jam Session]]''

==Leading man==
By 1944 Parks broke into lead and featured player roles:
* ''[[The Black Parachute]]'' (1944)
* ''[[Stars on Parade (1944 film)|Stars on Parade]]'' (1944)
* ''[[Sergeant Mike]]'' (1944)
* ''[[She's a Sweetheart]]'' (1944)
* ''[[Counter-Attack]]'' (1945) 
* ''[[Renegades (1946 film)|Renegades]]'' (1946)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article214421737 |title=Handsome Larry Parks Achieves Stardom |newspaper=[[Lachlander and Condobolin and Western Districts Recorder]] |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=June 30, 1947 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

In November 1944 Columbia was preparing a screen biography of Al Jolson, and Larry Parks was the first actor tested for ''The Story of Jolson'', as the project was then titled. Then the studio considered or tested dozens of other candidates -- including [[James Cagney]] and [[Danny Thomas]], both of whom declined -- until, as Parks recalled, "someone said 'Let's test that first guy again.' I had the dubious honor of making the first and last tests for the role."<ref>Larry Parks to Dorothy O'Leary, "The Parks Story", ''Screenland'', Mar. 1947, p. 46.</ref> Parks impressed the producers and won the role. At the age of 31, his performance in ''The Jolson Story'' (1946) earned him an [[Academy Award]] nomination for Best Actor.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/interview-with-larry-parks |title=Interview with Larry Parks &#124; Interviews |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=August 25, 1968 |access-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/178892 |title=The Jolson Story |publisher=Turner Classic Movies |access-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref>

Parks received superior notices for his performance. ''Showmen's Trade Review'': "Parks is a tremendously effective actor in this role. He must have worked almost endlessly to effect so perfectly the Jolson speech and the Jolson mannerism (in minute detail) in putting over the songs."<ref>''Showmen's Trade Review'', Sept. 21, 1946, p. 33.</ref> ''Box Office Digest'': "The outstanding facet of ''The Jolson Story'' is one Larry Parks. Jolson's voice on the soundtrack supplies some 15 of his most memorable songs. From there on this youngster Larry Parks takes up the chore of giving us Jolson physically. The result is uncanny and impressive. Before the end the stuttering critics were wondering whether Jolson could have played Jolson as well. That's sumpin."<ref>''Box Office Digest'', Sept. 28, 1946, p. 5.</ref> Arthur Beach of the [[National Board of Review]]: "Larry Parks is a prettier Al than Al. He is also an astonishingly capable mimic. Mr. Parks' skill and the magic of movie technique have made possible an astounding fusion of two people to create a memorable portrait. Even Al Jolson should be pleased with ''The Jolson Story''."<ref>Arthur Beach, ''New Movies: The National Board of Review Magazine'', Nov.-Dec. 1946, pp. 5-6.</ref> Columbia's president [[Harry Cohn]] rewarded Parks with a cash bonus and a new Ford convertible.<ref>Dorothy O'Leary, ''Screenland''.</ref>

==Stardom ==
[[File:Teresa Wright and Larry Parks - Ford Theatre 1954.jpg|thumb|Parks with [[Teresa Wright]] in ''The Happiest Day'', a 1954 [[Ford Theatre]] presentation.]]
Now that Parks was a full-fledged star, Columbia kept him busy in elaborate productions. He appeared opposite the studio's biggest star, [[Rita Hayworth]], in ''[[Down to Earth (1947 film)|Down to Earth]]'' (1947), a musical sequel to Columbia's 1941 fantasy ''[[Here Comes Mr. Jordan]]''. Exhibitors voted him one of America's biggest boxoffice stars, ranking at #15.<ref>"Bing's Lucky Number: Pa Crosby Dons 4th B.O. Crown" By Richard L. Coe. ''The Washington Post'' January 3, 1948: 12.</ref> Columbia tried to mold him into a dashing, romantic leading man by casting him in two swashbucklers, ''[[The Swordsman (1948 film)|The Swordsman]]'' (1948) and ''[[The Gallant Blade]]'' (1948, filmed in [[Cinecolor]]). 

Parks tried to break his contract with Columbia in 1948. ''Modern Screen'', publishing an interview with Parks, explained the situation: "Larry's battle with his studio has nothing to do with money. What he's wrangling about concerns a contract signed before, not after, ''The Jolson Story''. Larry says he has a year to go on his contract. Columbia says he has five. He's up for a suit for declaratory relief. That's lawyer language, but it means a verdict to clear Larry's studio future. If he wins, he'll go right back to work for another year and then call his own shots. If he loses, he'll be Mister Columbia for five more terms."<ref>Kirtley Baskette, ''Modern Screen'', Jan. 1948, p. 78.</ref> Federal judge [[William Carey Mathes]] heard the case and sympathized with Parks but ruled against him. Trade publisher Pete Harrison commented on the outcome: "[A] practice that was condemned by Judge Mathes in no uncertain terms is the one by which a company, at a time when only a short period remains on a rising star's contract, insists that the star sign a new term contract, using as a blackjack the threat to assign the star to minor roles in "B" pictures for the remainder of the existing contract if he or she should refuse to sign the new contract. Parks claimed that such coercive methods had been employed by Columbia to obtain his signature on a new contract and, from the evidence, Judge Mathes found that it had been obtained by undue influence, indicating that he might have ruled in Parks' favor had he not waited too long to file the suit."<ref>Pete Harrison, ''Harrison's Reports'', "Columbia Wins the Larry Parks Case", Mar. 20, 1948, p. 48.</ref> 

He remained on the Columbia payroll and starred in ''Jolson Sings Again'' (1949), another huge boxoffice hit earning Parks another set of rave reviews. ''Showmen's Trade Review'': "Larry Parks, who scored a triumph in his original role of the singer, seems even more assured and more at home in the role in this follow-up film; he doesn't perform Jolson, he IS Jolson [capitalization theirs]."<ref>''Showmen's Trade Review'', Aug. 13, 1949, p. 14.</ref>  Thomas M. Pryor of ''The New York Times'' wrote, "The vitality of the Jolson voice is suitably matched in the physical representation provided by Larry Parks, who by now comes close to perfection in aping the vigorous expression with which Jolson tackles a song."<ref>Thomas M. Pryor, ''The New York Times'', August 18, 1949, p. 16.</ref> His co-star in the film, [[Barbara Hale]], teamed with him again in the comedy feature ''[[Emergency Wedding]]'' (1950). 

In 1950 he and his wife [[Betty Garrett]] announced plans to make their own film ''Stakeout''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230172108 |title=Larry Parks plans to finance his own movie |newspaper=[[The Sun (Sydney)|The Sun]] |issue=12,534 |location=Sydney, Australia |date=March 30, 1950 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=35|edition=LATE FINAL EXTRA |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> British exhibitors voted him the 9th-most popular star in the United Kingdom.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

==Blacklisting==
In 1948 Parks had criticized the [[House Un-American Activities Committee| House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article208108995 |title=Larry Parks Hits Hard At Red-Baiters |newspaper=[[Tribune (Sydney newspaper)|Tribune]] |issue=401 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=March 17, 1948 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> In 1951, Parks was summoned to appear before the HUAC under threat of being blacklisted in the movie industry, but he begged not to be forced to testify. He eventually did so in tears,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article139514311 |title=Larry Parks Commended For Truth |newspaper=[[Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate]] |issue=23,236 |location=New South Wales|date=March 24, 1951 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> only to be blacklisted anyway. Parks eventually gave up the names of his former colleagues to the committee.<ref>Silverman, Stephen M. ''Dancing on the Ceiling: Stanley Donen and his Movies''. Alfred A. Knopf. 1996. p. 140.</ref>

Following his admission before the committee, [[Columbia Pictures]] released him from his contract, although it had four years to run, and Parks had been set to star in the film ''Small Wonder'' (which later became ''[[The First Time (1952 film)|The First Time]]'' starring [[Robert Cummings]]). At the time, Parks' fee was $75,000 a film.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article81595939 |title=LARRY PARKS ON THE "OUTER" |newspaper=[[The Northern Miner (Queensland)|The Northern Miner]] |location=Queensland|date=March 26, 1951 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129917503 |title=LARRY PARKS QUITS STUDIO |newspaper=[[The News (Adelaide)|The News]] |volume=56 |issue=8,657 |location=Adelaide |date=May 8, 1951 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> A romantic comedy he made for [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]], ''[[Love Is Better Than Ever]]'', was shelved until 1953.

He made a TV film for ''[[The Ford Television Theatre]]'' in 1953<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article100178330 |title=Larry Parks on job again 'Paid for my mistakes' |newspaper=[[The Sunday Mail (Brisbane)|Sunday Mail]] |location=Queensland, Australia |date=November 8, 1953 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |page=25 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> and starred in the British film ''[[Tiger by the Tail (1955 film)|Tiger by the Tail]]'' (1955) in England.

He continued to squeeze out a living acting on the stage and doing occasional television programs.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFnfnKg6BcAC&q=larry+parks+career+after+jolson&pg=PA433 |title=Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America |via=Google Books |isbn=9780415938532|last1=Cullen|first1=Frank|last2=Hackman|first2=Florence|last3=McNeilly|first3=Donald|year=2007|publisher=Psychology Press }}</ref> His last appearance in a major role was in the [[John Huston]] film, ''[[Freud: The Secret Passion|Freud]]'' (1962).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6aaa5513 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713091707/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6aaa5513 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 13, 2012 |title=Freud |publisher=Explore.bfi.org.uk |access-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref>

===Later career===
Parks eventually left the film industry and formed a successful construction business. Eventually, he and his wife Betty Garrett owned many apartment buildings scattered throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Rather than sell them upon completion, Parks decided to retain ownership and collect rents as a landlord, a decision that proved to be extremely profitable. During that period, the couple occasionally performed in [[Las Vegas Strip|Las Vegas]] showrooms, [[summer stock]] productions, and touring companies of Broadway shows.<ref>{{cite book |title=Betty Garrett and Other Songs: A Life on Stage and Screen |last1=Garrett |first1=Betty |first2=Ron |last2=Rapoport |year=1998 |publisher=Madison Books |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=1-56833-098-7 |pages=125–152, 169–171}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Parks married actress Betty Garrett in 1944. She starred in Hollywood films such as ''[[On the Town (film)|On the Town]]'' and on television as [[Archie Bunker]]'s neighbor Irene Lorenzo on ''[[All in the Family]]'' and as landlady Edna Babish on ''[[Laverne and Shirley]]''. Her career also faced turmoil as a result of her marriage to Parks, and the two spent much of the 1950s doing theatre and musical variety shows. Together, they had two sons, actor [[Andrew Parks]] and composer Garrett Parks. Larry Parks was also godfather to actor [[Jeff Bridges]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/147886%7C95671/larry-parks#biography |title=Biography for Larry Parks |publisher=Turner Classic Movies |access-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8321547/Betty-Garrett.html |title=Betty Garrett |newspaper=The Telegraph |accessdate=April 13, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rampell |first=Ed |url=http://peoplesworld.org/bridges-brothers-honor-hollywood-red-betty-garrett/ |title=Bridges brothers honor Hollywood "Red" Betty Garrett |publisher=peoplesworld |date=April 18, 2011 |access-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref>

A [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], Parks supported [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]]'s campaign in the [[1952 United States presidential election|1952 presidential election]].<ref>''Motion Picture and Television Magazine'', November 1952, page 33, Ideal Publishers</ref>

Parks died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] in 1975 at the age of 60.

==Filmography==
[[File:Larry Parks 1947.JPG|thumb|Parks in 1947]]
{{div col}}
* ''[[Mystery Ship (film)|Mystery Ship]]'' (1941) as Tommy Baker 
* ''[[Harmon of Michigan]]'' (1941) as Harvey
* ''[[You Belong to Me (1941 film)|You Belong to Me]]'' (1941) as Blemish (uncredited)
* ''[[Three Girls About Town]]'' (1941) as Reporter
* ''[[Sing for Your Supper (film)|Sing for Your Supper]]'' (1941) as Mickey (uncredited)
* ''[[Honolulu Lu]]'' (1941) as Sailor (uncredited)
* ''[[Harvard, Here I Come!]]'' (1941) as Eddie Spellman
* ''[[Blondie Goes to College]]'' (1942) as Rusty Bryant
* ''[[Canal Zone (film)|Canal Zone]]'' (1942) as Recruit Kincaid
* ''[[Alias Boston Blackie]]'' (1942) as Joe Trilby
* ''[[North of the Rockies]]'' (1942) as Jim Bailey
* ''[[Hello, Annapolis]]'' (1942) as Paul Herbert
* ''[[Submarine Raider]]'' (1942) as Sparksie
* ''[[They All Kissed the Bride]]'' (1942) as Joe Krim (uncredited)
* ''[[Flight Lieutenant (film)|Flight Lieutenant]]'' (1942) as Cadet Sandy Roth (uncredited)
* ''[[Atlantic Convoy]]'' (1942) as Gregory
* ''[[A Man's World (1942 film)|A Man's World]]'' (1942) as Chick O'Driscoll
* ''[[The Boogie Man Will Get You]]'' (1942) as Bill Layden
* ''[[You Were Never Lovelier]]'' (1942) as Tony (uncredited)
* ''[[Power of the Press (1943 film)|Power of the Press]]'' (1943) as Jerry Purvis (uncredited)
* ''[[Reveille with Beverly]]'' (1943) as Eddie Ross
* ''[[Redhead from Manhattan]]'' (1943) as Flirt (uncredited)
* ''[[First Comes Courage]]'' (1943) as Capt. Langdon (uncredited)
* ''[[Destroyer (1943 film)|Destroyer]]'' (1943) as Ens. Johnson (uncredited)
* ''[[Is Everybody Happy? (1943 film)|Is Everybody Happy?]]'' (1943) as Jerry Stewart
* ''[[Deerslayer (1943 film)|The Deerslayer]]'' (1943) as Jingo-Good
* ''[[The Racket Man]]'' (1944) as Larry Lake
* ''[[Hey, Rookie]]'' (1944) as Jim Leighter
* ''[[Jam Session (1944 film)|Jam Session]]'' (1944) as Actor at Superba Pictures (uncredited)
* ''[[The Black Parachute]]'' (1944) as Michael Kaligor Lindley
* ''[[Stars on Parade (1944 film)|Stars on Parade]]'' (1944) as Danny Davis
* ''[[Sergeant Mike]]'' (1944) as Pvt. Tom Allen
* ''[[She's a Sweetheart]]'' (1944) as Rocky Hill
* ''[[Counter-Attack]]'' (1945) as Kirichenko
* ''[[Renegades (1946 film)|Renegades]]'' (1946) as Ben Dembrow (Ben Taylor)
* ''[[The Jolson Story]]'' (1946) as Al Jolson
* ''[[Down to Earth (1947 film)|Down to Earth]]'' (1947) as Danny Miller
* ''[[Her Husband's Affairs]]'' (1947) as himself (uncredited)
* ''[[The Swordsman (1948 film)|The Swordsman]]'' (1948) as Alexander MacArden
* ''[[The Gallant Blade]]'' (1948) as Lt. David Picard
* ''[[Jolson Sings Again]]'' (1949) as Al Jolson
* ''[[Emergency Wedding]]'' (1950) as Peter Judson Kirk Jr.
* ''[[Love Is Better Than Ever]]'' (1952) as Jud Parker
* ''[[Tiger by the Tail (1955 film)|Tiger by the Tail]]'' (1954, UK) as John Desmond 
* ''[[Freud: The Secret Passion]]'' (1962, UK) as Dr. Joseph Breuer (final film role)
{{div col end}}

===Television===
{{expand section|date=June 2022}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Tcmdb name}}
* Video: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120423031910/http://jolsonville.com/2011/03/01/the-jolson-story-opening-review/#more-852 ''The Jolson Story''] compilation of film clips
* [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=5339 Photographs and literature]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parks, Larry}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American Jews]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American male stage actors]]
[[Category:California Democrats]]
[[Category:Columbia Pictures contract players]]
[[Category:Hollywood blacklist]]
[[Category:Illinois Democrats]]
[[Category:Jewish American male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Joliet, Illinois]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kansas]]
[[Category:Members of the Communist Party USA]]
[[Category:People from Olathe, Kansas]]
[[Category:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni]]