Editing Lamiaceae

{{Short description|Family of flowering plants}}
{{redirect|Mint family|the genus in this family known as "mint"|Mentha}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=3}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Lamium purpureum jamestown1.jpg 
|image_caption = ''[[Lamium purpureum]]'' [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|taxon = Lamiaceae
|authority = [[Ivan Ivanovich Martynov|Martinov]]<ref name=MOBOT>{{cite web |last=Stevens |first=P. F. |title=Lamiales (Lamiaceae Family) |publisher=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=https://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiaceae |issue=Version 12 |date=July 2012 |access-date=25 March 2015 |archive-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321062734/http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiaceae |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|type_genus = ''[[Lamium]]''
|type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = [[Genera]]
|subdivision = {{hatnote|See {{section link||Genera}}}}
}}

The '''Lamiaceae''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|eɪ|m|i|ˈ|eɪ|s|i|.|iː|,_|-|ˌ|aɪ}} {{respell|LAY|mee|AY|see|ee|,_|-|eye}})<ref>{{cite web |url=https://howjsay.com/index.php?word=lamiaceae |title=Pronunciation of lamiaceae |access-date=2014-11-25 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031453/http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=lamiaceae |url-status=live}}</ref>
or '''Labiatae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s commonly known as the '''mint''', '''deadnettle''', or '''sage''' family. Many of the plants are [[aroma]]tic in all parts and include widely used culinary [[herb]]s like [[basil (herb)|basil]], [[mentha|mint]], [[rosemary]], [[Salvia officinalis|sage]], [[savory (herb)|savory]], [[marjoram]], [[oregano]], [[Hyssopus officinalis|hyssop]], [[thyme]], [[lavender]], and [[perilla]], as well as other medicinal herbs such as [[catnip]], [[Salvia divinorum|salvia]], [[Monarda|bee balm]], [[Leonotis leonurus|wild dagga]], and [[Leonurus japonicus|oriental motherwort]].

Some species are [[shrub]]s, [[tree]]s (such as [[teak]]), or, rarely, [[vine]]s.  Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage. Others are grown for seed, such as ''[[Salvia hispanica]]'' (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as ''[[Plectranthus edulis]]'', ''[[Plectranthus esculentus|P.&nbsp;esculentus]]'', ''[[Plectranthus rotundifolius|P.&nbsp;rotundifolius]]'', and ''[[Stachys affinis]]'' (Chinese artichoke). Many are also grown ornamentally, notably [[Coleus scutellarioides|coleus]], ''[[Plectranthus]]'', and many ''[[Salvia]]'' species and hybrids.

The family has a [[cosmopolitan distribution]].<ref name="heywood2007">{{cite book |first1=Vernon H. |last1=Heywood |first2=Richard K. |last2=Brummitt |first3=Ole |last3=Seberg |first4=Alastair |last4=Culham |title=Flowering Plant Families of the World |publisher=Firefly Books |location=Ontario, Canada |isbn=978-1-55407-206-4 |year=2007}}</ref> The enlarged Lamiaceae contain about 236 [[genera]]<ref name="harley2004"/> and have been stated to contain 6,900<ref name="heywood2007"/> to 7,200<ref name="harley2004"/> [[species]], but the World Checklist lists 7,534.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apps.kew.org/wcsp/incfamilies.do |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2017-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709174200/http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/incfamilies.do |url-status=live }}</ref> The largest genera are ''Salvia'' (900), ''Scutellaria'' (360), ''Stachys'' (300), ''Plectranthus'' (300), ''Hyptis'' (280), ''Teucrium'' (250), ''Vitex'' (250), ''Thymus'' (220), and ''Nepeta'' (200).<ref name="harley2004"/> ''Clerodendrum'' was once a genus of over 400 species,<ref name="harley2004"/> but by 2010, it had been narrowed to about 150.<ref name="yuan2010">{{cite journal |first1=Yao-Wu |last1=Yuan |first2=David J. |last2=Mabberley |first3=Dorothy A. |last3=Steane |first4=Richard G. |last4=Olmstead |year=2010 |title=Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendrum'' (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy |journal=Taxon |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=125–133|doi=10.1002/tax.591013 |bibcode=2010Taxon..59..125Y }}</ref>

The family has traditionally been considered closely related to the [[Verbenaceae]];<ref name="harley2004">Harley RM, Atkins A, Budantsev AL, et al. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. {{ISBN|978-3-540-40593-1}}</ref>  in the 1990s, [[phylogenetic]] studies suggested that many genera [[Biological classification|classified]] in the Verbenaceae should be classified in the Lamiaceae<ref name=Cantino>Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). ''Advances in Labiate Science.'' Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref name="wagstaff1998">{{cite journal |first1=Steven J. |last1=Wagstaff |first2=Laura |last2=Hickerson |first3=Russ |last3=Spangler |first4=Patrick A. |last4=Reeves |first5=Richard G. |last5=Olmstead |year=1998 |title=Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=209 |issue=3–4 |pages=265–274 |doi=10.1007/bf00985232|bibcode=1998PSyEv.209..265W |s2cid=601658 }}</ref> or to other families in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Lamiales]].<ref name=MOBOT />

The alternative family name Labiatae refers to the flowers typically having petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip (''{{lang|la|labia}}'' in Latin). Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name, most botanists now use the name Lamiaceae in referring to this family. The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with five united [[petal]]s and five united [[sepal]]s. They are usually [[Plant sexuality|bisexual]] and verticillastrate (a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers, but actually consists of two crowded clusters). The [[leaves]] emerge oppositely, each pair at right angles to the previous one (decussate) or whorled. The stems are frequently square in cross section,<ref>Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. ''Webb's An Irish Flora''. Cork University Press {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref> but this is not found in all members of the family, and is sometimes found in other plant families.

== Genera ==

The last revision of the entire family was published in 2004.<ref name="harley2004"/> It described and provided [[Identification key|keys]] to 236 genera. These are marked with an asterisk (*) in the list below. A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004. These are marked with a plus sign (+). Other genera have been synonymised. These are marked with a minus sign (-). The remaining genera in the list are mostly of historical interest only and are from a source that includes such genera without explanation.<ref name="grin">"List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "List of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see ''External links'' below)</ref> Few of these are recognized in modern treatments of the family.

[[Kew Gardens]] provides a list of genera that includes additional information.<ref name="kewlamiaceaelist">List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of ''Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew''. (see ''External Links'' below).</ref> A list at the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]] is frequently updated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/genera/lamiaceaegen.html |title=APG list of Lamiaceae genera |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131084023/http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/genera/lamiaceaegen.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' currently accepts 227 genera.<ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000097-2 Lamiaceae Martinov]. ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</ref>

{{Columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* *''[[Acanthomintha]]'' {{small|(A.Gray) A.Gray}}
* ''[[Acanthoprasium]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Spach}}
* *''[[Achyrospermum]]'' {{small|Blume}}
* ''Acinos'' {{small|Mill.}}, synonym of ''[[Clinopodium]]''
* ''Acrocephalus'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''[[Platostoma]]''
* *''[[Acrotome]]'' {{small|Benth. ex Endl.}}
* *''[[Acrymia]]'' {{small|Prain}}
* ''Adelosa'' {{small|Blume}}, synonym of ''[[Clerodendrum]]''
* *''[[Aegiphila]]'' {{small|Jacq.}}
* *''[[Aeollanthus]]'' {{small|C.Mart. ex Spreng.}}
* *''[[Agastache]]'' {{small|Clayton ex Gronov.}}
* *''[[Ajuga]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Ajugoides]]'' {{small|Makino}}
* *''Alajja'' {{small|Ikonn.}}, synonym of ''[[Eriophyton]]''
* *''[[Alvesia]]'' {{small|Welw.}}
* *''[[Amasonia]]'' {{small|L.f.}}
* *''[[Amethystea]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Anisochilus]]'' {{small|Wall. ex Benth.}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* ''[[Apatelantha]]'' {{small|T.C.Wilson & Henwood}}
* *''[[Anisomeles]]'' {{small|R.Br.}}
* *''[[Asterohyptis]]'' {{small|Epling}}
* *''[[Ballota]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Basilicum]]'' {{small|Moench}}
* ''Becium'' {{small|Lindl.}}, synonym of ''[[Ocimum]]''
* *''[[Benguellia]]'' {{small|G.Taylor}}
* ''[[Betonica]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Blephilia]]'' {{small|(L.) Raf.}}
* *''Bostrychanthera'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''[[Chelonopsis]]''
* ''Bovonia'' {{small|Chiov.}}, synonym of ''[[Aeollanthus]]''
* *''[[Brachysola]]'' {{small|Rye}}
* *''[[Brazoria (plant)|Brazoria]]'' {{small|Engelm. & A.Gray}}
* *''[[Bystropogon]]'' {{small|L'Hér.}}
* ''Calamintha'' {{small|L.}}, synonym of ''[[Clinopodium]]''
* *''[[Callicarpa]]'' {{small|L.}}
* ''[[Cantinoa]]'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}}
* *''[[Capitanopsis]]'' {{small|S.Moore}}
* ''Capitanya'' {{small|Schweinf. ex Gürke}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* *''[[Caryopteris]]'' {{small|Bunge}}
* *''[[Catoferia]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Benth.}}
* *''[[Cedronella]]'' {{small|Moench}}
* ''Ceratanthus'' {{small|F.Muell. ex G.Taylor}}, synonym of ''[[Platostoma]]''
* *''[[Chaiturus]]'' {{small|Ehrh. ex Willd.}} 
* *''[[Chamaesphacos]]'' {{small|Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}
* *''Chaunostoma'' {{small|Donn.Sm.}}, synonym of ''[[Lepechinia]]''
* *''[[Chelonopsis]]'' {{small|Miq.}}
* *''[[Chloanthes]]'' {{small|R.Br.}}
* *''[[Cleonia]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Clerodendrum]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Clinopodium]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Colebrookea]]'' {{small|Sm.}}
* ''[[Coleus]]'' {{small|Lour.}}
* *''[[Collinsonia]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Colquhounia]]'' {{small|Wall.}}
* *''[[Comanthosphace]]'' {{small|S.Moore}}
* ''[[Condea]]'' {{small|Adans.}}
* *''[[Congea]]'' {{small|Roxb.}}
* *''[[Conradina]]'' {{small|A.Gray}}
* ''Coridothymus'' {{small|Rchb.f.}}, synonym of ''[[Thymbra (plant)|Thymbra]]''
* *''[[Cornutia]]'' {{small|Plum. ex L.}}
* *''[[Craniotome (plant)|Craniotome]]'' {{small|Rchb.}}
* *''Cryphia'' {{small|R.Br.}}, synonym of ''[[Prostanthera]]''
* *''[[Cuminia]]'' {{small|Colla}}
* *''[[Cunila]]'' {{small|D.Royen}}
* ''[[Cyanocephalus]]'' {{small|(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}}
* *''[[Cyanostegia]]'' {{small|Turcz.}}
* *''[[Cyclotrichium]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng.}}
* *''[[Cymaria]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* ''[[Dasymalla]]'' {{small|Endl.}}
* *''Dauphinea'' {{small|Hedge}}, synonym of ''[[Capitanopsis]]''
* *''[[Dicerandra]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* *''[[Dicrastylis]]'' {{small|Drumm. ex Harv.}}
* ''[[Discretitheca]]'' {{small|P.D.Cantino}}
* *''[[Dracocephalum]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Drepanocaryum]]'' {{small|Pojark.}}
* *''[[Elsholtzia]]'' {{small|Willd.}}
* *''[[Endostemon]]'' {{small|N.E.Br.}}
* ''Englerastrum'' {{small|Briq.}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* +''[[Eplingiella]]'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}}
* ''[[Equilabium]]'' {{small|Mwany., A.J.Paton & Culham}}
* *''Eremostachys'' {{small|Bunge}}, synonym of ''[[Phlomoides]]''
* *''[[Eriope]]'' {{small|Humb. & Bonpl. ex Benth.}}
* *''[[Eriophyton]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* ''[[Eriopidion]]'' {{small|Harley}}
* *''[[Eriothymus]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Rchb.}}
* ''Erythrochlamys'' {{small|Gürke}}, synonym of ''[[Ocimum]]''
* ''Euhesperida'' {{small|Brullo & Furnari}}, synonym of ''[[Satureja]]''
* *''[[Eurysolen]]'' {{small|Prain}}
* *''[[Faradaya]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}}, synonym of ''[[Oxera]]''
* *''[[Fuerstia]]'' {{small|T.C.E.Fr.}}
* *''[[Galeopsis]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Garrettia]]'' {{small|H.R.Fletcher}}
* ''Geniosporum'' {{small|Wall. ex Benth.}}, synonym of ''[[Platostoma]]''
* *''[[Glechoma]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Glechon]]'' {{small|Spreng.}}
* *''[[Glossocarya]]'' {{small|Wall. ex Griff.}}
* *''[[Gmelina]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Gomphostemma]]'' {{small|Wall. ex Benth.}}
* *''[[Gontscharovia]]'' {{small|Boriss.}}
* ''[[Gymneia]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}}
* *''[[Hanceola]]'' {{small|Kudô}}
* *''[[Haplostachys]]'' {{small|(A.Gray) Hillebr.}}
* *''[[Haumaniastrum]]'' {{small|P.A.Duvign. & Plancke}}
* *''[[Hedeoma]]'' {{small|Pers.}}
* ''[[Heliacria]]'' {{small|Bo Li, C.L.Xiang, T.S.Hoang & Nuraliev}}
* *''[[Hemiandra]]'' {{small|R.Br.}}
* *''[[Hemigenia]]'' {{small|R.Br.}}
* *''[[Hemiphora]]'' {{small|(F.Muell.) F.Muell.}}
* *''Hemizygia'' {{small|(Benth.) Briq.}}, synonym of ''[[Syncolostemon]]''
* *''[[Hesperozygis]]'' {{small|Epling}}
* *''[[Heterolamium]]'' {{small|C.Y.Wu}}
* *''[[Hoehnea]]'' {{small|Epling}}
* *''[[Holmskioldia]]'' {{small|Retz.}}
* *''[[Holocheila]]'' {{small|(Kudô) S.Chow}}
* ''Holostylon'' {{small|Robyns & Lebrun}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* *''[[Horminum]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Hosea (plant)|Hosea]]'' {{small|Ridl.}}
* *''[[Hoslundia]]'' {{small|Vahl}}
* *''Huxleya'' {{small|Ewart}}, synonym of ''[[Volkameria]]''
* *''Hymenocrater'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}, synonym of ''[[Nepeta]]''
* *''[[Hymenopyramis]]'' {{small|Wall. ex Griff.}}
* *''[[Hypenia]]'' {{small|(Mart. ex Benth.) Harley}}
* *''[[Hypogomphia]]'' {{small|Bunge}}
* *''[[Hyptidendron]]'' {{small|Harley}}
* *''[[Hyptis]]'' {{small|Jacq.}}
* *''[[Hyssopus (plant)|Hyssopus]]'' {{small|L.}}, synonym of ''[[Dracocephalum]]''
* ''Isodictyophorus'' {{small|Briq.}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* *''[[Isodon]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Schrad. ex Spach}}
* *''[[Isoleucas]]'' {{small|O.Schwartz}}
* +''[[Kalaharia (plant)|Kalaharia]]'' {{small|Baill.}}
* *''[[Karomia]]'' {{small|Dop}}
* ''Keiskea'' {{small|Miq.}}, synonym of ''[[Collinsonia]]''
* ''[[Killickia]]'' {{small|Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko}}
* ''[[Kudrjaschevia]]'' {{small|Pojark.}}
* *''[[Kurzamra]]'' {{small|Kuntze}}
* *''[[Lachnostachys]]'' {{small|Hook.}}
* *''[[Lagochilus]]'' {{small|Bunge ex Benth.}}
* *''[[Lagopsis (plant)|Lagopsis]]'' {{small|(Bunge ex Benth.) Bunge}}
* *''[[Lallemantia]]'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}, synonym of ''[[Dracocephalum]]''
* *''Lamiophlomis'' {{small|Kudô}}, synonym of ''[[Phlomoides]]''
* *''[[Lamium]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[lavender|Lavandula]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''Leocus'' {{small|A.Chev.}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* *''[[Leonotis]]'' {{small|(Pers.) R.Br.}}
* *''[[Leonurus]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Lepechinia]]'' {{small|Willd.}}
* ''[[Leptohyptis]]'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}}
* *''[[Leucas]]'' {{small|R.Br.}}
* ''Leucophae'' {{small|Webb & Berthel.}}, synonym of ''[[Sideritis]]''
* *''[[Leucosceptrum]]'' {{small|Sm.}}
* ''Limniboza'' {{small|R.E.Fr.}}, synonym of ''[[Platostoma]]''
* *''Lophanthus'' {{small|Adans.}}, synonym of ''[[Nepeta]]''
* *''[[Loxocalyx]]'' {{small|Hemsl.}}
* *''[[Lycopus]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Macbridea]]'' {{small|Elliott ex Nutt.}}
* *''Madlabium'' {{small|Hedge}}, synonym of ''[[Capitanopsis]]''
* *''Marmoritis'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''[[Nepeta]]''
* *''[[Marrubium]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Marsypianthes]]'' {{small|Mart. ex Benth.}}
* +''[[Martianthus]]'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}}
* *''[[Matsumurella]]'' {{small|Makino}}
* *''[[Meehania]]'' {{small|Britton}}
* *''[[Melissa (plant)|Melissa]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Melittis]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Mentha]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''Meriandra'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''[[Salvia]]''
* ''Mesona'' {{small|Blume}}, synonym of ''[[Platostoma]]''
* ''[[Mesosphaerum]]'' {{small|P.Browne}}
* *''Metastachydium'' {{small|Airy Shaw ex C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li}}, synonym of ''[[Phlomoides]]''
* *''[[Microcorys]]'' {{small|R.Br.}}
* *''[[Micromeria]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* *''[[Microtoena]]'' {{small|Prain}}
* *''[[Minthostachys]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Spach}}
* *''[[Moluccella]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Monarda]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Monardella]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* *''[[Monochilus]]'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}
* *''[[Mosla]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Buch.-Ham. ex Maxim.}}
* ''[[Muniria]]'' {{small|N.Streiber & B.J.Conn}}
* ''Neohyptis'' {{small|J.K.Morton}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* ''Neorapinia'' {{small|Moldenke}}, synonym of ''[[Vitex]]''
* *''[[Nepeta]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Newcastelia]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}}
* ''Nosema'' {{small|Prain}}, synonym of ''[[Platostoma]]''
* *''Notochaete'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''[[Phlomoides]]''
* *''[[Obtegomeria]]'' {{small|Doroszenko & P.D.Cantino}}
* *''[[Ocimum]]'' {{small|L.}}
* ''Octomeron'' {{small|Robyns}}, synonym of ''[[Platostoma]]''
* *''[[Ombrocharis]]'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}}
* *''Oncinocalyx'' {{small|F.Muell.}}, synonym of ''[[Teucrium]]''
* ''[[Oocephalus]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}}
* *''[[Origanum]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Orthosiphon]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* *''[[Otostegia]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* +''[[Ovieda]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Oxera]]'' {{small|Labill.}}
* *''[[Panzerina]]'' {{small|Soják}}
* *''[[Paralamium]]'' {{small|Dunn}}
* *''[[Paraphlomis]]'' {{small|Prain}}
* *''Paravitex'' {{small|H.R.Fletcher}}, synonym of ''[[Vitex]]''
* *''Peltodon'' {{small|Pohl}}, synonym of ''[[Hyptis]]''
* *''[[Pentapleura]]'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}}
* *''[[Perilla]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Perillula]]'' {{small|Maxim.}}
* *''[[Peronema]]'' {{small|Jack}}
* -''Perovskia'' {{small|Kar.}}, synonym of ''[[Salvia]]''
* ''Perrierastrum'' {{small|Guillaumin}}, synonym of ''[[Capitanopsis]]''
* ''[[Petitia]]'' {{small|Jacq.}}
* *''[[Petraeovitex]]'' {{small|Oliv.}}
* *''[[Phlomidoschema]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Vved.}}
* *''[[Phlomis]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Phlomoides]]'' {{small|Moench}}
* *''[[Phyllostegia]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* ''[[Physominthe]]'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}}
* *''[[Physopsis]]'' {{small|Turcz.}}
* *''[[Physostegia]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* *''[[Piloblephis]]'' {{small|Raf.}}
* ''Pitardia'' {{small|Batt. ex Pit.}}, synonym of ''[[Nepeta]]''
* *''[[Pityrodia]]'' {{small|R.Br.}}
* *''[[Platostoma]]'' {{small|P.Beauv.}}
* *''[[Plectranthus]]'' {{small|L.Hér.}}
* *''[[Pogogyne]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* *''[[Pogostemon]]'' {{small|Desf.}}
* *''[[Poliomintha]]'' {{small|A.Gray}}
* *''[[Prasium]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Premna]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Prostanthera]]'' {{small|Labill.}}
* *''[[Prunella (plant)|Prunella]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''Pseuderemostachys'' {{small|Popov}}, synonym of ''[[Phlomoides]]''
* *''[[Pseudocarpidium]]'' {{small|Millsp.}}
* *''[[Pseudocaryopteris]]'' {{small|(Briq.) P.D.Cantino}}
*''[[Pseudochamaesphacos]]'' {{small|Parsa}}
*''[[Pseudodictamnus]]'' {{small|Fabr.}}
* *''Pseudomarrubium'' {{small|Popov}}, synonym of ''[[Phlomoides]]''
* ''Puntia'' {{small|Hedge}}, syononym of ''[[Endostemon]]''
* *''[[Pycnanthemum]]'' {{small|Michx.}}
* *''[[Pycnostachys]]'' {{small|Hook.}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* ''[[Quoya (plant)|Quoya]]'' {{small|Gaudich.}}
* ''Rabdosiella'' {{small|Codd}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* *''[[Renschia]]'' {{small|Vatke}}
* *''[[Rhabdocaulon]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Epling}}
* *''[[Rhaphiodon (plant)|Rhaphiodon]]'' {{small|Schauer}}
* *''[[Rhododon]]'' {{small|Epling}}
* -''[[Rosmarinus]]'' {{small|L.}}, synonym of ''[[Salvia]]''
* *''[[Rostrinucula]]'' {{small|Kudô}}
* *''[[Rotheca]]'' {{small|Raf.}}
* *''[[Roylea]]'' {{small|Wall. ex Benth.}}
* *''[[Rubiteucris]]'' {{small|Kudô}}
* +''[[Rydingia]]'' {{small|Scheen & V.A.Albert}}
* ''Sabaudia'' {{small|Buscal. & Muschl.}}, synonym of ''[[Lavandula]]''
* *''[[Saccocalyx (plant)|Saccocalyx]]'' {{small|Coss. & Durieu}}
* ''Salazaria'' {{small|Torr.}}, synonym of ''[[Scutellaria]]''
* *''[[Salvia]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Satureja]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Schizonepeta]]'' {{small|(Benth.) Briq.}}
* *''[[Schnabelia]]'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}}
* *''[[Scutellaria]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Sideritis]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Siphocranion]]'' {{small|Kudô}}
* ''[[Solenostemon]]'' {{small|Thonn.}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* *''Spartothamnella'' {{small|Briq.}}, synonym of ''[[Teucrium]]''
* *''[[Sphenodesme]]'' {{small|Jack}}
* *''[[Stachydeoma]]'' {{small|Small}}
* *''Stachyopsis'' {{small| Popov & Vved.}}, synonym of ''[[Eriophyton]]''
* *''[[Stachys]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Stenogyne]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* *''Sulaimania'' {{small|Hedge & Rech.f.}}, synonym of ''[[Moluccella]]''
* *''[[Suzukia]]'' {{small|Kudô}}
* *''[[Symphorema]]'' {{small|Roxb.}}
* ''Symphostemon'' {{small|Hiern}}, synonym of ''[[Coleus]]''
* *''[[Synandra]]'' {{small|Nutt.}}
* *''[[Syncolostemon]]'' {{small|E.Mey. ex Benth.}}
* *''[[Tectona]]'' {{small|L.f.}}
* *''[[Teijsmanniodendron]]'' {{small|Koord.}}
* +''[[Tetraclea]]'' {{small|A.Gray}}
* *''[[Tetradenia]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
* *''Teucridium'' {{small|Hook.f.}}, synonym of ''[[Teucrium]]''
* *''[[Teucrium]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Thorncroftia]]'' {{small|N.E.Br.}}
* *''[[Thuspeinanta]]'' {{small|T.Durand}}
* *''[[Thymbra (plant)|Thymbra]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Thymus (plant)|Thymus]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Tinnea]]'' {{small|Kotschy ex Hook.f.}}
* *''[[Trichostema]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Tripora]]'' {{small|P.D.Cantino}}
* *''Tsoongia'' {{small|Merr.}}, synonym of ''[[Vitex]]''
* *''[[Vitex]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''Viticipremna'' {{small|H.J.Lam}}, synonym of ''[[Vitex]]''
* +''[[Volkameria]]'' {{small|L.}}
* *''[[Warnockia]]'' {{small|M.W.Turner}}
* *''[[Wenchengia]]'' {{small|C.Y.Wu & S.Chow}}
* *''[[Westringia]]'' {{small|Sm.}}
* ''Wiedemannia'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}, synonym of ''[[Lamium]]''
* *''Wrixonia'' {{small|F.Muell.}}, synonym of ''[[Prostanthera]]''
* ''Xenopoma'' {{small|Willd.}}, synonym of ''[[Clinopodium]]''
* *''[[Zataria]]'' {{small|Boiss.}}
* *''[[Ziziphora]]'' {{small|L.}}
}}

== Recent changes ==

The [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of several genera has changed since 2004. ''Tsoongia'', ''Paravitex'', and ''Viticipremna'' have been sunk into [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymy]] with ''Vitex''.<ref name="bramley2009">{{cite journal |last1=Bramley |first1=Gemma L.C. |last2=Forest |first2=Félix |last3=Rogier |year=2009 |title=Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of ''Vitex'' and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia |journal=Taxon |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=500–510|doi=10.1002/tax.582014 |bibcode=2009Taxon..58..500B }}</ref> ''Huxleya'' has been sunk into ''Volkameria''.<ref name="yuan2010"/> ''Kalaharia'', ''Volkameria'', ''Ovieda'', and ''Tetraclea'' have been [[Segregate (taxonomy)|segregated]] from a formerly [[polyphyletic]] ''Clerodendrum''.<ref name="yuan2010"/> ''Rydingia'' has been separated from ''Leucas''.<ref name="scheen2007">{{cite journal |last1=Scheen |first1=Anne-Cathrine |last2=Albert |first2=Victor A. |year=2007 |title=Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the ''Leucas'' clade (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae) |journal=Systematics and Geography of Plants |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=229–238 |jstor=20649740 |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nbgb/sgp/2007/00000077/00000002/art00004 }}</ref> The remaining ''Leucas'' is [[paraphyletic]] over four other genera.<ref name="scheen2009">{{cite journal |last1=Scheen |first1=Anne-Cathrine |last2=Albert |first2=Victor A. |year=2009 |title=Molecular Phylogenetics of the ''Leucas'' Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae) |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=173–181 |doi=10.1600/036364409787602366 |bibcode=2009SysBo..34..173S |s2cid=85894904 }}</ref>

== Subfamilies and tribes ==

In 2004, the Lamiaceae were divided into seven [[subfamilies]], plus 10 genera not placed in any of the subfamilies.<ref name="harley2004"/> The [[Incertae sedis|unplaced]] genera are: ''[[Tectona]]'', ''[[Callicarpa]]'', ''[[Hymenopyramis]]'', ''[[Petraeovitex]]'', ''[[Peronema]]'', ''[[Garrettia]]'', ''[[Cymaria]]'', ''[[Acrymia]]'', ''[[Holocheila]]'', and ''[[Ombrocharis]]''. The subfamilies are the [[Symphorematoideae]], [[Viticoideae]], [[Ajugoideae]], [[Prostantheroideae]], [[Nepetoideae]], [[Scutellarioideae]], and [[Lamioideae]]. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not [[monophyletic]].<ref name="bramley2009"/> The Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into [[Tribe (biology)|tribes]]. These are shown in the [[phylogenetic tree]] below.

== Phylogeny ==

Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been [[Sample (material)|sampled]] for [[DNA]] for [[molecular phylogenetic]] studies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Fei |last2=Chen |first2=Ya-Ping |last3=Salmaki |first3=Yasaman |last4=Drew |first4=Bryan T. |last5=Wilson |first5=Trevor C. |last6=Scheen |first6=Anne-Cathrine |last7=Celep |first7=Ferhat |last8=Bräuchler |first8=Christian |last9=Bendiksby |first9=Mika |last10=Wang |first10=Qiang |last11=Min |first11=Dao-Zhang |last12=Peng |first12=Hua |last13=Olmstead |first13=Richard G. |last14=Li |first14=Bo |last15=Xiang |first15=Chun-Lei |title=An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics |journal=BMC Biology |date=8 January 2021 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=2 |doi=10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z |pmid=33419433 |pmc=7796571 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Most of those that have been are included in the following [[phylogenetic tree]]. The [[phylogeny]] depicted below is based on seven different sources.<ref name="harley2004"/><ref name="wagstaff1998"/><ref name="yuan2010"/><ref name="bramley2009"/><ref name="zhong2010">{{cite journal |last1=Zhong |first1=Jin-Shun |last2=Li |first2=Jie |last3=Li |first3=Lang |last4=Conran |first4=John G. |last5=Hsi-wen |first5=Li |year=2010 |title=Phylogeny of ''Isodon'' (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=207–219 |doi=10.1600/036364410790862614|bibcode=2010SysBo..35..207Z |s2cid=54808462 }}</ref><ref name="walker2007">{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Jay B. |last2=Sytsma |first2=Kenneth J. |year=2007 |title=Staminal Evolution in the Genus ''Salvia'' (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=375–391 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcl176 |pmid=16926227 |pmc=2735309}}</ref><ref name="ryding2010">{{cite journal |last1=Ryding |first1=P. Olof |year=2010 |title=Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=285 |issue=3–4 |pages=165–175 |doi=10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9 |bibcode=2010PSyEv.285..165R |s2cid=24076224 }}</ref>

{{Clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:90%
|label1='''Lamiaceae'''
|1={{clade
   |1=''[[Callicarpa]]''
   |2=''[[Tectona]]''
   |label3=[[Viticoideae]] (pro parte)
   |3={{clade
      |1=''[[Gmelina]]''
      |2=''[[Premna]]''
      }}
   |label4=[[Viticoideae]] (pro parte)
   |4=''[[Vitex]]''
   |label5=[[Symphorematoideae]]
   |5={{clade
      |1=''[[Congea]]''
      |2=''[[Symphorema]]''
      }}
   |label6=[[Ajugoideae]]
   |6={{clade
      |1=''[[Rotheca]]''
      |2={{clade
         |1=''[[Teucrium]]''
         |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Ajuga]]''
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=''[[Oxera]]''
                  |2=''[[Faradaya]]''
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Kalaharia (plant)|Kalaharia]]''
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=''[[Clerodendrum]]''
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=''[[Volkameria]]''
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=''[[Ovieda]]''
                           |2=''[[Aegiphila]]''
                           |3=''[[Tetraclea]]''
                           |4=''[[Amasonia]]''
                           }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |label7=[[Prostantheroideae]]
   |7={{clade
      |label1=[[Chloantheae]]
      |1=''[[Chloanthes]]''
      |label2=[[Westringieae]]
      |2={{clade
         |1=''[[Prostanthera]]''
         |2=''[[Westringia]]''
         }}
      }}
   |label8=[[Nepetoideae]]
   |8={{clade
      |label1=[[Ocimeae]]
      |1={{clade
         |1=''[[Lavandula]]''
         |2=''[[Siphocranion]]''
         |3={{clade
            |1=''[[Isodon]]''
            |2=''[[Hanceola]]''
            |3=''[[Hyptis]]''
            |4={{clade
                 |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Orthosiphon]]''
                    |2=''[[Ocimum]]''
                    }}
                 |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Plectranthus]]''
                    |2=''[[Coleus]]''
                    }}
                 }}
            }}
         }}
      |label2=[[Elsholtzieae]]
      |2={{clade
         |1=''[[Elsholtzia]]''
         |2=''[[Perilla]]''
         }}
      |label3=[[Mentheae]]
      |3={{clade
         |1={{clade
            |1=''[[Lepechinia]]''
            |2=''[[Salvia]]''
            |3=''[[Rosmarinus]]''
            }}
         |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
               |1=''[[Prunella (plant)|Prunella]]''
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Nepeta]]''
                  |2=''[[Dracocephalum]]''
                  |3=''[[Agastache]]''
                  }}
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=''[[Origanum]]''
                  |2=''[[Thymus (plant)|Thymus]]''
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Mentha]]''
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=''[[Satureja]]''
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=''[[Clinopodium]]''
                        |2=''[[Bystropogon]]''
                        }}
                     |3={{clade
                        |1=''[[Pycnanthemum]]''
                        |2=''[[Monarda]]''
                        }}
                     |4={{clade
                        |1=''[[Dicerandra]]''
                        |2=''[[Conradina]]''
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |9={{clade
      |label1=[[Scutellarioideae]]
      |1={{clade
         |1=''[[Holmskioldia]]''
         |2=''[[Scutellaria]]''
         }}
      |label2=[[Lamioideae]]
      |2={{clade
         |1=''[[Pogostemon]]''
         |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Phlomis]]''
            |2=''[[Lamium]]''
            |3={{clade
               |1=''[[Stachys]]''
               |2=''[[Sideritis]]''
               |3={{clade
                  |1=''[[Haplostachys]]''
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=''[[Stenogyne]]''
                     |2=''[[Phyllostegia]]''
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            |4=''[[Leonurus]]''
            |5=''[[Marrubium]]''
            |6=''[[Moluccella]]''
            |7={{clade
               |1=''[[Rydingia]]''
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Leucas]]''
                  |2=''[[Leonotis]]''
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}

==Gallery==
{{gallery|mode=packed
|Lamium purpureum Closeup.jpg|''[[Lamium purpureum]]'', showing the bilaterally symmetrical flower
|Leucas aspera at Gandipet, Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9054.jpg|''[[Leucas aspera]]'' in [[Hyderabad, India]]
|Origanum vulgare - harilik pune.jpg|[[Oregano]]
|Orthosiphon pallidus (Jyoti) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8284.jpg|''[[Orthosiphon thymiflorus]]'' flower
|Plectranthus ecklonii fence.jpg|''[[Plectranthus ecklonii]]''
|Salvia jurisicii in its native habitat.jpg|''[[Salvia jurisicii]]''
|Tetradenia_riparia_03.jpg|''[[Tetradenia riparia]]''
}}

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline}}
* [https://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/labiatae.htm Lamiaceae] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/https://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval]. ''delta-intkey.com''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302171954/https://www.delta-intkey.com/ |date=2022-03-02 }}.

{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q53476|from2=Q10315139}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lamiaceae| ]]
[[Category:Lamiales families]]