Editing La Jonquera

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = La Jonquera
| native_name             = 
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities of Catalonia|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = Requesens castell4.jpg
| imagesize               = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Panorama of the [[Requesens Castle]]
| image_flag              = Bandera de la Jonquera.svg
| flag_size               = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Escut de la Jonquera.svg
| shield_size             = 
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| pushpin_map             = Spain Province of Girona#Spain
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Catalonia
| coordinates             = {{coord|42|25|11|N|2|52|31|E|type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Community]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Catalonia}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[File:Bandera de la provincia de Gerona.png|20px]] [[Province of Girona|Girona]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarques of Catalonia|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[File:Flag of Alt Emporda.svg|20px]] [[Alt Empordà]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Sònia Martínez Juli (2015)<ref name=municat>{{cite web|url=http://aplicacions.municat.gencat.cat/index.php?page=consulta&mostraEns=1708650006|title=Ajuntament de la Jonquera|publisher=[[Generalitat of Catalonia]]|access-date=2015-11-13}}</ref>
| area_footnotes          = <ref name=idescat>{{cite web|url=http://www.idescat.cat/emex/?lang=en&id=170865|title=El municipi en xifres: La Jonquera|publisher=[[Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya|Statistical Institute of Catalonia]]|access-date=2015-11-23}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 56.9
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 110
| population_as_of        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonyms      = Jonquerenc, jonquerenca, jonquereño, jonquereña
| population_note         = 
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| website                 = {{URL|www.lajonquera.cat}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''La Jonquera''' ({{IPA|ca|lə ʒuŋˈkeɾə}}; {{langx|es|La Junquera|links=no}})<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PJ19EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA376|page=376|title=Ortografía normativa del español|volume=I|first=Teudiselo|last=Chacón Berruga|year=2022|publisher=[[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]]|location=Madrid|isbn=9788436278491 }}</ref> is a [[municipality]] in the ''[[Comarques of Catalonia|comarca]]'' of  [[Alt Empordà|l'Alt Empordà]], in [[Catalonia]], Spain. It is situated next to the border with [[Northern Catalonia]], nowadays [[France]], opposite the municipality of [[Le Perthus]].

==History==
The area has always been an important passage through the [[Pyrenees]]. The contemporary AP-7 highway extends not far from the ancient Roman road, the Via Augusta. Nearby there is an altar erected by Pompey on the Coll de Panissars. The name comes precisely from the Roman mansion of Iuncaria, which is not located under the current population but several kilometers away, in [[Figueres|Figueras]].6

La Junquera was the scene of a conflict involving retreating French [[Crusades|crusaders]] in 1285 that ended in their defeat.

From the 13th century until the end of the [[Manorialism|manorial]] regime, in the mid-19th century, it was the possession of the Rocabertí family. The Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659) placed the new border between the Spanish and French [[Monarchies in Europe|monarchies]] in the Albera mountain range, a fact that marked the subsequent history of La Junquera.

==Geography==
List of toponyms in '''La Jonquera''' ([[Topography]]: mountains, ranges, hills, places...; hydrography: rivers, fountains...; buildings: houses, farmhouses, churches, etc.).

It is located at the northern end of the [[Alt Empordà]], on the border with the [[Northern Catalonia|northern Catalan region]] of [[Vallespir]] through the Pertús Pass, the current border between the [[Spain|Spanish]] and [[France|French]] states. Crashed in the [[Albera Massif|Sierra de l'Albera]]. [[Cork tree|Cork]] oak forests predominate there.

The old town of [[Requesens Castle|Requesens]] (to the east of the town) has been part of the [[Albera Massif|Albera]] Natural Site of National Interest since 1986.

The [[Carretera Nacional N-II|N-II]] road and the [[Autopista AP-7|AP-7]] highway (access exit number 2) connect La Jonquera with the rest of the region and [[Catalonia]], and give it access to one of the main international communication routes between the [[Spanish state|Spanish states]] and [[France|French]].

== Civil parishes ==
La Jonquera (2,888 inhabitants in the village) has 4 civil parishes (''poblaciones''). The village of [[Els Límits]] is situated on the French-Spanish border, contiguous to its French [[Twin cities (geographical proximity)|twin town]], [[Le Perthus]].  
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Village
! Population (2005)
|-
| Canadal
| 9
|-
| [[Els Límits]]
| 115
|-
| Requesens
| 0
|-
| Sant Julià
| 4
|}


==Shield==
The shield of La Jonquera is a cantoned shield, made of silver, a bundle of reeds made of chinople with a gold binding. The shield is crowned by a villa mural crown. The reeds are a traditional speaking element, related to the name of the town.

The shield was approved on 17 December 1990.

==Interesting places==

* Albera Natural Site of National Interest
* Jonquera ponds
* Exile Memorial Museum ([[MUME]])
* [[Santa Maria de Montserrat Abbey|Parish Church of Santa Maria]], late 18th century (15th century facade).
* In the Panissars pass there are the remains of a medieval Benedictine priory, Santa Maria de Panissars and the foundations of a large Roman building, identified with the Mansio Summum Pyrenaeum (at the meeting point between Via Domitia and Via Augusta) and the trophies that [[Pompey]] erected after defeating Sertorius.

Castles declared cultural assets of national interest:

* The old town of Requesens, accessible by Cantallops, has the Shrine of Our Lady of Requesens and the castle of Requesens, rebuilt at the end of the 19th century.
* Ruins of the [[old castle of Rocabertí,]] former seat of the viscounty of the same name.
* The castle of Canadal

Romanesque hermitages:

* [[Sant Jaume de Frontanyà|Sant Jaume]] de Canadal from the 9th century
* [[Sant Pere de Ribes|Sant Pere]] del Pla de l'Arca
* [[Sant Martí de Maçana|Sant Martí]] del Forn del Vidre from the 10th century
* Santa Llúcia de la Jonquera
* [[Sant Miquel del Fai|Sant Miquel]] de Solans
* [[Sant Julià de Lòria|Sant Julià dels Torts]] from the twelfth century.
* The casal of Ca l'Armet, on Carrer Major, of the modern era, with rooms decorated with paintings and an important family archive.
* La Porta Catalana (built by Josep Lluís Sert in 1982), in the Jonquera service area, on the AP7 motorway.

Megalithic monuments:

* Canadal dolmen
* [[Dolmen|Dolmens of Mas Baleta]] I - II - III
* [[Dolmen|Dolmens]] of the Estanys I - II - III
* [[Dolmen|Dolmens]] of Coll de Madàs I - II
* Dolmen of the Mesclants
* Dolmen of Plan de l'Arca
* [[Menhir|Menhirs]] of the Ponds I - II

==Forest fires==
The area around La Jonquera was seriously affected by [[Alt Empordà fires of 2012|fatal wildfires]] that devastated large swathes of forestry in [[northern Catalonia]] in July 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Spain wildfires: Four killed in Catalonia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18949400|access-date=2012-07-23|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-07-23}}</ref>

== Demography ==
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! width="15%" | 1900
! width="15%" | 1930
! width="15%" | 1950
! width="15%" | 1970
! width="15%" | 1986
! width="15%" | 2007
|-
| align="center" | 1588
| align="center" | 1273
| align="center" | 1199
| align="center" | 1964
| align="center" | 2582
| align="center" | 3075
|-
|}

== Economy ==
Rainfed farming and [[Cork tree|cork]] handling were traditionally the most important economic activities. At present, the basis of the municipal economy is the activity derived from the Portús customs office - the name of the town of Pertús in [[Empordà|Emporda]], part of which (the Límits district) belongs to '''La Jonquera.'''

==Prostitution==
The New York Times reported that one of Europe's largest brothels opened in La Jonquera in 2010, taking advantage of [[Europe|Europe's]] open borders and "tax laws".  Many of its clients reportedly come from France, where [[Prostitution in France|prostitution]] was made illegal in April 2016. According to the paper, "Advocates and police officials say that most of the women are controlled by illegal networks — they are modern-day slaves."<ref>{{cite news |last=Daley |first=Suzanne |date=2012-04-06 |title=In Spain, Women Enslaved by a Boom in Brothel Tourism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/world/europe/young-men-flock-to-spain-for-sex-with-trafficked-prostitutes.html?hpw |access-date=2012-07-23 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. {{ISBN|84-87135-01-3}} (Spanish). {{ISBN|84-87135-02-1}} (Catalan).

== External linksExternal links[edit] ==

* Pàgina web de l'Ajuntament
* Lloc web del Consell Comarcal de l'Alt Empordà Arxivat 2010-08-27 a Wayback Machine.
* Informació de la Generalitat de Catalunya
* Informació de l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya
* megàlits de l'Albera
{{commons category}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = La Jonquera
|N  = [[Laroque-des-Albères]] (France)<br>[[L'Albère]] (France)
|NE = [[Sorède]] (France)
|E  = [[Espolla]]<br>[[Sant Climent Sescebes]]
|SE = [[Cantallops]]
|S  = [[Capmany]]
|SW = [[Agullana]]
|W  = [[Maureillas-las-Illas]] (France)
|NW = [[Le Perthus]] (France)
}}
{{Alt Emporda}}
{{Municipalities in Girona|state=autocollapse}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jonquera, La}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Alt Empordà]]
[[Category:Populated places in Alt Empordà]]