Editing Ladybower Reservoir

{{short description|Reservoir in Derbyshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name               = Ladybower Reservoir
| image              = Aerial view of Ladybower reservoir, with Bamford Edge in the distance - 51844490452 13c8b224ef.jpg
| caption            = An aerial view of Ladybower Reservoir with Bamford Edge in the distance
| alt                = A flooded upland valley surrounded by trees and moorland
| image_bathymetry   =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location           = [[Upper Derwent Valley]], Derbyshire
| coords             = {{coord|53|23|N|1|43|W|region:GB_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| lake_type          = reservoir
| inflow             = [[River Ashop]], [[River Derwent, Derbyshire|River Derwent]]
| outflow            = River Derwent
| catchment          = {{cvt|6364|acre}}
| basin_countries    = United Kingdom
| length             = {{cvt|2.5|mi}}
| width              = {{cvt|1950|ft}}
| area               = {{cvt|210|ha}}<ref name="userweb.port.ac.uk">{{Cite web |last=Harwood |first=Stephen |date=September 2000 |title=Severn Trent Water, The Ladybower Reservoir Dam Refurbishment Scheme |url=http://userweb.port.ac.uk/~gilesd/Documents/doc_16.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004114823/http://userweb.port.ac.uk/~gilesd/Documents/doc_16.pdf |archive-date=4 October 2011 |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref>
| depth              = {{cvt|95|ft}}
| max-depth          = {{cvt|135|ft}}
| volume             = {{cvt|27800000|m3|impgal}}<ref name="userweb.port.ac.uk" />
| residence_time     =
| shore              = {{cvt|13|mi}}
| elevation          = {{cvt|668|ft}}
| islands            =
| cities             = <!--      Map      -->
| pushpin_map        = Derbyshire#England
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt    = Location of the reservoir in Derbyshire, England.
| pushpin_map_caption = <!--   Below       -->
| website            =
| reference          = <ref name="Walls">{{Cite book |last=Brian |first=Robinson |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/868374001 |title=Walls across the valley : the building of the Howden and Derwent Dams |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-900446-15-0 |location=p 254, table 2 |oclc=868374001}}</ref>
}}

'''Ladybower Reservoir''' is a large Y-shaped, artificial [[reservoir]], the lowest of three in the [[Upper Derwent Valley]] in [[Derbyshire]], England. The [[River Ashop]] flows into the reservoir from the west; the [[River Derwent, Derbyshire|River Derwent]] flows south, initially through [[Howden Reservoir]], then [[Derwent Reservoir (Derbyshire)|Derwent Reservoir]], and finally through Ladybower Reservoir. The reservoir is owned by the water company [[Severn Trent]].<ref name=BBC19>{{cite news|access-date=2022-01-15|first=Gavin|last=Bevis|title=Why does Ladybower Reservoir in Derbyshire have plug holes?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-50157693|publisher=BBC News|date=26 October 2019}}</ref>

The area is now a tourist attraction, with the Fairholmes visitors' centre located at the northern tip of Ladybower. The east arm of the reservoir, fed by the Ladybower Brook, is overlooked by [[Hordron Edge stone circle]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pastscape - Detailed Result: MONUMENT NO. 312213 |url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=312213&sort=4&search=all&criteria=Hordron%20Edge&rational=q&recordsperpage=10 |access-date=19 December 2017 |website=www.pastscape.org.uk}}</ref>

==Design and construction==
[[File:Ladybower Reservoir viaducts - April 2021.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Ladybower Reservoir, showing two viaducts carrying roads over the water|The Ashopton Viaduct (left) carries the [[Snake Pass]] [[A57 road]] and the Ladybower Viaduct carries the A6013 to [[Bamford]] over the reservoir.]]
Ladybower was built between 1935 and 1943 by the [[Derwent Valley Water Board]] to supplement the other two reservoirs in supplying the water needs of the [[East Midlands]]. It took a further two years to fill, which was done by 1945. The dam differs from the Howden Reservoir and Derwent Reservoir in that it is a clay-cored earth embankment and not a solid masonry dam. Below the dam is a cut-off trench {{cvt|180|ft}} deep and {{cvt|6|ft}} wide filled with concrete, stretching {{cvt|500|ft}} into the hills each side, to stop water leaking around the dam. The dam wall was built by Richard Baillie and Sons, a Scottish company. The two viaducts, Ashopton and Ladybower, needed to carry the [[trunk road]]s over the reservoir, were built by the London firm of Holloways, using a steel frame clad in concrete. The project was delayed when the Second World War broke out in 1939, making labour and raw materials scarce, but construction was continued due to the strategic importance of maintaining supplies. [[George VI|King George VI]], accompanied by his wife, [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]], formally opened the reservoir on 25 September 1945.

During the 1990s, the wall was raised and strengthened to reduce the risk of over-topping in a major flood. The original dam wall contains 100,000 tons of concrete, over one million tons of earth, and 100,000 tons of [[clay]] for the core. The upstream face is stone-faced. Materials were brought to the site on the Derwent Valley Water Board's own branch line and their sidings off the mainline in the [[Hope Valley, Derbyshire|Hope Valley]].
[[File:Ladybower Reservoir.jpg|thumb|left|The reservoir]]
The dam's design is unusual{{efn|Although there are not many dams of this design, examples include [[Pontsticill Reservoir]] in Wales and [[Monticello Dam]] in California.<ref name=BBC19/>}} in having two totally enclosed [[Spillway#Bell-mouth spillways|bellmouth spillway]] overflows (locally named the "plugholes") at the side of the wall. These are stone and of {{cvt|78|ft}} diameter with a drop of {{cvt|66|ft}}. The plugholes regulate water levels in the reservoir by draining away excess water when they overflow. The water is then carried to the River Derwent through tunnels.<ref name=BBC19/> The overflows originally had walkways around them,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ladybower Reservoir, c 1945 |url=https://picturethepast.org.uk/image-library/image-details/poster/ptpd300443/posterid/ptpd300443.html |access-date=28 October 2019 |website=Picture the Past |language=en}}</ref> but they were dismantled many years ago. The plugholes typically overflow in winter months if there has been wet or snowy weather in the nearby hills. According to [[Severn Trent]], the reservoir’s operating company, the overflowing plug holes attract many visitors each year.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2022-01-15|first=Amy|last=Woodfield|title=Ladybower Reservoir's overflowing 'plug holes' attract photographers|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-59966942|publisher=BBC News|date=14 January 2022}}</ref>

==Water usage==

The water is used for river control and to compensate for the water retained by all three dams, along with supply into the drinking water system and [[hydroelectricity]] generation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dent |first=Martin |title=Severn Trent Water's Hydro Expansion |url=http://www.british-hydro.org/uploads/11102008114256AM.pdf |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> Drinking water must be pumped to treatment works rather than using gravity flow as in the other two reservoirs, increasing costs.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120722013629/http://research.ncl.ac.uk/hydroinformatics/rbhd/derwent/upper.html The Upper Catchment<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The drinking water is treated at [[Bamford]] water treatment works by Severn Trent Water. Treated water flows south down the {{cvt|28|mi}} long Derwent Valley Aqueduct to a covered service reservoir at [[Ambergate]] to supply clean water to the cities of [[Nottingham]], [[Derby]] and [[Leicester]] in the [[East Midlands]] of England. The aqueduct passes through the park of [[Chatsworth House]]. The path of the aqueduct is marked by a series of valve houses built of stone and domed steel access chambers. A tunnel carries some of the water from the Derwent Valley eastwards through the hill and into the lower of the two [[Rivelin Dams]] to supply Sheffield.

==Flooded villages==
[[File:Church tower at Ladybower Reservoir.png|thumb|left|The church tower of [[Derwent, Derbyshire|Derwent]] slowly disappearing below the water as the reservoir was filled in 1946]]
The building of the reservoir resulted in the submergence of the villages of [[Ashopton]] and [[Derwent, Derbyshire|Derwent]], including Derwent Woodlands church and Derwent Hall. Ashopton stood roughly where the road to the [[Snake Pass]] met the Snake valley. The buildings in Ashopton were demolished before the reservoir was filled, but much of the structure of Derwent village was still visible during a dry summer some 14 years later. Derwent Bridge, a narrow stone [[packhorse bridge]], over the Derwent was removed and rebuilt at the head of the Howden reservoir. The clock tower of the church had been left standing and the upper part of it was visible above the water level until 1947, when it was seen as a hazard and demolished with explosives on 15 December.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harry |first=Gill |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/499712295 |title=The story of the lost villages of Derwent and Ashopton. |date=1947 |publisher=H. Gill |oclc=499712295}}</ref>

In 1976, 1995, 2018,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=17 November 2018 |title=Low water levels reveal abandoned village |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-46236792 |access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> and 2022<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hardwick |first1=Thomas |title=Remarkable photos show water levels continuing to dwindle at Derbyshire reservoir |url=https://www.derbyshiretimes.co.uk/news/environment/remarkable-photos-show-water-levels-continuing-to-dwindle-at-derbyshire-reservoir-revealing-eerie-remains-of-drowned-village-3861192 |website=Derbyshire Times |publisher=National World Publishing Ltd. |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> dry conditions caused the water level to drop and the village of Derwent to once again be exposed.In 2018, this caused unprecedented crowds to visit the rarely visible site. On 3 November 2018, a man had to be rescued by a mountain rescue team after getting stuck in extremely thick mud around the ruins of the village.<ref name=":0" /> On 17 November 2018 it was reported that the site had been vandalised by some of those visiting, with park rangers forced to stop visitors removing items from the site and with graffiti scrawled on some buildings.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 November 2018 |title=Rarely seen abandoned village vandalised |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-46316985 |access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>

==Potential expansion==
In Autumn 2022 Severn Trent Water announced that it was considering expanding the Ladybower, Howden, and Derwent reservoirs, or building a new reservoir in the area. There was immediate opposition to these plans, due to the potential for environmental damage to the landscape, including the loss of ancient forests.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Torr |first1=George |title=Severn Trent ponders new reservoir in expansion plan |work=BBC News |date=13 October 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-derbyshire-63229627 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref>

In June 2023, the water company announced that the potential expansion would not be going ahead. They said that in response to consultation feedback the Upper Derwent Valley Reservoir Expansion scheme had been removed from their preferred plan. The scheme would be replaced by a 'combination of leakage, customer demand management and accelerated supply options'. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Walsh |first1=David |title=Campaigners celebrate Severn Trent Water statement on plans for huge Peak District reservoir |url=https://www.derbyshiretimes.co.uk/business/campaigners-celebrate-severn-trent-water-statement-on-plans-for-huge-peak-district-reservoir-4200203 |website=Derbyshire Times |publisher=National World Publishing Ltd. |access-date=28 June 2023}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=Around Ladybower Reservoir
|width=220
|height=220
|File:Ladybower Reservoir west bellmouth high and dry - geograph.org.uk - 1538242.jpg|Ladybower Reservoir high and dry
|File:Ladybower3.jpg|Northern branch of the Ladybower Reservoir, showing aqueduct
|File:Ladybower Reservoir Outlet.jpg|Overflow for the Ladybower Reservoir
|File:Ladybower Overflow Valve Houses.jpg|Ladybower Overflow valve-houses
|File:Ladybower Reservoir From Above.jpg|Layout of the Ladybower Reservoir
|File:Ladybower Reservoir Outlet overflow.jpg|Overflow for the Ladybower Reservoir in full flow, May 2006
}}

[[File:Ladybower view.jpg|900px|thumb|center|View from the Ladybower Wall across the water]]

==See also==
* [[List of crossings of the River Derwent, Derbyshire]]
* [[Listed buildings in Derwent, Derbyshire]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Brian |title=Walls across the Valley: The building of the Howden and Derwent Dams |publisher=Scarthin |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-907758-57-0 |location=Cromford}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ladybower Reservoir}}
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/eastmidlands/series4/east_midlands_reservoirs.shtml BBC Inside Out: Sunken villages]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109014431/http://simscience.org/cracks/dambusters.html Dam Busters Filmclips]

{{Derbyshire Places of interest}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Reservoirs of the Peak District]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Derwent (Derbyshire) catchment|RLadybower]]