Editing Land Rover

{{Short description|Car marque and former British car company}}
{{Redirect|Land Rover Ltd.|the 1948–1985 Land Rover model, made by the Rover Company|Land Rover Series}}{{Distinguish|Rover (marque)}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox brand
| name           = Land Rover (marque)
| logo           = [[File:Land Rover logo black.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| logo_upright   = 0.8
| logo_alt       =
| logo_caption   =
| image          = Land Rover Tiras Mountains Namibia (2009).jpg
| image_upright  =
| alt            =
| caption        =
| producttype    = [[Luxury car|Luxury vehicles]]
| currentowner   = [[Jaguar Land Rover]]<ref name="tm_reg">{{cite web |url=https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK00000663199 |title=Trade mark number UK00000663199 |department=Intellectual Property Office |publisher=Crown (UK Government) |access-date=22 January 2023 |archive-date=22 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122152921/https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK00000663199 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| producedby     = [[Jaguar Land Rover]]
| origin         = United Kingdom
| introduced     = {{start date and age|1948}}<ref name="robson_">{{cite book|title=The Rover company |first=Graham |last=Robson |publisher=Patrick Stephens |edition=2 |year=1981 |isbn=0-85059-543-6}}</ref> <!-- originally introduced as a brand of the Rover Company -->
| discontinued   = 
| related        = [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]]
| markets        = Worldwide
| previousowners = {{plainlist|
* [[Rover Company]] <br>(1948–1967) 
* [[Leyland Motors|Leyland Motor Corporation]]<br> (1967–1968) 
* [[British Leyland]]<br>(1968–1978) 
* [[Land Rover Ltd.]]<br>(1978–2012) 
}}
| tagline        = "Above & Beyond"
| website        = {{URL|https://www.landrover.com/|landrover.com}}
}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Land Rover Limited
| logo = LandRover.svg
| industry = [[Automotive]]
| fate = Merged with [[Jaguar Cars]] in 2013
| predecessor = [[British Leyland]] <!-- BL had absorbed the Rover Company before LR became a separate company -->
| successor = [[Jaguar Land Rover]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1978}}
| founder = [[British Leyland]] <!-- it was a model name/marque within Rover until British Leyland split it up from Rover in 1978 -->
| location = [[Solihull]], West Midlands (1978–2012)
| defunct = 2012
| parent = {{plainlist|
* [[British Leyland]] <br>(1978–1986) 
* [[Rover Group]]<br>(1986–1994) 
* [[BMW]]<br>(1994–2000) 
* [[Ford Motor Company]]<br>(2000–2008) 
* [[Tata Motors]]<br>(2008–2012)
}}|
}}

'''Land Rover''' is a British brand of predominantly [[four-wheel drive]], [[Off-road vehicle|off-road capable]] vehicles, owned by [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Automotive industry|car manufacturer]] [[Jaguar Land Rover]] (JLR), since 2008 a subsidiary of India's [[Tata Motors]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Subsidiaries, JVs and Associates: Jaguar Land Rover |url=http://www.tatamotors.com/know-us/associates.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205002225/http://www.tatamotors.com/know-us/associates.php |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date=14 February 2012 |publisher=Tata Motors}}</ref> JLR builds Land Rovers in Brazil, China, India, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom. The Land Rover name was created in 1948 by the [[Rover Company]] for a utilitarian 4WD off-road vehicle. Currently, the Land Rover range consists solely of upmarket and luxury [[sport utility vehicle]]s.

Land Rover was granted a [[Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom)|Royal Warrant]] by King [[George VI]] in 1951.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 June 2015 |title=Queen's Birthday Party Speech by H.E. Vicki Treadell |publisher=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/queens-birthday-party-speech-by-he-vicki-treadell |access-date=5 November 2016 |archive-date=27 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127225513/https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/queens-birthday-party-speech-by-he-vicki-treadell |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |date=5 October 2016 |title=Star role for Jaguar Land Rover at the coronation festival, celebrating the 60th anniversary of the coronation of HM the Queen |publisher=Jaguar Land Rover News |url=http://www.jaguarlandrover.com/gl/en/about-us/news/2013/07/24/star-role-for-jaguar-land-rover-at-the-coronation-festival-celebrating-the-60th-anniversary-of-the-coronation-of-hm-the-queen/ |url-status=dead |access-date=5 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328134151/https://www.jaguarlandrover.com/gl/en/about-us/news/2013/07/24/star-role-for-jaguar-land-rover-at-the-coronation-festival-celebrating-the-60th-anniversary-of-the-coronation-of-hm-the-queen/ |archive-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> In 2001, it received a [[Queen's Awards for Enterprise|Queen's Award for Enterprise]] for outstanding contribution to international trade.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=56182 |page=2 |supp=y |date=April 2001}}</ref> Over time, Land Rover grew into its own brand, and for a while also a company, encompassing a consistently growing range of four-wheel drive, off-road capable models. Starting with the much more upmarket [[Range Rover Classic|1970 Range Rover]], and subsequent introductions of the mid-range [[Land Rover Discovery|Discovery]] and entry-level [[Land Rover Freelander|Freelander]] line, in 1989 and 1997, as well as the 1990 [[Land Rover Defender]] refresh, the marque today includes two models of Discovery, four distinct models of [[Range Rover]], and after a three-year hiatus, a second generation of Defenders have gone into production for the 2020 model year – in short or long wheelbase, as before.

For half a century, from the original 1948 model, to 1997, when the Freelander was introduced, Land Rovers and Range Rovers exclusively relied on their trademark boxed-section [[vehicle frame]]s. Land Rover used boxed frames in a direct product bloodline until the termination of the original Defender in 2016. Their last [[body-on-frame]] model was replaced by a [[monocoque]] with the [[Land Rover Discovery#Third generation (L462; 2017–present)|third generation Discovery]] in 2017. Since then, all Land Rovers and Range Rovers have a [[unibody|unified body and frame]] structure.

Since 2010, Land Rover has introduced two-wheel drive variants, both of the [[Land Rover Freelander|Freelander]], and of the [[Land Rover Evoque|Evoque]], after having built exclusively 4WD cars for 62 years.<ref>Not counting [[Freight Rover]]s.</ref> The 2WD Freelander has been succeeded by a 2WD [[Land Rover Discovery Sport|Discovery Sport]], available in some markets.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2016 |title=Land Rover Discovery Sport |url=https://www.carwow.co.uk/land-rover/discovery-sport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404071835/https://www.carwow.co.uk/land-rover/discovery-sport |archive-date=4 April 2016 |publisher=Carwow}}</ref>

== History ==
Originally, these vehicles were simply called the 'Land Rover' – an [[Off-road vehicle|off-road capable]] car model of the [[Rover Company]]. As 'Land Rover' became established as a [[brand]], the 'Series' indication later became a [[retronym]] [[Car model|model name]].<ref>E.g: Series I, Series II, Series IIA.</ref> The [[Range Rover Classic|Range Rover]] was introduced in 1970, and the company became a British Leyland subsidiary in 1978. In 1983 and 1984, the long and the short wheelbase Land Rovers were given official names – the One Ten, and the Ninety respectively. Together they were badged the [[Land Rover Defender|Defender models]] in 1990, after the 1989 introduction of the new [[Land Rover Discovery|Discovery]] model.

=== Rover era ===
[[File:Land Rover Celebrates 65 Years Of Technology & Innovation (8838044808).jpg|thumb|Series I first registered January 1949<br>"HUE166 first production Land-Rover"<br>portraits of Spencer and Maurice Wilks]]
[[File:LandRoverIIALWB.jpg|thumb|Series IIA long-wheelbase]]
[[File:Andy's Landrover - Dash (2708153690).jpg|thumb|Series IIA dashboard]]
[[File:2016-08-12 Veicolo per incendi boschivi Cascina.jpg|thumb|Land Rover conversion to fight forest fires, [[Cascina]], Italy (August 2016)]]
The design for the original vehicle was started in 1947 by [[Maurice Wilks]]. Wilks, chief designer at the [[Rover Company]], on his farm in [[Newborough, Anglesey]], worked in conjunction with his brother [[Spencer Wilks|Spencer]] who was the managing director of Rover.<ref name=dt_20080328>{{cite news |title=Land Rover: The sands of time |first=Kevin |last=Hackett |date=28 March 2008 |newspaper=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/2751397/Land-Rover-The-sands-of-time.html |access-date=18 August 2019 |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328143157/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/2751397/Land-Rover-The-sands-of-time.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The design may have been influenced by the [[Bantam GP|Jeep]]<ref>{{cite book|quote=The first Land-Rover owed a lot to the Jeep. Designer Gordon Bashford, who laid out the basic concept, makes no secret of that. It was also his job to go off to an ex-WD surplus vehicle dump in the Cotswolds, buy a couple of roadworthy Jeeps... |title=The Rover Story |first=Graham |last=Robson |year=1981 |page=87 |publisher=Stephens |isbn=978-0-85059-543-7 }}</ref> and the prototype, later nicknamed [[Centre Steer]], was built on a Jeep chassis and axles.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5qVKiNkvAcC&q=First+Land+Rover+built+on+a+Jeep+chassis&pg=PA111 |page=111 |title=Illustrated Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Automobiles |first=Giles |last=Chapman |publisher=DK Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=9780756649807 |access-date=18 August 2019 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222053123/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5qVKiNkvAcC&q=First+Land+Rover+built+on+a+Jeep+chassis&pg=PA111#v=snippet&q=First%20Land%20Rover%20built%20on%20a%20Jeep%20chassis&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The early choice of colour was dictated by [[military surplus]] supplies of aircraft cockpit paint, so early vehicles only came in various shades of light green. Starting with the series I Land Rover, all models in this era featured sturdy [[Vehicle frame#Boxed|box-section]] ladder-frame chassis.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.whichcar.com.au/reviews/land-rover-history| title = Land Rover History – WhichCar.com| date = 27 January 2016| access-date = 8 August 2020| archive-date = 8 August 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200808120715/https://www.whichcar.com.au/reviews/land-rover-history| url-status = live}}</ref> Early vehicles like the [[Land Rover Series#Series I|Series I]] were field-tested at Long Bennington and designed to be field-serviced.

After the formation of Land Rover Limited in 1978 the hyphen in Land-Rover – as shown in the logo – began to be dropped.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XI18AwAAQBAJ&dq=Land-rover&pg=PT386 James Taylor. ''Land Rover: 65 Years of the 4&nbsp;×&nbsp;4 Workhorse''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528161156/https://books.google.com/books?id=XI18AwAAQBAJ&dq=Land-rover&pg=PT386 |date=28 May 2023 }}. Crowood Press, UK, 2013. {{ISBN|9781847975287}}</ref>

=== Land Rover Ltd – subsidiary of BL ===
Land Rover as a company has existed since 1978. Prior to this, it was a product line of the Rover Company, which was absorbed into the Rover-Triumph division of the [[British Leyland Motor Corporation]] (BL) following [[Leyland Motor Corporation]]'s takeover of Rover in 1967. The ongoing commercial success of the original Land Rover series models and the Range Rover in the 1970s, in the midst of BL's well-documented business troubles, prompted the establishment of a separate Land Rover company under the BL umbrella, remaining part of the subsequent [[Rover Group]] in 1988 under the ownership of [[British Aerospace]], after British Leyland was broken up and privatised.

=== BMW era ===
On 31 January 1994, [[Rover Group|Rover Group plc]], including Land Rover, was acquired by [[BMW]]. In 2000, Rover Group was broken up by BMW and Land Rover was sold on to [[Ford Motor Company]], becoming part of its [[Premier Automotive Group]]. The transition to BMW ownership only just preceded the introduction of the second generation [[Range Rover (P38A)|Range Rover]], prior to launching Land Rover's first [[unibody]] model, the [[Land Rover Freelander|Freelander]] in 1997. BMW was then responsible for much of the development of the [[Range Rover (L322)|Range Rover III]] – the first to have a monocoque structure and [[Car suspension|independent suspension]], introduced under Ford in late 2001.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.landrover.com/explore-land-rover/onelife/heritage/range-rover-history.html| title = Range Rover: A History - Featured Articles – Land Rover| access-date = 8 August 2020| archive-date = 30 October 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201030042131/https://www.landrover.com/explore-land-rover/onelife/heritage/range-rover-history.html| url-status = live}}</ref>

=== Ford era ===
After the introduction of the all-new Range Rover in 2001, Ford moved Land Rover further away from its traditional boxed ladder-frames, by introducing a [[Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 3 / LR3 (2004–2009)|new generation Discovery]] featuring "Integrated Body Frame", in 2004. From then on, only the Defender continued on Land Rover's traditional since 1948 underpinnings. Use of the [[Rover V8 engine]] in Land Rovers also ended with the replacement of the mk. II Discovery.

In 2006 Ford also purchased the [[Rover (marque)|Rover brand]] from BMW for around £6 million. BMW had retained ownership of the brand to protect the integrity of the Land Rover brand, with which 'Rover' might be confused in the US  –  market, and allowed it to be used under licence by [[MG Rover]] until it collapsed in 2005, at which point it was offered to the Ford Motor Company, who by then owned Land Rover. On 11 June 2007, Ford announced that it planned to sell Land Rover along with [[Jaguar Cars]]. Private equity firms such as [[Alchemy Partners]] of the UK, [[TPG Capital]], [[Ripplewood Holdings]], [[Cerberus Capital Management]] and [[One Equity Partners]] of the US, [[Tata Motors]] of India and a consortium comprising [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] of India and [[Apollo Management]] all initially expressed interest in purchasing the [[marque]]s from the Ford Motor Company.<ref name="From Archive.org-6375467">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html |title=India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar |work=forbes.com |date=24 August 2007 |access-date=18 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208072836/http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html |archive-date=8 December 2007 |url-status=dead |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=AFX News Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/article3307647.ece |title=Tata in pole position to buy Jaguar and Land Rover marques from Ford |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=4 January 2008 |last=Clark |first=Nick |work=The Independent |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105014035/http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/article3307647.ece |archive-date=5 January 2008}}</ref> On 1 January 2008, Ford formally declared that Tata was the preferred bidder.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1699920,00.html |title=Indian Company Top Bidder for Jaguar |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=3 January 2008 |agency=Associated Press |last=Krisher |first=Tom |magazine=Time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106094214/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1699920,00.html |archive-date=6 January 2008}}</ref> On 26 March 2008, Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors, and that it expected to complete the sale by the end of the second quarter of 2008.<ref name="ford_20080326"/>

=== Tata Motors era ===
On 18 January 2008, Tata Motors, a part of the [[Tata Group]], established [[Jaguar Land Rover|Jaguar Land Rover Limited]] as a British-registered and wholly owned subsidiary. The new company was to be used as a holding company for the acquisition of the two businesses from Ford – Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover. That acquisition was completed on 2 June 2008 at a cost of £1.7&nbsp;billion.<ref name="r_20080602">{{cite news |title=Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jag, Land Rover |date=2 June 2008 |publisher=Thomson Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSBMA00084220080602 |access-date=2 June 2008 |archive-date=29 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229000957/http://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSBMA00084220080602 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080630/FREE/940478590/1528/newsletter01 |title=On U.S. tour, Mr. Tata gives Jaguar and Rover dealers a hug: AutoWeek Magazine |publisher=Autoweek.com |access-date=4 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117204002/http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080630%2FFREE%2F940478590%2F1528%2Fnewsletter01 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BBCJagJobs">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8121056.stm|work=BBC News|title=Jobs warning at Jaguar Land Rover|date=26 June 2009|access-date=26 June 2009|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515121456/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8121056.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=jlrar2010-2011>{{cite web|title=2010/2011 Annual Report|url=https://b.jcms-api.com/download/9e562e87-04c0-418f-8931-a2b9a27e28e7/20102011annualreport.pdf|publisher=Jaguar Land Rover PLC|pages=5|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126065823/https://b.jcms-api.com/download/9e562e87-04c0-418f-8931-a2b9a27e28e7/20102011annualreport.pdf|archive-date=2018-01-26|url-status=live}}</ref> Included in the deal to buy Land Rover and Jaguar Cars were the rights to three other British brands: the [[Daimler Company|Daimler marque]], as well as two dormant brands [[Lanchester Motor Company|Lanchester]] and Rover.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922 |title=5 for 2 special: Tata acquires 3 other British marques in Jaguar, Land Rover deal |publisher=Leftlane News |date=28 March 2008 |access-date=28 March 2008 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305034339/http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 1 January 2013, the group, which had been operating as two separate companies (Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover), although on an integrated basis, underwent a fundamental restructuring. The parent company was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC, Jaguar Cars Limited was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the assets (excluding certain Chinese interests) of Land Rover were transferred to it. The consequence was that Jaguar Land Rover Limited became responsible in the UK for the design, manufacture and marketing of both Jaguar and Land Rover branded products, and Land Rover and Jaguar Cars ceased to be separate vehicle producing entities.<ref name=jlrar2012-2013>{{cite web|title=Annual Report 2012/2013|url=https://b.jcms-api.com/download/f34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553/jaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf|publisher=Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC|pages=91|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070639/https://b.jcms-api.com/download/f34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553/jaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf|archive-date=2018-01-26|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Timeline ===
* 1947: Rover's chief designer [[Maurice Wilks]] and his associates create a prototype using Jeep chassis and components<ref>{{cite book|  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=On9TAAAAMAAJ&q=1947+Land+Rover+prototype+used+Jeep+chassis+and+other+components |page=210 |year=1986 |title=The Range Rover/Land-Rover |first=Graham |last=Robson |publisher=David & Charles|isbn= 9780715387863 |access-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref>
* 1948: The first Land Rover was officially launched on 30 April 1948, at the Amsterdam Motor Show
* 1958: [[Land Rover Series II|Series II]] launched
* 1961: [[Land Rover Series IIa|Series IIA]] began production
* 1967: Rover becomes part of [[Leyland Motors]], later [[British Leyland]] (BL) as Rover Triumph
* 1970: Introduction of the [[Range Rover Classic|Range Rover]]
* 1971: [[Land Rover Series III|Series III]] launched
* 1974: Land Rover abandons US market<ref>{{cite book|last=Bargo |first=Michael |title=Off-road High-performance Handbook: How to Build, Modify and Play with Your Offroad Truck |year=1988 |publisher=Motorbooks International |isbn=9780879383091 |page=15 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qGobAQAAMAAJ&q=stopped+selling+the+Land+Rover+in+the+United+States+at+the+end+of+1974 |access-date=21 October 2017}}</ref> facing competitive pressure from Japanese  –  brands
* 1975: BL collapses and is nationalised, publication of the [[Ryder Report (British Leyland)|Ryder Report]] recommends that Land Rover be split from Rover and be treated as a separate company within BL and becomes part of the new commercial vehicle division called the Land Rover Leyland Group
* 1976: One-millionth Land Rover leaves the production line
* 1978: Land Rover Limited formed as a separate subsidiary of British Leyland<ref>{{cite press release |title=Sixty Years and Four Million Vehicles: Milestones of Land Rover's History |publisher=Land Rover |url=http://uk.medialandrover.com/uploads/pdf/sixty_year_anniversary_timeline_4cd8.doc |access-date=6 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528134440/http://uk.medialandrover.com/uploads/pdf/sixty_year_anniversary_timeline_4cd8.doc |archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref>
* 1980: Rover car production ends at [[Solihull plant|Solihull]] with the transfer of SD1 production to [[Plant Oxford|Cowley, Oxford]]; Solihull is now exclusively for Land Rover manufacture. 5-door Range Rover introduced
* 1983: [[Land Rover Defender|Land Rover 90 (Ninety)/110 (One-Ten)/127]] (renamed Defender in 1990) introduced
* 1986: BL plc becomes Rover Group plc; [[Land Rover Llama|Project Llama]] started
* 1987: Range Rover is finally introduced to the US market, following many years of demand being filled by [[Grey import vehicle|grey market sales]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ifixit.com/Wiki/The_History_of_Land_Rover_-_Small_Beginnings-Big_Results |title=The History of Land Rover |website=iFixit |date=2 July 2015 |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629213118/https://www.ifixit.com/Wiki/The_History_of_Land_Rover_-_Small_Beginnings-Big_Results |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bringatrailer.com/2010/12/29/1978-range-rover-2-door/ |title=1978 Range Rover 2-Door |date=29 December 2010 |publisher=bringatrailer.com |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706070504/http://bringatrailer.com/2010/12/29/1978-range-rover-2-door/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1988: Rover Group is privatised and becomes part of [[British Aerospace]], and is now known simply as [[MG Rover|Rover]]
* 1989: Introduction of [[Land Rover Discovery|Discovery]]
* 1990: The Ninety and One-Ten range of models are given the generic name of [[Land Rover Defender|Defender]]
* 1994: Rover Group is taken over by [[BMW]]. Introduction of second-generation Range Rover. (The original Range Rover was continued under the name 'Range Rover Classic' until 1995)
* 1997: Land Rover introduces the Special Edition Discovery XD with AA yellow paint, subdued wheels, SD type roof racks, and a few other off-road upgrades directly from the factory. Produced only for the North American market, the Special Vehicles Division of Land Rover created only 250 of these bright yellow SUVs.
* 1997: Introduction of [[Land Rover Freelander|Freelander]]
* 1998: Introduction of mark II Discovery
* 2000: BMW breaks up the Rover Group and sells Land Rover to [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] for £1.8 billion<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/761794.stm | work=BBC News | title=BMW, Ford seal Land Rover deal | date=24 May 2000 | access-date=10 March 2011 | archive-date=13 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813155853/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/761794.stm | url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2002: Introduction of third-generation [[Range Rover]]
* 2004: Introduction of second-generation [[Land Rover Discovery|Discovery]], marketed as the Discovery 3, or LR3, depending on market
* 2005: Introduction of [[Range Rover Sport]]
* 2005: Adoption of [[Jaguar AJ-V8 engine]] to replace the [[BMW M62]] [[V8 engine|V8]] in the Range Rover
* 2006: Announcement of a new 2.4-litre diesel engine, 6-speed gearbox, dash and forward-facing rear seats for Defender. Introduction of the second generation of Freelander (Freelander 2). Ford acquires the Rover trademark from BMW, who previously licensed its use to MG Rover Group
* 8 May 2007: 4,000,000th Land Rover rolls off the production line, a Discovery 3 (LR3), donated to The [[Born Free Foundation]]
* 12 June 2007: Announcement from the [[Ford Motor Company]] that it plans to sell Land Rover and also [[Jaguar Cars]]
* August 2007: Tata Motors and [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] as well as financial sponsors [[Cerberus Capital Management]], [[TPG Capital]] and [[Apollo Global Management]] expressed their interest in purchasing [[Jaguar Cars]] and Land Rover from the Ford Motor Company.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531143215/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html |archive-date=31 May 2009 |title=India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar |magazine=Forbes.com |date=24 August 2007 |access-date=15 July 2010}}</ref>
* 26 March 2008: Ford agreed to sell the Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors.<ref name="ford_20080326">{{cite press release|title=Ford Motor Company Announces Agreement to Sell Jaguar Land Rover to Tata Motors|publisher=Ford Motor Company|date=26 March 2008|url=http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=27953|access-date=14 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213003538/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=27953|archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref>
* 2 June 2008: Tata Motors finalised their purchase of Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford and put them into their new subsidiary, Jaguar Land Rover<ref name="r_20080602"/>
* 2010: Introduction of [[Land Rover Discovery|Discovery 4 / LR4]]
* 2011: The [[Range Rover Evoque]] introduced
* 2012: [[Range Rover (L405)|Fourth-generation Range Rover]] was exhibited at the [[2012 Paris Motor Show]]
* 1 January 2013: Land Rover and Jaguar Cars merged to form a single company, Jaguar Land Rover Limited, producing vehicles under both marques
* 2014: The New Discovery Range was unveiled at the 2014 New York Motor Show<ref>{{cite web |title=New York Motor Show 2014 preview |url=http://www.autocarindia.com/auto-news/new-york-motor-show-2014-preview-382204.aspx |publisher=Auto Car India |date=9 April 2014 |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401205932/http://www.autocarindia.com/auto-news/new-york-motor-show-2014-preview-382204.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1 March 2017: The [[Range Rover Velar]] was unveiled in London<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hudson|first1=Paul|title=Range Rover Velar revealed ahead of Geneva motor show debut|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/news/range-rover-velar-revealed-ahead-geneva-motor-show-debut/|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-date=28 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228155810/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/news/range-rover-velar-revealed-ahead-geneva-motor-show-debut/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* June 2018: representatives of the company Land Rover announced the launch of a new project called "Cortex", for the implementation of which will be spent about $5 million. The goal of this project is "to create self-propelled cars-robots that are able to independently navigate off-road in all weather conditions."<ref>[https://www.wired.com/story/land-rover-self-driving-cortex/ "Land Rover Wants to Take Self-Driving Cars Off-Roading"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617193228/https://www.wired.com/story/land-rover-self-driving-cortex/ |date=17 June 2018 }} Wired, 9 June 2018</ref>
* September 2019: Land Rover announces it is working on a remote control system for its new Defender that would allow low-speed driving from outside the car<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/land-rover-developing-remote-control-tech-defender|title=Land Rover developing remote control tech for Defender {{!}} Autocar|website=www.autocar.co.uk|access-date=2019-09-30|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930173322/https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/land-rover-developing-remote-control-tech-defender|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1125276_land-rover-wants-to-turn-the-defender-into-a-giant-remote-control-car|title=Land Rover wants to turn the Defender into a giant remote control car|website=Motor Authority|date=27 September 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-09-30|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930173328/https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1125276_land-rover-wants-to-turn-the-defender-into-a-giant-remote-control-car|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2020: [[Land Rover Defender (L663)]] is released.

== Manufacturing ==
Jaguar Land Rover manufactures Land Rover cars in plants in five countries.<ref name="cl_20190225">{{cite web |last1=Mullen |first1=Enda |title=Jaguar Land Rover: Everything it does around the world |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/jaguar-land-rover-global-operations-15848861 |website=CoventryLive |access-date=22 September 2019 |date=25 February 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922151830/https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/jaguar-land-rover-global-operations-15848861 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the United Kingdom the [[Range Rover (L405)|Range Rover]], [[Range Rover Sport (L494)|Range Rover Sport]] and [[Range Rover Velar]] are built at their [[Solihull plant]] near Birmingham and the [[Land Rover Discovery Sport|Discovery Sport]] and [[Land Rover Evoque|Evoque]] are built at their [[Jaguar Land Rover Halewood|Halewood plant]] near Liverpool. In October 2018 JLR opened a new plant in [[Nitra]], [[Slovakia]] to build the [[Land Rover Discovery (L462)|Discovery]],<ref name="cl_20190225"/> and are now also building the [[Land Rover Defender (L663)|2020 Defender]] there.<ref name="cl_20190505">{{cite web |last1=Mullen |first1=Enda |title=Why the new Land Rover Defender is not being built in the UK |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/land-rover-defender-slovakia-solihull-16218012 |website=CoventryLive |access-date=22 September 2019 |date=5 May 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922152639/https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/land-rover-defender-slovakia-solihull-16218012 |url-status=live }}</ref> In Brazil the company builds both the Discovery Sport and Evoque in their plant in [[Itatiaia]] which was opened in June 2016.<ref name="cl_20190225"/> JLR has been building cars since 2011 in [[Pune]], India and currently builds the Discovery Sport and Evoque there.<ref name="cl_20190225"/> Under a 50/50 [[joint venture]] with [[Chery]] at [[Changshu]] in China Discovery Sports and Evoques are also built.<ref name="cl_20190225"/>

Historically Land Rovers were manufactured primarily at the [[Solihull plant]] until production of the [[Land Rover Freelander|Freelander]] was moved to the Halewood plant. The Freelander was also assembled in [[Knock-down kit|CKD]] form at Land Rover's facility in Pune, India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.landrover.com/me/en/lr/about-land-rover/corporate-news/new-plant-in-pune/ |title=Corporate News: Our new plant in Pune |quote=On 27th May, 2011 Land Rover officially opened its first assembly plant in India. Situated in Pune in the state of Maharashtra, the plant will assemble Land Rover Freelander 2 (LR2) vehicles... |publisher=Land Rover |date=6 July 2011 |access-date=25 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818093503/http://www.landrover.com/me/en/lr/about-land-rover/corporate-news/new-plant-in-pune/ |archive-date=18 August 2012}}</ref> As of 2015, the company continued to expand by building locally in India as well as increasing the number of models made at JLR's Chikhali facility near Pune to include the Discovery Sport and Evoque.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jaguar Land Rover to Increase Production in India |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cd/jaguar-land-rover-to-increase-production-in-india-115112001299_1.html |work=Business Standard India |date=20 November 2015 |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-date=22 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085906/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cd/jaguar-land-rover-to-increase-production-in-india-115112001299_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Land Rover Defender (L316)|Defender]] models were assembled under licence in several locations worldwide, including Spain ([[Santana Motors]]), Iran (Pazhan [[Morattab]]), Brazil ([[Karmann]]), and Turkey ([[Otokar]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=geocites.com query result |url=http://www.geocities.com/guide2landrover/ckd.html |website=www.webcitation.org |date=2007 |access-date=21 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224055751/http://www.geocities.com/guide2landrover/ckd.html |archive-date=24 February 2008}}</ref>

== Global sales ==
=== Global and regional unit sales ===
Worldwide sales of Land Rover tripled from model year 2008/'09 to 2014/'15 (from almost 130,000 to some 385,000 units), to peak at a further 10% higher in '15/'16 and '16/'17, and have since slid by some 100,000 (to 320,000 units) in 2018/'19.<ref name=LRsalesStatistica>{{cite web| url = https://www.statista.com/statistics/763321/land-rover-sales-volume-cars/| title = Sales volume of Land Rover cars 2008-2019 {{!}} Statista| access-date = 18 September 2020| archive-date = 18 September 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200918144208/https://www.statista.com/statistics/763321/land-rover-sales-volume-cars/| url-status = live}}</ref> In spite of the facts, that Australia and New Zealand were important Land Rover markets in the 20th century, and sales in the Asia Pacific region have quadrupled from 2008/'09 to 2014/'15, Land Rover have stopped publishing sales of that region separately – instead including them in "Rest of World" starting 2015/'16.

Overall, Europe is the firm's primary market, consistently yielding 40% to 50% of global units sold. Generally, half of that is down to the home (UK) market. Sales in the U.K. and the U.S. have generally kept equal pace, but since 2012 China has taken the lead as Land Rover's biggest single country market, except for 2018/'19.<ref name=LRsalesStatistica/>

'''Per calendar year:''' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tatamotors.com/investors/jlr-volumes.php|title=Tata Motors - Investors - JLR Volumes|work=tatamotors.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731063152/http://www.tatamotors.com/investors/jlr-volumes.php|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" 
! Year !! '''2009''' !! '''2010''' !! '''2011''' !! '''2012''' !! '''2013''' !! '''2014''' !! '''2015''' !! '''2016'''
|-
! Units sold 
| '''144,371''' || '''181,395''' || '''223,602''' || '''303,926''' || '''348,338''' || '''381,108''' || '''403,079''' || '''434,582'''
|}

'''Per model year:''' <ref name=LRsalesStatistica/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
! style="width:5em;" |	model year	 
! style="width:5em;" |	United Kingdom	 
! style="width:5em;" |	Europe (continent)	 
! style="width:5em;" |	North America	 
! style="width:5em;" |	China*	 
! style="width:5em;" |	Asia Pacific**	 
! style="width:5em;" |	Rest of world	 
! style="width:5em;" |	Total	
|-
!	'08 / '09	
|	25,197	||	33,040	||	23,008	||	7,536	||	5,436	||	34,327	|| {{rh|align=right}} |'''128,544'''
|-
!	'09 / '10	
|	39,085	||	39,086	||	29,319	||	14,962	||	6,092	||	28,633	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''157,177'''
|-
!	'10 / '11	
|	42,125	||	42,732	||	36,041	||	26,009	||	7,288	||	34,892	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''189,087'''
|-
!	'11 / '12	
|	46,257	||	58,213	||	44,136	||	44,622	||	10,485	||	47,919	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''251,632'''
|-
!	'12 / '13	
|	57,186	||	70,252	||	49,931	||	67,579	||	14,008	||	57,087	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''316,043'''
|-
!	'13 / '14	
|	60,019	||	71,525	||	56,214	||	83,186	||	17,787	||	65,058	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''353,789'''
|-
!	'14 / '15	
|	68,882	||	78,140	||	61,555	||	95,528	||	21,548	||	59,626	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''385,279'''
|-
!	'15 / '16	
|	79,723	||	103,683	||	83,133	||	79,937	||		||	80,646	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''427,122'''
|-
!	'16 / '17	
|	85,623	||	100,711	||	81,949	||	95,856	||		||	67,022	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''431,161'''
|-
!	'17 / '18	
|	58,417	||	78,836	||	68,519	||	89,975	||		||	56,224	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''351,971'''
|-
!	'18 / '19	
|	60,791	||	60,168	||	83,389	||	57,801	||		||	57,882	|| {{rh|align=right}} | '''320,031'''
|-
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center" |* China includes data for 2015/16 onwards of Chery Jaguar Land Rover (CJLR) sales. <br> ** Asia Pacific is merged into the rest of world heading from 2015/16 onwards.
|}

=== Unit sales by model ===
The [[Land Rover Discovery Sport|Discovery Sport]] is the most successful Land Rover model, selling 95,520 units globally in 2018. This was followed by another 'sports' model, the Range Rover Sport, at 77,847 units.<ref name=LRsalesStatistica/>
The Discovery Sport is the successor to the brands Freelander model, which was Europe's best selling  –  for five years in a row, after its market introduction in 1997.<ref name=LR_Int>{{cite web| url = https://media.landrover.com/news/2016/01/best-selling-freelander-1-becomes-latest-land-rover-heritage-vehicle| title = Best-Selling Freelander 1 Becomes Latest Land Rover Heritage Vehicle {{!}} Land Rover International| access-date = 19 September 2020| archive-date = 27 October 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201027120559/https://media.landrover.com/news/2016/01/best-selling-freelander-1-becomes-latest-land-rover-heritage-vehicle| url-status = live}}</ref>

== Models ==
[[File:2007 Land Rover Freelander TD 2.0 facelift Front.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Land Rover Freelander]]]]
[[File:Defender90.JPG|thumb|The 1997 [[Land Rover Defender|Defender]] 90]]
[[File:Land Rover Series IIB Forward Control (1968) - 29364327694.jpg|thumb|Series IIB Forward Control]]
[[File:1959 Land Rover Series II Model 109 003.jpg|thumb|Series II 109in]]
[[File:Tsim Sha Tsui - 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in Hong Kong - 2008-05-02 10h50m54s SN207104.jpg|thumb|6-wheel Land Rover Defender, Hong Kong Police Bomb Disposal]]
[[File:Land Rover Discovery 4 HSE 2016.jpg|thumb|2016 Land Rover Discovery 4 – front]]
[[File:Land Rover Discovery 4 HSE 2016 - rear.jpg|thumb|2016 Land Rover Discovery 4 – rear]]
[[File:Land Rover Defender 110 Station Wagon 2016 - left side.jpg|thumb|2016 Land Rover Defender 110 Station Wagon]]
[[File:Land Rover Defender 110 XS TD DC 2015 - rear.jpg|thumb|2015 Land Rover Defender 110 XS TD DC]]
[[File:Land Rover Range Rover Autobiography 2016.jpg|thumb|2016 Range Rover Autobiography]]

=== Historic ===
* [[Land Rover Series|Series I, II, IIA and III]]
* [[Land Rover Freelander|Freelander]] (sold in some markets as LR2)

=== Current ===
* [[Land Rover Defender (L663)|Defender]]
* [[Land Rover Discovery|Discovery]]
* [[Land Rover Discovery Sport|Discovery Sport]]
* [[Range Rover]]
* [[Range Rover Sport]]
* [[Range Rover Velar]]
* [[Range Rover Evoque]]

== Concepts ==
[[Range Stormer]] – Land Rover's first [[concept car|concept vehicle]], unveiled at the 2004 [[North American International Auto Show]], later became the [[Range Rover Sport]]. (Gritzinger, 2004).

[[Land Rover LRX]] – Land Rover's second concept vehicle, first unveiled at the [[Detroit Auto Show|2008 Detroit Auto Show]]. Originally a vehicle with ERAD technology, the production version did not include this. The car was then launched in 2011 as the [[Range Rover Evoque]], and was the first Range Rover branded product to be offered with front wheel drive, and no low ratio transfer box.

[[Land Rover DC100]] – Land Rover's third concept vehicle, first unveiled at the [[Frankfurt Auto Show|2011 Frankfurt Auto Show]], designed to be a replacement for the [[Land Rover Defender]], though it is unlikely that the Defender's replacement will be exactly the same as the DC100 concept.

Land Rover Discovery Vision Concept – Land Rover's fourth concept vehicle, first unveiled at the [[New York Auto Show|2014]], was designed to be a replacement for the [[Land Rover Discovery]], This concept features Transparent Bonnet, Suicide doors, and Laser assisted lamps (there is a very little chance this will be included in any future production vehicles).

=== Military ===
Models developed for the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) include:
* [[Land Rover 101 Forward Control|101 Forward Control]] – also known as the "Land Rover One Tonne FC"
* [[Land Rover 1/2 ton Lightweight|1/2 ton Lightweight]] – airportable military short-wheelbase from the Series 2a
* [[Land Rover Wolf]] – an uprated Military Defender
* [[Snatch Land Rover]] – Land Rover with composite armoured body in UK Armed Forces Service
* 109 Series IIa and III ambulance (body by [[Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group|Marshalls of Cambridge]])
* Range Rover '6×6' Fire Appliance (conversion by Carmichael and Sons of Worcester) for RAF airfield use
* 130 Defender ambulance
* [[Land Rover Llama|'Llama']] prototypes for 101 replacement

Models developed for the [[Australian Army]]
* [[Land Rover Perentie]] 4×4 and 6×6

=== Engines ===
{{Main|Land Rover engines}}

During the history of the Land Rover many different engines have been fitted:
* The inlet-over-exhaust petrol engines ("semi side-valve"), in both four- and six-cylinder variants, which were used for the first Land Rovers in 1948, and which had their origins in pre-war Rover cars. Displacement of the first models was 1,600&nbsp;cc.
* The four-cylinder overhead-valve engines, both petrol and diesel, which first appeared (in diesel form) in 1957, near the end of Series One production, and evolved over the years to the 300 TDi turbodiesel, which remains in production today for some overseas markets.
* The [[Buick]]-sourced all aluminium [[Rover V8]] engine.
* 1,997 cc Petrol, inlet-over-exhaust: Series I engine, carried over for the first few months of Series II production.
* 2,052 cc Diesel, overhead-valve: Land Rover's first diesel engine, and one of the first small high-speed diesels produced in the UK. It appeared in 1957, and was used in Series II production until 1961. Looks almost identical to the later 2,286 cc engine, but many internal differences. It produced {{convert|51|bhp|abbr=on}}.
* 2,286 cc Petrol, overhead-valve, three-bearing crank:
* 2,286 cc Diesel, overhead-valve, three-bearing crank: Appeared in 1961 alongside the redesigned 2,286 cc petrol engine at the start of Series IIA production, and shared its cylinder block and some other components. It produced {{convert|62|bhp|abbr=on}}.
* 2,625 cc Petrol, inlet-over-exhaust: Borrowed from the Rover saloon range, in response to demands from mid-1960s Land Rover users for more power and torque.
* 2,286 cc petrol/diesel, overhead-valve type 11J: five-bearing crank: In 1980, Land Rover finally did something about the crank failures which had plagued its four-cylinder engines for 22 years. These engines lasted beyond the end of Series III production and into the first couple of years of the new Ninety and One Ten ranges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.glencoyne.co.uk/enghist.htm|title=Land Rover, Range Rover engine history - by Glencoyne Engineering|website=www.glencoyne.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217080532/http://www.glencoyne.co.uk/enghist.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 3,258 cc V8 Petrol: The ex-Buick all alloy V8 engine appeared in the Range Rover right from the start of production in 1970, but did not make its way into the company's utility vehicles until 1979.
* 2,495 cc petrol, overhead valve: The final development of Land Rover's ohv petrol 'four', with hardened valve seats which allow running on unleaded (or LPG).
* 2,495 cc diesel, overhead valve, type 12J: Land Rover reworked the old 'two and a quarter' diesel for the 1980s. The injection pump was driven off a toothed belt at the front of the engine (together with the camshaft), a change compared with the older diesels.
* 2,495 cc turbodiesel, overhead valve, type 19J
* 2,495 cc turbodiesel, overhead valve, 200TDi and 300TDi: Used in the Defender and Discovery from 1990. The cylinder block was similar to the previous engine, although strengthened but the cylinder head was all-new and a direct injection fuel system was used.
* 2,495 cc turbodiesel, five-cylinder, TD5: An all-new engine for the second generation Discovery, and the Defender featuring electronic control of the fuel injection system, '[[drive by wire]]' throttle, and other refinements
* The original Freelander models were available with various [[Rover K engine|Rover K-series engines]].
* In beginning of 2015 they start to use the all new [[Ingenium engine family]], to replaced Ford sourced engines.

{{As of|August 2012}}, most Land Rovers in production are powered by Ford engines.<ref name="NYT-454888">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/31/business/global/tata-motors-finds-success-in-jaguar-land-rover.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& |title=Tata Motors Finds Success in Jaguar Land Rover |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=30 August 2012 |location=[[New York, NY|New York]] |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=19 June 2014 |first=Vikas |last=Bajaj |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619143634/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/31/business/global/tata-motors-finds-success-in-jaguar-land-rover.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& |archive-date=19 June 2014 |url-status=live |others=Photo credit:Prashanth Vishwanathan for The New York Times }}</ref> Under the terms of the acquisition, Tata has the right to buy engines from Ford until 2019.<ref name="BloombergNews-618828">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-10/tata-s-jaguar-land-rover-asks-ford-for-more-engines-after-sales-surge-59-.html |title=Tata's Jaguar Land Rover Asks Ford for More Engines |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=11 August 2010 |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |location=[[New York, NY]] |access-date=19 June 2014 |first1=Vipin V. |last1=Nair |first2=Siddharth |last2=Philip |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619144006/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-10/tata-s-jaguar-land-rover-asks-ford-for-more-engines-after-sales-surge-59-.html |archive-date=19 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Electric vehicles ==
Integrated Electric Rear Axle Drive (ERAD) technology, dubbed e-terrain technology,<ref name="worldcarfans.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/9080722.009/land-rover-announces-diesel-erad-hybrid--e_terrain-technologies |first=Viknesh |last=Vijayenthiran |title=Land Rover Announces Diesel ERAD Hybrid & e_Terrain Technologies |publisher=Worldcarfans |date=22 July 2008 |access-date=10 March 2011 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219072744/http://www.worldcarfans.com/9080722.009/land-rover-announces-diesel-erad-hybrid--e_terrain-technologies |url-status=live }}</ref> will allow the vehicle to [[wikt:move off|move off]] without starting the engine as well as supplying extra power over tough terrain.<ref name="worldcarfans.com" /> Land Rover's Diesel ERAD Hybrid was developed as part of a multimillion-pound project supported by the UK Government's [[Energy Saving Trust]], under the [[low carbon]] research and development programme. ERAD programme is one of a broad range of sustainability-focused engineering programmes that Land Rover is pursuing, brought together by the company under the collective name "e TERRAIN Technologies".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roversnorth.com/weblog/?p=42|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225014143/http://www.roversnorth.com/weblog/?p=42 |archive-date=25 December 2008 |title=Factory News |publisher=Roversnorth.com |access-date=19 June 2009}}</ref>

Land Rover presented at the 2008 [[London Motor Show]] its new ERAD [[diesel–electric powertrain|diesel–electric]] hybrid in a pair of [[Land Rover Freelander|Freelander 2]] (LR2) prototypes. The new hybrid system is being designed as a scalable and modular system that could be applied across a variety of Land Rover models and powertrains.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motorauthority.com/land-rover-presents-erad-diesel-hybrid-prototypes.html |title=Land Rover presents ERAD diesel-hybrid prototypes |publisher=MotorAuthority |date=22 July 2008 |access-date=19 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618135216/http://www.motorauthority.com/land-rover-presents-erad-diesel-hybrid-prototypes.html |archive-date=18 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Land Rover unveiled the [[Land Rover LRX|LRX hybrid concept]] at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, for it to be going into production.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cubiccapacity.com/land-rover-working-diesel-erad-hybrid-and-e_terrain-technologies/ |title=Land Rover Working on Diesel Erad Hybrid And E_Terrain Technologies |publisher=cubi[CC]apacity |access-date=10 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708212642/http://www.cubiccapacity.com/land-rover-working-diesel-erad-hybrid-and-e_terrain-technologies/ |archive-date=8 July 2011}}</ref> An ERAD will enable the car to run on electric power at speeds below {{convert|20|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/content/view/full/20388/resources |title=Land Rover unveils eco-car |publisher=Energy Saving Trust |access-date=19 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716153118/http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/content/view/full/20388/resources |archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref>

In September 2011, the [[Range Rover Evoque]] was launched, though it was based on the [[Land Rover LRX|LRX hybrid concept]] presented at the 2008 North American International Auto Show, it did not include the ERAD system, included in the original concept.

In February 2013, Land Rover unveiled<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.landrover.com/au/en/lr/about-land-rover/news-overview/electric-defender/ |title=Land Rover Unveils Electric Defender Research Vehicle |publisher=Land Rover Australia |date=28 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527102524/http://www.landrover.com/au/en/lr/about-land-rover/news-overview/electric-defender/ |archive-date=27 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.salon-auto.ch/en/premieres/land-rover-defender-110-sw-se-land-rover-0-29478 |title=Land Rover Defender 110 SW SE |publisher=Geneva Motor Show 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305103857/http://www.salon-auto.ch/en/premieres/land-rover-defender-110-sw-se-land-rover-0-29478 |archive-date=5 March 2013}}</ref> at the 83rd [[Geneva Motor Show]] an [[All Terrain Vehicle|All-Terrain]] [[Electric Vehicle|Electric]] [[Land Rover Defender|Defender]] that produces zero emissions. The electric vehicle was developed for research purposes following successful trials of the Defender-based electric vehicle, [[Land Rover Leopard 1|Leopard 1]]. The vehicle is capable of producing 70{{nbsp}}[[kW]] and 330{{nbsp}}[[Newton metre|Nm]] of [[torque]] and has a range of 80 kilometres or in low speed off-road use it can last for up to eight hours before recharging.

== Abilities ==
[[File:Land-Rover.JPG|thumb|Land-Rovers at [[AgQuip]], [[Gunnedah, New South Wales|Gunnedah]], Australia]]
[[Power take-off]] (PTO) was integral to the Land Rover concept from 1948, enabling farm machinery and many other items to be run with the vehicle stationary. Maurice Wilks' original instruction was "...to have power take-offs everywhere!" The 1949 report by British National Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Scottish Machinery Testing Station contained this description: "the power take-off is driven through a [[Hardy Spicer]] propeller shaft from the main gearbox output and two interchangeable pinions giving two ratios. 

The PTO gearbox casing is bolted to the rear chassis cross-member and an {{convert|8|x|8|in}} belt pulley driven from the PTO shaft through two bevel gears can be bolted to the PTO gearbox casing." PTOs remained regular options on Series I, II and III Land Rovers up to the demise of the Series Land Rover in 1985. An agricultural PTO on a Defender is possible as a special order.

Land Rovers (the [[Land Rover Defender|Series/Defender models]]) are available in a variety of body styles, from a simple canvas-topped pick-up truck to a twelve-seat fully trimmed [[station wagon]]. Both Land Rover and out-of-house contractors have offered conversions and adaptations to the basic vehicle, such as [[fire engine]]s, [[excavator]]s, [[Elevating platform|'cherry picker' hydraulic platforms]], ambulances, [[snowplough]]s, and six-wheel-drive versions, as well as one-off special builds including [[Amphibious vehicle|amphibious]] Land Rovers and vehicles fitted with tracks instead of wheels.

=== Military use ===
[[File:Commandeered British Land Rover Pyongyang.jpg|thumb|British Land Rover near [[Pyongyang]], November 1950, during the [[Korean War]]]]
[[File:1st Armoured Division Land Rover.jpg|thumb|A mired Land Rover of the [[1st (United Kingdom) Division|1st Armoured Division]] being extracted during the [[Gulf War]]]]
[[File:106mm land rover.JPG|thumb|Ex-[[Australian Army]] [[Land Rover Series|Land Rover Series 2]] "[[Technical (vehicle)|gunbuggy]]", with an [[M40 recoilless rifle]] used in the anti-tank role, at the [[Australian War Memorial]]]]
[[File:Bermuda Regiment IS Training.jpg|thumb|Defenders of the [[Bermuda Regiment]], 1994]]
[[File:2june 2007 087e.jpg|thumb|Land Rovers on parade with the [[Italian Army]], [[Marina Militare|Navy]] and [[Aeronautica Militare|Air Force]], June 2007]]
Various Land Rover models have been used in a military capacity, most notably by the [[British Army]] and [[Australian Army]]. Modifications may include military "blackout" lights, heavy-duty suspension, uprated brakes, 24&nbsp;volt electrics, convoy lights, electronic suppression of the ignition system, blackout curtains and mounts for special equipment and small arms. Dedicated military models have been produced such as the [[Land Rover 101 Forward Control|101 Forward Control]] and the air-portable [[Land Rover 1/2 ton Lightweight|1/2&nbsp;ton Lightweight]]. Military uses include light utility vehicle; communications platform; weapon platform for [[recoilless rifle]]s, [[Anti-tank]] (e.g. [[BGM-71 TOW|TOW]] or [[M40 recoilless rifle]]) / [[Surface-to-air missile|Surface-to-Air]] Guided Weapons or machine guns; ambulances and workshops. The Discovery has also been used in small numbers, mostly as liaison vehicles.

Two models that have been designed for military use from the ground up are the 101 Forward Control from the early 1970s and the Lightweight or Airportable from the late 1960s. The latter was intended to be transported under a helicopter. The [[Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service (United Kingdom)|Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service]] (RAFMRS) teams were early users in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and their convoys of Land Rovers and larger military trucks are a sight often seen in the mountain areas of the United Kingdom. Originally RAFMRS Land Rovers had blue bodies and bright yellow tops, to be better seen from above. In 1981, the colour scheme was changed to green with yellow stripes. More recently, vehicles have been painted white, and are issued with fittings similar to civilian UK [[Mountain Rescue]] teams.

{{Anchor|Pink Panther}}
An adaptation of Land Rovers to military purposes is the "Pink Panther" models. Approximately 100 Series IIA models were adapted to [[reconnaissance]] use by British special operations forces the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]. For desert use they were often painted pink, hence the name. The vehicles were fitted with among other gear a [[Solar compass|sun compass]], machine guns, larger fuel tanks and smoke dischargers. Similar adaptations were later made to Series IIIs and 90/110/Defenders.<ref name="LMS">Bob Morrison: ''Land Rovers in military service'', Brooklands Books 1993, {{ISBN|1-85520-205-0}}</ref>

The Australian Army adapted the [[Land Rover Series]] 2 into the [[Long Range Patrol Vehicle]] for use by the [[Special Air Service Regiment (Australia)|Special Air Service Regiment]] and as an anti-tank "gunbuggy" fitted with an [[M40 recoilless rifle]].

The [[75th Ranger Regiment]] of the [[United States Army]] also adapted twelve versions of the Land Rover that were officially designated the [[Ranger Special Operations Vehicle]].

Series and Defender models have also been armoured. The most widespread of these is the [[Shorland armoured car|Shorts Shorland]], built by [[Shorts Brothers]] of [[Belfast]]. The first of these were delivered in 1965 to the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]], the Northern Ireland police force. They were originally {{convert|109|in|mm|adj=on}} wheelbase models with an armoured body and a turret from the [[Ferret armoured car]]. By 1990, there had been more than 1,000 produced.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shorlandsite.com/ |title=The Shorland Site |publisher=Clive Elliott |access-date=29 December 2012 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105030450/http://www.shorlandsite.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 1970s, a more conventional armoured Land Rover was built for the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Wales called the Hotspur. The [[Land Rover Tangi]] was built by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own vehicle engineering team during the 1990s. The British Army has used various armoured Land Rovers, first in Northern Ireland but also in more recent campaigns. They first added protective panels to Series General Service vehicles, the Vehicle Protection Kit (VPK). 

Later they procured the Glover Webb APV and finally the Courtaulds (later NP Aerospace) Composite Armoured Vehicle, commonly known as [[SNATCH Land Rover|Snatch]]. These were originally based on heavy-duty V8 110 chassis but some have recently been re-mounted on new chassis from [[Otokar]] of Turkey and fitted with diesel engines and air-conditioning for Iraq. Although these now have more in common with the [[Land Rover Wolf|'Wolf']] (Defender XD) Land Rovers that many mistakenly confuse them with, the Snatch and the Wolf are different vehicles.

The most radical conversion of a Land Rover for military purposes was the Centaur [[half-track]]. It was based on a Series III with a V8 engine and a shortened belt drive from the [[Alvis Scorpion]] light [[tank]]. A small number was manufactured, and they were used by Ghana, among others.

The Land Rover is used by military forces throughout the world. The current generation of Land Rover used by British Army, the Snatch 2, have upgraded and strengthened chassis and suspension compared to civilian-specification vehicles. There is also the Land Rover WMIK (weapon mounted installation kit) used by British Army. The WMIK consists of a driver, a raised gun, usually a Browning heavy machine gun or a grenade machine gun, this used for ground support, and a GPMG (general-purpose machine gunner) located next to the driver, this used for vehicle protection.

=== Competitive use ===
Highly modified Land Rovers have competed in the [[Dakar Rally]] and won the [[Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge|Macmillan  –  UK Challenge]] almost every year, as well as having been the vehicle used for the [[Camel Trophy]]. Now, Land Rover has its own [[Land Rover G4 Challenge|G4 challenge]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.landroverg4challenge.com |title=Land Rover International – Latest News – Corporate News |publisher=Landroverg4challenge.com |date=11 March 2009 |access-date=19 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080218181606/http://www.landroverg4challenge.com/ |archive-date=18 February 2008}}</ref>

== Driver training ==
Land Rover Experience was established in 1990, and consists of a network of centres throughout the world, set up to help customers get the most out of their vehicles' on and off-road capability. The flagship centres are Land Rover's bases at Solihull, Eastnor, Gaydon and Halewood. Courses offered include off-road driving, winching and trailer handling, along with a variety of corporate and individual 'Adventure Days'. The factory centres at Solihull and Halewood have manufacturing tours, while Gaydon has an engineering tour.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

== Safety ==
{{update|section|date=September 2024}}
Model-by-model road accident statistics from the UK [[Department for Transport]] published in 2006 showed that the [[Land Rover Defender]] was one of the safest cars on British roads as measured by chance of death in two-car injury accidents.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/vehicles/carsmmrisk/carsmakeandmodeltheriskofdri1800 | title= Cars: make and model: the risk of driver injury in GB: 2000–2004 | publisher=Department for Transport | date= 12 October 2006 | access-date= 28 July 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080613172011/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/vehicles/carsmmrisk/carsmakeandmodeltheriskofdri1800| archive-date = 13 June 2008}}</ref> The figures, which were based on data collected by police forces following accidents between 2000 and 2004 in Great Britain, showed that Defender drivers had a 1% chance of being killed or seriously injured and a 33% chance of sustaining any kind of injury. Other four-wheel-drive vehicles scored equally highly, and collectively these vehicles were much safer for their passengers than those in other classes such as passenger cars and MPVs. These figures reflect the fact that drivers of large mass vehicles are likely to be safer, [[Criticism of sport utility vehicles#Risk to other road users|often at the expense of other drivers]] if they collide with smaller cars.

== Clubs ==
The original Land Rover Owners Club was set up by the Rover Company in 1954. The company published the ''Land Rover Owners Club Review'' magazine for members from 1957 to 1968 when the club became the Rover Owners Association. This original association fell away when the company merged with British Leyland.

There are many Land Rover clubs throughout the UK and internationally. Land Rover clubs break down into a number of groups of varying interests.

Single Marque Clubs – Bring together owners of a specific model or series of vehicle such as the Land Rover Series One Club,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lrsoc.com/ |title=Land Rover Series One Club website |publisher=lrsoc.com |access-date=3 August 2011 |archive-date=26 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726144536/http://www.lrsoc.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> or the Discovery Owners Club.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discoveryownersclub.org/ |title=Discovery Owners' Club website |publisher=Discoveryownersclub.org |access-date=15 July 2010 |archive-date=7 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107151735/http://www.discoveryownersclub.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Single marque clubs have a global membership.

Special Vehicle Clubs – At various times Land Rover have produced vehicles for specific events or on a specific theme, most notable are the [[Camel Trophy]] and G4 Challenge vehicles which have been sold on to the general public, and a range of Defenders that were loosely based on the custom vehicles produced for the Tomb Raider motion picture.

Regional Clubs in the UK break down into two groups, competitive and non-competitive. The non-competitive clubs activities generally relate to social events, off-road driving or [[green laning]] on un-surfaced public highways or 'pay and play' days at off-road centres. Competitive clubs are a phenomenon almost exclusively found within the UK, who as well as the non-competitive activities detailed above run competitive events such as Tyro, Road Taxed Vehicle (RTV) and Cross Country Vehicle (CCV) trials, winch and recovery challenges or speed events such as Competitive Safaries. All UK competitive events are run within the framework of rules created by the [[Motor Sports Association]] (MSA) with further vehicle specific rules applied by the host club or association. Outside of the UK regional clubs are independent and mostly non-competitive.

A number of clubs are affiliated to the Association of Land Rover Clubs (ALRC);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alrc.co.uk/ |title=Association of Land Rover Clubs website |publisher=Alrc.co.uk |access-date=15 July 2010 |archive-date=22 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822174022/http://www.alrc.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> formerly known as the Association of Rover Clubs (ARC) the association applies its own vehicle regulations to all of its member clubs who have the opportunity to compete together at regional events and an annual national event with vehicles approved to the same standard. In recent years some non-competitive clubs have dropped their affiliation fifth ALRC. Few clubs outside of the UK are affiliated with ALRC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alrc.co.uk/member_clubs.htm |title=Association of Land Rover Clubs Member Clubs |publisher=Alrc.co.uk |access-date=2 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102162057/http://www.alrc.co.uk/member_clubs.htm |archive-date=2 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other than ALRC and the short lived Association of North American Rover Clubs (ANARC), which was created 1998 to celebrate Land Rover's 50th anniversary and disbanded in 2001, other groups of Land Rover clubs have affiliated with each other.

Land Rover owners were also early adopters of virtual clubs that are entirely based online. Bill Caloccia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philbincomeaufh.com/book-of-memories/1960168/Caloccia-William/obituary.php |title=Obituary for William Caloccia |date=8 October 2014 |website=Philbin-Comeau Funeral Home |access-date=21 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701080659/http://www.philbincomeaufh.com/book-of-memories/1960168/Caloccia-William/obituary.php |archive-date=1 July 2017}}</ref> created the original Land Rover Owner<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.land-rover.team.net/mailman/listinfo/ |title=www.land-rover.team.net Mailing Lists |publisher=land-rover.team.net |access-date=2 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102161511/http://www.land-rover.team.net/mailman/listinfo/ |archive-date=2 November 2014}}</ref> email list (LRO) as single marque offshoot of the British Cars email list in May 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fourfold.org/RoverWeb/lro/Year-1990/9005.03|title=www.fourfold.org/RoverWeb/lro/Year-1990/9005.03|publisher=fourfold.org|access-date=2 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232510/http://www.fourfold.org/RoverWeb/lro/Year-1990/9005.03|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> Bill later created email lists in the mid-1990s for Range Rovers (RRO) and various regions (e.g., UK-LRO, AU-LRO, ZA-LRO, EU-LRO, IT-LRO, NL-LRO). In California members of the LRO list created mendo_recce in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fourfold.org/mendo_recce/|title=Mendo_Recce Email list aka the Lazy Buggers|publisher=fourfold.org|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-date=2 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102163903/http://www.fourfold.org/mendo_recce/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005, under Ford ownership, Land Rover became more interested in the club environment. An internal club was formed, The Land Rover Club,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.landroversclub.org |title=Land Rover Club website |publisher=Landroversclub.org |access-date=15 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521044806/http://landroversclub.org/ |archive-date=21 May 2010}}</ref> exclusive to employees of Ford's [[Premier Automotive Group]] (Now exclusive to the new 'Jaguar – Land Rover' group since the brand moved away from the Ford stable). Also, an agreement was generated to allow other clubs to use the Land Rover green oval logo under licence. In 2006, the Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire club were the pilot licensees for the new agreement, who now benefit from a reciprocal arrangement where their own logo is trade marked<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tm/t-find/t-find-number?detailsrequested=C&trademark=2402968 |title=IPO UK |publisher=Ipo.gov.uk |access-date=15 July 2010 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222053122/https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/cdn-cgi/styles/challenges.css |url-status=live }}</ref> and owned by Land Rover and they can refer to themselves as a 'Land Rover Approved Club'.

== Brand extensions ==
=== Bicycles ===
In 1995, Land Rover endorsed the production of a hand-made bicycle using its logo. The bicycle, called the Land Rover APB and manufactured by [[Pashley Cycles]] of Stratford-upon-Avon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Landrover Bikes|url=http://www.formbycycles.co.uk/landrover-bikes|website=Formbycycles|access-date=24 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117215647/http://www.formbycycles.co.uk/landrover-bikes|archive-date=17 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> was the collapsible version of Pashley Cycles' [[Moulton Bicycle|Moulton]] APB (All Purpose Bicycle) model, with leading link front suspension and adjustable damping and stroke. Two more models immediately followed: the Land Rover XCB V-20, aimed primarily at younger riders (children); and the Land Rover XCB D-26, also available as the M26 with hydraulic rim brakes, front suspension and suspension seat pillar.

In June 2004, Land Rover released a comprehensive 25 model range of bicycles. The three main ranges are the "Defender", the "Discovery", and the "Freelander", each with different attributes. The "Discovery" is an all-rounder bicycle suited to a variety of terrains, "Defender" is most suited to rugged [[terrain]] and off-road pursuits, whereas the "Freelander" is designed for an urban lifestyle. All bikes are made from lightweight aluminium.

In 2010 the range was relaunched in conjunction with British manufacturer 2x2.<ref>{{cite web|title=First look: Land Rover 2010 mountain bikes|url=http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/first-look-land-rover-2010-mountain-bikes-24435/|website=Bike Radar|access-date=24 November 2014|date=24 December 2009|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043540/http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/first-look-land-rover-2010-mountain-bikes-24435/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Coffee ===
Land Rover has had its name associated with coffee since 2005, when the Land Rover Coffee company was established.<ref>{{cite web|title=Land Rover Coffee – the journey|url=http://www.landrovercoffee.com/about/today.html|publisher=Land Rover Coffee|access-date=16 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052753/http://www.landrovercoffee.com/about/today.html|archive-date=26 April 2012}}</ref>

=== Pushchairs ===
Land Rover gave UK [[Pushchair#Modern designs|pram]] company Pegasus a licence to produce a three-wheeler range of Land Rover ATP [[Pushchair#Modern designs|pushchairs]]. The design reflected the heritage of the marque, with a light metal frame with canvas seating, held together with push-studs and tough simple parts like brakes and hinges. They could be collapsed completely flat, with wheels removed in seconds. The basic frame could be adapted with modules to allow a baby to lie flat or a bubble windscreen to completely enclose the child. The frame also came in long or short-handled versions, and could be repaired with home tools. The design was simple, light, and rugged and able to travel in all terrains (hence the ATP for all-terrain pushchair.) It came in three military looking colours: a light blue, a sand colour and olive drab. Production was discontinued in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.landroverpushchairs.co.uk/acatalog/index.html |title=Land Rover Pushchairs Online |publisher=Landroverpushchairs.co.uk |access-date=15 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827234208/http://www.landroverpushchairs.co.uk/acatalog/index.html |archive-date=27 August 2010}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikibooks|Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)|Land Rover/VIN Codes|Land Rover VIN codes}}
*{{official|https://www.landrover.com|Official website for Jaguar Land Rover's Land Rover marque}}

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