Editing Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska

{{short description|Borough in Alaska, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county               = Lake and Peninsula Borough
 | state                = Alaska
 | named for            = [[Iliamna Lake]], [[Becharof Lake]] and [[Alaska Peninsula]]
 | ex image             = {{multiple image
| border                 = infobox
| total_width            = 290
| image_style            = border:1;
| perrow                 = 2/2/2
| image1 = Trefon Dena'ina Fish Cache - Port Alsworth Alaska.jpg
| image2 = Alagnak River Rapids.jpg
| image6 = Twin Lakes from Low Pass 2012.jpg
| image4 = ALEUTIAN EXPRESS at Chignik Harbor 8 29 2016 23.jpg
| image3 = Nondalton.jpg
| image5 = Becharof National Wildlife Refuge,Alaska.jpg
}}
 | ex image cap         = Left to right, from top: [[Wassillie Trefon Dena'ina Fish Cache]] in [[Port Alsworth, Alaska|Port Alsworth]], [[Alagnak River]] rapids, shore at [[Nondalton]], the ''Aleutian Express'' in [[Chignik|Chignik Bay]], view of [[Ugashik-Peulik|Mount Peulik]] in [[Becharof National Wildlife Refuge]], view of the [[Twin Lakes (Alaska)|Twin Lakes]]
 | seal                 = Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska seal.jpg 
 | founded year         = 1989<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/ctychng.html |title=Substantial Changes to Counties and County Equivalent Entities: 1970–Present |date=May 24, 2002 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Geography Division |access-date=May 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506234535/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/ctychng.html |archive-date= May 6, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=[[Juneau]]|publisher=Alaska Municipal League/[[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development|Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs]]|date=January 1996|page=11}}</ref>
 | founded date         = April 24
 | founded title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
 | leader_name          = Glen R. Alsworth, Sr.
 | leader_title         = Mayor
 | seat wl              = King Salmon
 | largest city wl      = Port Alsworth
 | city type            = CDP
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 32922
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 23652
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 9270
 | area percentage      = 28.2%
 | population_as_of     = 2020
 | population_total     = 1476
 | pop_est_as_of        = 2023
 | population_est       = 1331 {{loss}}
 | density_sq_mi         = auto
 | web                  = www.lakeandpen.com
 | district             = At-large
 | time zone            = Alaska
 | logo                 = Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska logo.png
}}

'''Lake and Peninsula Borough''' ({{langx|ru|Лейк-энд-Пенинсула}}, ''Leyk-end-Peninsula'') is a [[Borough (United States)#Alaska|borough]] in the [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Alaska]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 1,476,<ref name="2020 Census Data">{{cite web | url = https://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/2020-census-data.html | title = 2020 Census Data - Cities and Census Designated Places | format = Web | publisher = State of Alaska, Department of Labor and Workforce Development | access-date = October 31, 2021}}</ref> down from 1,631 in 2010.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/02/02164.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 17, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606142900/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/02/02164.html|archive-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> The [[borough seat]] of [[King Salmon, Alaska|King Salmon]]<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> is located in neighboring [[Bristol Bay Borough]], although is not the seat of that borough. The most populous community in the borough is the [[List of census-designated places in Alaska|census-designated place]] of [[Port Alsworth, Alaska|Port Alsworth]]. With an average of {{convert|0.017|/km2|/mi2|disp=preunit|inhabitants&nbsp;|inhabitants}}, the Lake and Peninsula Borough is the [[population density|least densely populated]] organized [[county-equivalent]] in the United States; only the unorganized [[Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska|Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area]] has a lower density.

==Geography==
[[File:Island Arm Becharof Lake Becharof NWR by USFWS.jpg|left|thumb|View of [[Becharof Lake]], in the [[Becharof National Wildlife Refuge]]]]
The borough has an area of {{convert|32922|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|23652|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|9270|sqmi}} (28.2%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The borough contains [[Iliamna Lake]], the largest lake in Alaska and third largest within United States borders, and occupies most of the [[Alaska Peninsula]]. Its land area is larger than that of [[San Bernardino County, California]], the largest county in the contiguous [[Lower 48]] states.

===Adjacent boroughs and census areas===
* [[Bethel Census Area, Alaska]] – north
* [[Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska]] – east
* [[Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska]] – southeast
* [[Aleutians East Borough, Alaska]] – west
* [[Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska]] – west
* [[Dillingham Census Area, Alaska]] – west

===National protected areas===
* [[Alagnak Wild River]]
* [[Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge]] (part of the Alaska Peninsula unit)
** [[Sutwik Island]]
* [[Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge]] (part)
* [[Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve]]
* [[Becharof National Wildlife Refuge]] (part)
** [[Becharof Wilderness]] (part)
* [[Katmai National Park and Preserve]] (part)
** [[Katmai Wilderness]] (part)
* [[Lake Clark National Park and Preserve]] (part)
** [[Lake Clark Wilderness]] (part)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1990= 1668
|2000= 1823
|2010= 1631
|2020= 1476
|estyear=2023
|estimate=1331
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 28, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 17, 2014}}</ref><br />1990–2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 17, 2014}}</ref> 2010–2020<ref name="QF" />
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 14, 2011|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,823 people, 588 households, and 418 families residing in the borough. The [[population density]] was {{convert|0.059|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 1,557 housing units at an average density of {{convert|0.05|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the borough was 18.76% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.05% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 73.51% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.22% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.16% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.33% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.97% from two or more races. 1.15% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. About 5.41% reported speaking a [[Yupik language]] at home, while 3.87% speak [[Alutiiq language|Alutiiq]] and 1.23% an [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan language]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MLA Data Center Results |url=http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id%3D2&county_id%3D164&mode%3Dgeographic&zip%3D&place_id%3D&cty_id%3D&ll%3D&a%3D&ea%3D&order%3Dr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930185735/http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=2&county_id=164&mode=geographic&zip=&place_id=&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref>

Some 44.70% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.50% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.90% were non-families. About 24.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.90% consisted of a sole occupant 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.74.

In the borough, the age of the population was spread out, with 37.80% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 28.00% from 25 to 44, 20.20% from 45 to 64, and 5.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124.10 males.

The dominant religion is [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]].

==Government==
The Borough is governed by an elected assembly. The Borough's mayor is Glen R. Alsworth, Sr. The deputy mayor is Myra J. Olsen. The other members of the assembly are Randy Alvarez, Scott Anderson, Alvin Pedersen, Michelle Pope-Ravenmoon, and Christina Salmon-Bringhurst.<ref>"[https://lakeandpen.civicweb.net/document/14188/Regular%20Assembly%20Meeting%20-%2018%20Oct%202022%20-%20Minutes.docx?handle=800CE7D284D14D94A4BBF95A7A40F099 Minutes: Regular Assembly Meeting]". ''Lake and Peninsula Borough Assembly''. October 18, 2022.</ref>

Lake and Peninsula Borough is somewhat of a national bellwether, having only voted for the losing presidential candidate four times since statehood: in 1976, 1992, 2008, and 2016. It was the county or borough that swung the most towards Trump from 2020 to 2024 at 31.7%

{{PresHead|place=Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rrhelections.com/index.php/2018/02/02/alaska-results-by-county-equivalent-1960-2016/|title=RRH Elections|first=RRH|last=Elections|website=rrhelections.com|access-date=January 12, 2020}}</ref>}}
<!--{{PresRow|Year|Winner|GOP #|Dem #|3rd #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|230|175|37|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|234|358|52|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|174|193|35|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|143|212|9|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|299|185|18|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|224|114|2|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|297|196|25|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|235|240|50|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|291|152|160|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|342|162|6|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|446|105|14|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|225|130|61|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|212|131|22|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|180|170|18|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|195|189|52|Alaska}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|82|356|0|Alaska}}
{{PresFoot|1960|Democratic|121|211|0|Alaska}}

==Communities==
Despite [[King Salmon, Alaska|King Salmon]] being the borough seat, it is not in '''Lake and Peninsula Borough''' and instead in [[Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska|Bristol Bay Borough]], therefore it is not included in the list.
===Cities===
*[[Chignik, Alaska|Chignik]]
*[[Egegik, Alaska|Egegik]]
*[[Newhalen, Alaska|Newhalen]]
*[[Nondalton, Alaska|Nondalton]]
*[[Pilot Point, Alaska|Pilot Point]]
*[[Port Heiden, Alaska|Port Heiden]]

===Census-designated places===
{{div col}}
*[[Chignik Lagoon, Alaska|Chignik Lagoon]]
*[[Chignik Lake, Alaska|Chignik Lake]]
*[[Igiugig, Alaska|Igiugig]]
*[[Iliamna, Alaska|Iliamna]]
*[[Ivanof Bay, Alaska|Ivanof Bay]]
*[[Kokhanok, Alaska|Kokhanok]]
*[[Levelock, Alaska|Levelock]]
*[[Pedro Bay, Alaska|Pedro Bay]]
*[[Perryville, Alaska|Perryville]]
*[[Pope-Vannoy Landing, Alaska|Pope-Vannoy Landing]]
*[[Port Alsworth, Alaska|Port Alsworth]]
*[[Ugashik, Alaska|Ugashik]]
{{div col end}}

===Ghost town===
*[[Kijik, Alaska|Kijik]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Alaska}}
*[[List of airports in the Lake and Peninsula Borough]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.lakeandpen.com}}

{{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721032754/http://labor.alaska.gov/research/alari/images/maps/6_15_0map.pdf Borough map: Alaska Department of Labor]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska
|North     = [[Bethel Census Area, Alaska|Bethel Census Area]]
|Northeast =
|East      = [[Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska|Kenai Peninsula Borough]]
|Southeast = [[Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska|Kodiak Island Borough]]
|South     =
|Southwest =
|West      = [[Aleutians East Borough, Alaska|Aleutians East Borough]], [[Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska|Bristol Bay Borough]], and [[Dillingham Census Area, Alaska|Dillingham Census Area]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska}}
{{Alaska}}
{{Coord|58.40|-156.18|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-AK_source:UScensus1990_scale:4000000}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lake And Peninsula Borough, Alaska}}
[[Category:Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska| ]]
[[Category:Alaska boroughs]]
[[Category:Bering Sea]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Alaska]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1989]]