Editing Larry Gelbart

{{short description|American comedy writer and playwright (1928–2009)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Larry Gelbart
| image = Larrygelbart.jpg
| imagesize = 
| other_names = Francis Burns, Elsig
| birth_name = Larry Simon Gelbart
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|02|25}}
| birth_place = [[Chicago, Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|09|11|1928|02|25}}
| death_place = [[Beverly Hills, California]], U.S.
| resting_place = [[Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery]], [[Culver City, California]]
| occupation = {{hlist|TV writer|author|playwright|screenwriter|director}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Patricia Marshall]]|1956}}
| children = 5
| years_active = 1944–2009
| signature = LarryGelbart.png
| module             = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
   | allegiance    = {{USA}}
   | branch        = [[File:Flag of the United States Army.svg|25px]] [[United States Army]]
   | serviceyears  = 
   | rank          = [[File:Army-USA-OR-05 (Army greens).svg|20px]] [[Sergeant]]
   | unit          = [[File:American Forces Network logo.png|25px]] [[American Forces Network#History|Armed Forces Radio Service]]
   | battles       = [[World War II]]
   | awards        = }}
}}

'''Larry Simon Gelbart''' (February 25, 1928 – September 11, 2009)<ref name="McLellan">{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-larry-gelbart12-2009sep12,0,2812430.story|title='MASH' writer Larry Gelbart dies at 81|last=McLellan|first=Dennis|date=September 11, 2009|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=September 11, 2009}}</ref> was an American television writer, playwright, screenwriter, director and author, most famous as a creator and producer of the television series ''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'', and as co-writer of the Broadway musicals ''[[A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum]]'' and ''[[City of Angels (musical)|City of Angels]]''.

==Biography==

===Early life===
Gelbart was born in Chicago, Illinois, to [[Jewish]] immigrants Harry Gelbart, "a barber since his half of a childhood in [[Latvia]],"<ref name="LaughingMatters">{{cite book | last=Gelbart | first=Larry | title=Laughing Matters: On Writing MASH, Tootsie, Oh, God!, and a Few Other Funny Things | location=New York | publisher=Random House | year=1998 | isbn=0-679-42945-X }}</ref> and Frieda Sturner, from what is now [[Dąbrowa Górnicza]] (Poland), who migrated to the United States. Larry Gelbart had a sister, Marcia Gelbart Walkenstein.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

His family later moved to Los Angeles and he attended [[Fairfax High School (Los Angeles)|Fairfax High School]]. Drafted into the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] near the end of [[World War II]], Gelbart worked for the [[American Forces Network#History|Armed Forces Radio Service]] in Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-larry-gelbart12-2009sep12,0,2812430.story#axzz2u5iBIuLR |title=Larry Gelbart dies at 81; 'MASH' writer - Los Angeles Times |work=Los Angeles Times |date=February 25, 1928 |access-date=July 4, 2014}}</ref> Attaining the rank of sergeant, Gelbart was honorably discharged after serving 1 year and 11 days. Those last 11 days prevented Gelbart from being drafted for service during the [[Korean War]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbq6-sLPUyc "M.A.S.H" creator Larry Gelbart on his army days.] ''[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|Television Academy]] Foundation: The Interviews'' via [[YouTube]]. Retrieved November 2, 2019.</ref>

===Television===
Gelbart began as a writer at the age of sixteen for [[Danny Thomas]]'s [[radio]] show after his father, who was Thomas's [[barber]], showed Thomas some jokes Gelbart had written. During the 1940s Gelbart also wrote for [[Jack Paar]] and [[Bob Hope]]. In the 1950s, his most important work in [[television]] involved writing for [[Red Buttons]], [[Sid Caesar]] on ''[[Caesar's Hour]]'', and in [[Celeste Holm]]'s ''[[Honestly, Celeste!]]'', as well as with writers [[Mel Tolkin]], [[Michael Stewart (playwright)|Michael Stewart]], [[Selma Diamond]], [[Neil Simon]], [[Mel Brooks]], [[Carl Reiner]] and [[Woody Allen]] on two Caesar specials.<ref>Malarcher, Jay (2003). ''The Classically American Comedy of Larry Gelbart''. Lanham, Md.: The Scarecrow Press. {{ISBN|0-8108-4772-8}}.</ref>

In 1972, Gelbart was one of the main forces behind the creation of the television series [[M*A*S*H (TV series)|''M*A*S*H'']], writing the pilot (for which he received a "Developed for Television by __" credit); then producing, often writing and occasionally directing the series for its first four seasons, from 1972 to 1976. ''M*A*S*H'' earned Gelbart a [[Peabody Award]] and an [[Emmy Award|Emmy]] for [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series|Outstanding Comedy Series]] and went on to considerable commercial and critical success.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===Films===
Gelbart's best known screen work is perhaps the screenplay for 1982's ''[[Tootsie]]'', which he co-wrote with [[Murray Schisgal]]. He was nominated for an Academy Award for that script,<ref>{{Citation|work=IMDb|title=Tootsie |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084805/awards|access-date=March 8, 2021}}</ref> and also was Oscar-nominated for his adapted screenplay for 1977's ''[[Oh, God! (film)|Oh, God!]]'' starring [[John Denver]] and [[George Burns]]. On his relationship with actor Dustin Hoffman in ''[[Tootsie]]'', Gelbart is reported to have said, "Never work with an Oscar-winner  who is shorter than the statue".<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/larry-gelbart-comedy-writer-best-known-for-m-a-s-h-on-television-and-tootsie-in-the-cinema-1791188.html Obituary], independent.co.uk. Accessed August 3, 2023.</ref> He later retracted this statement, saying it was just a joke.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

He collaborated with Burt Shevelove on the screenplay for the 1966 British film ''[[The Wrong Box]]''. Gelbart also co-wrote the golden-era film spoof ''[[Movie Movie]]'' (1978) starring [[George C. Scott]] in dual roles, the racy comedy ''[[Blame It on Rio]]'' (1984) starring [[Michael Caine]] and the 2000 remake of ''[[Bedazzled (2000 film)|Bedazzled]]'' with [[Elizabeth Hurley]] and [[Brendan Fraser]]. His script for ''[[Rough Cut (1980 film)|Rough Cut]]'' (1980), a caper film starring [[Burt Reynolds]], [[Lesley-Anne Down]] and [[David Niven]], was credited under the pseudonym Francis Burns.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

Gelbart-scripted films for television included ''[[Barbarians at the Gate (film)|Barbarians at the Gate]]'' (1993), a true story about the battle for control of the [[RJR Nabisco]] corporation starring [[James Garner]] that was based on [[Barbarians at the Gate|the best-selling book of that name]]; the original comedy ''[[Weapons of Mass Distraction]]'' (1997) starring [[Ben Kingsley]] and [[Gabriel Byrne]] as rival media moguls; and ''[[And Starring Pancho Villa as Himself]]'' (2003) starring [[Antonio Banderas]] as the Mexican revolutionary leader.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===Broadway===
Gelbart co-wrote the long-running [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] [[farce|musical farce]] ''[[A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum]]'' with [[Burt Shevelove]] and [[Stephen Sondheim]] in 1962. After the show received poor reviews and box-office returns during its previews in Washington, D.C., rewrites and restaging helped; it was a smash Broadway hit and ran for 964 performances. Its book won a [[Tony Award]]. In a 1991 published edition of the musical, Gelbart wrote "it remains for me the best piece of work I've been lucky enough to see my name on."  A film version starring [[Zero Mostel]] and directed by [[Richard Lester]], was released in 1966. Gelbart was critical of the movie, as most of his and Shevelove's [[libretto]] was largely rewritten.

Gelbart's other Broadway credits include the musical ''[[City of Angels (musical)|City of Angels]]'', which won him the [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Book of a Musical]], the [[Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical]], and an [[Edgar Award]] and an off-Broadway musical, ''In The Beginning'', a satirical take on the Bible, with music and lyrics by [[Maury Yeston]]. He also wrote the [[Iran-Contra affair|Iran-Contra]] [[satire]] ''[[Mastergate (play)|Mastergate]]'', as well as ''[[Sly Fox]]'' and a musical adaptation of the [[Preston Sturges]] movie ''[[Hail the Conquering Hero]]'', whose grueling development inspired Gelbart to utter what evolved into the classic quip, "If [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] is alive, I hope he's out of town with a musical."<ref>See e.g. {{cite news |last=Barthel |first=Joan |date=February 25, 1968 |title=Life for Simon—-Not That Simple |newspaper=The New York Times |page=D9}}, cited in 
{{cite web |last=Popik |first=Barry |date=September 11, 2009 |title=If Hitler's still alive, I hope he's out of town with a musical (Larry Gelbart) |url=http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/if_hitlers_still_alive_i_hope_hes_out_of_town_with_a_musical_larry_gelbart |access-date=March 8, 2016 |website=The Big Apple}} and the Book for ''In The Beginning'', a musical satire on the Bible with music and lyrics by [[Maury Yeston]].

According to Martin Gottfried, when producer [[Robert Whitehead (theatre producer)|Robert Whitehead]] tried to divert Gelbart by musing about how the ongoing war crimes trial of [[Adolf Eichmann]] might turn out, Gelbart shot back, "They ought to send him out of town with a musical." {{cite book |last=Gottfried |first=Martin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Vr0l7Ux2OAC&q=eichmann+%22out+of+town%22+musical&pg=PA128 |title=All His Jazz: The Life and Death of Bob Fosse |date=2003 |publisher=Da Capo |isbn=978-0-306-81284-2 |edition=2nd |location=New York |page=128}}</ref>

===Memoirs===
In 1997, Gelbart published his memoir, ''Laughing Matters: On Writing M*A*S*H, Tootsie, Oh, God! and a Few Other Funny Things''.<ref name="LaughingMatters"/>

===Blogger===
Gelbart was a contributing blogger at ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', and also was a regular participant on the alt.tv.mash [[Usenet]] newsgroup as "Elsig".

==Honors==
In 1995, a Golden Palm Star on the [[Palm Springs, California]], [[Palm Springs Walk of Stars|Walk of Stars]] was dedicated to him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf |title=Palm Springs Walk of Stars : Listed by Date Dedicated |publisher=Palmspringswalkofstars.com |access-date=July 4, 2014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013165655/http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2012 }}</ref>

He won a Tony Award for the book of ''A Funny Thing Happened On The Way to The Forum.''

He won a Tony Award for the book of ''City of Angels''.

He won an [[Emmy Award]] for [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series|Outstanding Comedy Series]] in 1974 for ''M*A*S*H''.

In 2002, Gelbart was inducted into the [[American Theatre Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://209.183.229.132/news/article/72902-32nd-Annual-Theatre-Hall-of-Fame-Inductees-Announced-Mamet-Channing-Grimes-Among-Names |title=32nd Annual Theatre Hall of Fame Inductees Announced; Mamet, Channing, Grimes Among Names – Playbill.com |publisher=209.183.229.132 |access-date=July 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223013813/http://209.183.229.132/news/article/72902-32nd-Annual-Theatre-Hall-of-Fame-Inductees-Announced-Mamet-Channing-Grimes-Among-Names |archive-date=February 23, 2014 }}</ref>

In 2008, he was inducted into the [[Television Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/awards/hall-of-fame-honorees|title=Television Hall of Fame Honorees: Complete List|publisher=Emmys.com|access-date=July 4, 2014}}</ref>

==Death==
Gelbart was diagnosed with [[cancer]] in June and died at his Beverly Hills home on September 11, 2009, aged 81. His wife of 53 years, [[Patricia Marshall|Pat Gelbart]], said that after being married for so long, "we finished each other's sentences." She declined to specify the type of cancer he had.<ref name="McLellan"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ix5WW8PoZMC82BvqU_LEuyYkP97AD9ALDV4O0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921041247/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ix5WW8PoZMC82BvqU_LEuyYkP97AD9ALDV4O0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 21, 2009 | title='M-A-S-H' writer Larry Gelbart dies at 81 | agency=Associated Press | access-date=September 11, 2009}}</ref> He was interred at the [[Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery]] in [[Culver City, California]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FOHgDAAAQBAJ&dq=larry+gelbart+hillside+memorial&pg=PA274 ''Resting Places'']</ref>

==Writing credits==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''[[Duffy's Tavern]]'' (1941–1951) (Radio)
* ''[[The Red Buttons Show]]'' (1952) (TV)
* ''[[Honestly, Celeste!]]'' (1954) (TV)
* ''[[Caesar's Hour]]'' (1954–1957) (TV)
* ''[[The Patrice Munsel Show (TV series)|The Patrice Munsel Show]]'' (1957) (TV)
* ''[[The Dinah Shore Chevy Show]]'' (1958) (TV)
* ''[[The Art Carney Special|The Art Carney Show]]'' (1959) (TV)
* ''[[Startime (1959 TV series)|Startime]]'' (1959) (TV)
* ''The Best of Anything'' (1960) (TV)
* ''Hooray for Love'' (1960) (TV)
* ''[[A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum]]'' (with [[Burt Shevelove]]) (1962) (Theater)
* ''[[The Notorious Landlady]]'' (with [[Blake Edwards]]) (1962)
* ''Judy and her guests, [[Phil Silvers]] and Robert Goulet'' (1963) (TV)
* ''[[The Thrill of It All (film)|The Thrill of It All]]'' (1963) (story only)
* ''[[The Danny Kaye Show]]'' (1963) (TV)
* ''[[The Wrong Box]]'' (with [[Burt Shevelove]]) (1966)
* ''[[Not with My Wife, You Don't!]]'' (with [[Norman Panama]] and [[Peter Barnes (playwright)|Peter Barnes]]) (1966)
* ''[[A Fine Pair]]'' (1967) (uncredited)
* ''Eddie'' (1971) (TV)
* ''[[The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine]]'' (1971) (TV)
* ''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'' (1972–1983) (TV) (also Co-Creator, with [[Gene Reynolds]])
* ''[[Roll Out]]'' (1973) (TV)
* ''If I Love You, Am I Trapped Forever?'' (1974) (TV)
* ''[[Karen (1975 TV series)|Karen]]'' (1975) (TV)
* ''[[Sly Fox]]'' (1976) (Theater)
* ''[[Three's Company]]'' (1976) (TV) (unaired pilot)
* ''[[Oh, God! (film)|Oh God!]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Movie Movie]]'' (1978)
* ''[[United States (TV series)|United States]]'' (1980) (TV)
* ''[[Rough Cut (1980 film)|Rough Cut]]'' (1980) (as Francis Burns)
* ''[[Neighbors (1981 film)|Neighbors]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Tootsie]]'' (screenplay credit with [[Murray Schisgal]]); (story credit with [[Don McGuire (actor)|Don McGuire]]) (1982)
* ''[[AfterMASH]]'' (1983–1984) (TV) (also Creator)
* ''[[Blame it on Rio]]'' (1984) (with [[Charlie Peters]])
* ''In The Beginning'' (1988) (with [[Maury Yeston]]) (Theater)
* ''[[City of Angels (musical)|City of Angels]]'' (1989) (Theater)
* ''[[Mastergate (play)|Mastergate]]'' (1990) (Theater)
* ''[[Barbarians at the Gate (film)|Barbarians at the Gate]]'' (1993) (TV)
* ''[[Weapons of Mass Distraction]]'' (1997) (TV)
* ''Laughing Matters: On writing M*A*S*H, Tootsie, Oh, God! And A Few Other Funny Things'' (1999) (Autobiography)
* ''C-Scam'' (2000) (TV)
* ''[[Bedazzled (2000 film)|Bedazzled]]'' (with [[Harold Ramis]] and [[Peter Tolan]]) (2000)
* ''[[And Starring Pancho Villa as Himself]]'' (2003) (TV)
{{div col end}}

==''M*A*S*H'' episodes==
The following is a list of ''M*A*S*H'' episodes (42 Total) written and/or directed by Gelbart.

===Season one (9/17/72–3/25/73)===
* Episode 1: [[Pilot (M*A*S*H)|The Pilot]] (Written)
* Episode 4: "Chief Surgeon Who?" (Written)
* Episode 11: "Germ Warfare" (Written)
* Episode 12: "Dear Dad" (Written)
* Episode 18: "Dear Dad...Again" (Written with [[Sheldon Keller]])
* Episode 21: "Sticky Wicket" (Teleplay with [[Laurence Marks (American writer)|Laurence Marks]])
* Episode 23: "Ceasefire" (Teleplay with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 24: "Showtime" (Teleplay with Robert Klane; Story)

===Season two (9/15/73–3/2/74)===
* Episode 1: "[[Divided We Stand]]" (Written)
* Episode 2: "Five O'Clock Charlie" (Written with Laurence Marks & Keith Walker)
* Episode 6: "Kim" (Written with Marc Mandel & Laurence Marks)
* Episode 7: "L.I.P. (Local Indigenous Personnel)" (Written with Carl Kleinschmitt & Laurence Marks)
* Episode 9: "Dear Dad...Three" (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 11: "[[Carry On, Hawkeye]]" (Written with Bernard Dilbert & Laurence Marks)
* Episode 12: "The Incubator" (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 13: "Deal Me Out" (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 16: "Henry in Love" (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 19: "The Chosen People" (Written Laurence Marks & Sheldon Keller)
* Episode 20: "As You Were" (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 21: "Crisis" (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 23: "Mail Call" (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 24: "A Smattering of Intelligence" (Written with Laurence Marks; Directed)

===Season three (9/10/74–3/18/75)===
* Episode 1: "The General Flipped at Dawn" (Directed)
* Episode 2: "Rainbow Bridge" (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 4: "Iron Guts Kelly" (Written with Sid Dorfman)
* Episode 5: "O.R." (Written with Laurence Marks)
* Episode 10: "There's Nothing Like a Nurse" (Written)
* Episode 16: "Bulletin Board" (Written with Simon Muntner)
* Episode 17: "[[The Consultant (M*A*S*H)|The Consultant]]" (Story)
* Episode 19: "[[Aid Station (M*A*S*H)|Aid Station]]" (Written with Simon Muntner)
* Episode 23: "[[White Gold (M*A*S*H)|White Gold]]" (Written with Simon Muntner)
* Episode 24: "[[Abyssinia, Henry]]" (Directed)

===Season four (9/12/75–2/24/76)===
* Episode 1: "[[Welcome to Korea]]" (Written with Everett Greenbaum & Jim Fritzell)
* Episode 3: "It Happened One Night" (Teleplay with Simon Muntner)
* Episode 9: "[[Quo Vadis, Captain Chandler?]]" (Directed)
* Episode 13: "The Gun" (Written with [[Gene Reynolds]])
* Episode 15: "The Price of Tomato Juice" (Written with Gene Reynolds)
* Episode 18: "Hawkeye" (Written with Simon Muntner; Directed)
* Episode 21: "Smilin' Jack" (Written with Simon Muntner)
* Episode 22: "The More I See You" (Written with Gene Reynolds)
* Episode 23: "Deluge" (Written with Simon Muntner)
* Episode 24: "[[The Interview (M*A*S*H)|The Interview]]" (Written and Directed)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Isenberg, Barbara. ''State of the Arts: California Artists Talk About Their Work.'' 2005
* Gelbart, Larry. ''Laughing Matters: On Writing MASH, Tootsie, Oh, God!, and a Few Other Funny Things.'' 1998

==External links==
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{IMDb name|312205}}
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/6183950/Larry-Gelbart.html Larry Gelbart] – Daily Telegraph obituary
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/arts/friday_play.shtml ''Abrogate'' – Larry Gelbart play, online @ BBC Radio 4]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171223200338/http://www.otrrpedia.net/getpersonF.php?PN=2409 Old Time Radio Researchers Database of People and Programs]
* [http://www.emmytvlegends.org/interviews/people/larry-gelbart Larry Gelbart Archive of American Television Interview]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110120195757/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1005140,00.html ''Nonstop Laughs''] Larry Gelbart, TIME Magazine

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Larry Gelbart
| list =
{{DramaDesk Book 1976–2000}}
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay}}
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay}}
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay}}
{{2008 Television Hall of Fame}}
{{TonyAward BestAuthor}}
{{TonyAward MusicalBook 1976–2000}}
{{Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay}}
{{Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay}}
{{WritersGuildofAmericaEpisodicComedyScreenplay}}
{{Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Long Form – Original}}
{{Laurel Award for TV Writing Achievement}}
{{Valentine Davies Award}}
}}

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