Editing Kryptopterus bicirrhis

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Glass Catfish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis) (5520681894).jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Allen, D.J. |author2=Ng, H.H. |date=2019 |title=''Kryptopterus bicirrhis'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T180737A1657421 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T180737A1657421.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Kryptopterus bicirrhis
| authority = [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1840
}}

'''''Kryptopterus bicirrhis''''', often called the '''glass catfish''', is an [[Asian glass catfish]] species of the [[genus]] ''[[Kryptopterus]]''. Until 1989, the concept of ''K. bicirrhis'' included its smaller relative ''[[Kryptopterus vitreolus]]'' ("ghost catfish"; often confused with ''[[Kryptopterus minor|K. minor]]''). Its [[scientific name]] ''K. bicirrhis'' and [[common name]] glass catfish are often still used in the [[aquarium]] fish trade to refer to the actual ''K. vitreolus''; as it seems, the larger and more aggressive true ''K. bicirrhis'' was only ever [[export]]ed in insignificant numbers.<ref name="planetcatfish" /><ref name=description>{{cite journal |title=After eighty years of misidentification, a name for the glass catfish (Teleostei: Siluridae) |journal=[[Zootaxa]] |first1=Heok Hee |last1=Ng |first2=Maurice |last2=Kottelat |volume=3630 |issue=2 |pages=308–316 |date=20 March 2013 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3630.2.6 |pmid=26131513}}</ref><ref name=seriouslyfish>{{cite web |url=http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/kryptopterus-bicirrhis/ |title=Kryptopterus bicirrhis |work=SeriouslyFish |access-date=19 July 2014}}</ref>

In western [[Borneo]], where ''K. minor'' and ''K. bicirrhis'' are [[Sympatry|sympatric]], both species are known as '''''lais tipis''''' in the [[Malay language]], but when locals want to distinguish the two, they refer to ''K. minor'' as '''''lais limpok'''''. In [[Cambodia]] it is known as '''''trey kes prak''''' ({{langx|km|ត្រីកេះប្រាក់}}) and used to make the fermented [[fish paste]] ''[[prahok]]''.<ref name="Rainboth1996">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_sZQbV75rtAQC |title=Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong |series=FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |location=Rome |first=Walter J. |last=Rainboth |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_sZQbV75rtAQC/page/n157 146] |date=1996 |isbn=92-5-103743-4}}</ref>

==Description==
The true ''K. bicirrhis'' is easily separated from ''K. vitreolus''. ''K. bicirrhis'' reaches a significantly larger size, up to {{convert|15|cm|in|abbr=on}} [[standard length]],<ref name="Smithsonian2010">{{cite book |title=Natural History: The Ultimate Visual Guide to Everything on Earth |publisher=DK Publishing |editor-first=Kathryn |editor-last=Hennessy |page=[https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryul00henn/page/333 333] |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-7566-6752-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryul00henn/page/333 }}</ref> and most of its body is not clearly [[transparency and translucency|transparent]] (only obviously transparent around the head).<ref name="planetcatfish" /><ref name=description/><ref name=seriouslyfish/> The body of ''K. bicirrhis'' is mostly opaque and light greyish.<ref name="planetcatfish" /><ref name=description/><ref name=seriouslyfish/>

When struck by light, it has an [[iridescence]], and it turns milky white as it dies. It has two long [[barbel (anatomy)|barbels]] for locating food,<ref name="Smithsonian2010"/> which are as long again as the body in front of the anal fin. The [[dorsal fin]] is reduced to a tiny triangle, and the [[pectoral fin]]s are longer than the head.<ref name="planetcatfish" /><ref name=description/>

==Ecology==
''Kryptopterus bicirrhis'' is found in [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], the [[Malay Peninsula]], and the [[Chao Phraya]] and [[Mekong]] [[drainage basin]]s.<ref name="fishbase" />

This freshwater [[catfish]] inhabits large [[river]]s with [[Turbidity|turbid]] water, where they typically live near the shore in fast-flowing water. It seems to prefer [[peat]]y water with a rather low temperature for its [[tropical]] range, around {{convert|21|to|26|C|F}}. It is a [[Diurnality|diurnal]] [[predator]] and mainly eats [[Nepomorpha|water bugs]] and occasionally smaller fishes.<ref name="fishbase" />

== Research with Magnetic Fields ==
''Kryptopterus bicirrhis are'' extremely responsive to magnetic stimuli and are known to have electroreceptor organs already.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Robert |last2=Bretschneider |first2=Franklin |last3=Eeuwes |first3=Lonneke |date=2008-01-01 |title=Open lumina of microampullary electroreceptor organs in the transparent catfish, Kryptopterus bicirrhis (Valenciennes 1840), contain 50 mM potassium: why? |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ab/58/3/article-p313_5.xml |journal=Animal Biology |language=en |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=313–319 |doi=10.1163/157075608X344631 |issn=1570-7563}}</ref> Typically, fish that have this sensitivity to magnetic stimuli are [[Migratory fish|migratory]] and use this for their sense of direction, but they are nonmigratory fish. The ''Kryptopterus bicirrhis'' swim away from any [[magnetic field]] above the value of 20 μT ([[microtesla]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hunt |first1=Ryan D. |last2=Ashbaugh |first2=Ryan C. |last3=Reimers |first3=Mark |last4=Udpa |first4=Lalita |last5=Saldana De Jimenez |first5=Gabriela |last6=Moore |first6=Michael |last7=Gilad |first7=Assaf A. |last8=Pelled |first8=Galit |date=2021-03-05 |editor-last=Roman |editor-first=Gregg |title=Swimming direction of the glass catfish is responsive to magnetic stimulation |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=e0248141 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0248141 |pmid=33667278 |pmc=7935302 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1648141H |issn=1932-6203 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This is due to their EPG (electromagnetic perceptive gene), that of which increases the calcium content in the animal’s cells when the EMF (electromagnetic field) is stronger.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Krishnan |first1=Vijai |last2=Park |first2=Sarah A. |last3=Shin |first3=Samuel S. |last4=Alon |first4=Lina |last5=Tressler |first5=Caitlin M. |last6=Stokes |first6=William |last7=Banerjee |first7=Jineta |last8=Sorrell |first8=Mary E. |last9=Tian |first9=Yuemin |last10=Fridman |first10=Gene Y. |last11=Celnik |first11=Pablo |last12=Pevsner |first12=Jonathan |last13=Guggino |first13=William B. |last14=Gilad |first14=Assaf A. |last15=Pelled |first15=Galit |date=2018-06-08 |title=Wireless control of cellular function by activation of a novel protein responsive to electromagnetic fields |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=8764 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-27087-9 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=5993716 |pmid=29884813|bibcode=2018NatSR...8.8764K }}</ref> This research may, in the future, have great impacts on how we might control cell activity without having to physically touch cells. This might help to increase the amount of noninvasive brain surgeries, granted more research gets done. 

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Kryptopterus bicirrhis}}
{{Wikispecies|Kryptopterus bicirrhis}}
*[[List of freshwater aquarium fish species]]

==References==
{{Reflist |refs=
<ref name="fishbase">{{Fishbase |genus=Kryptopterus |species=bicirrhis |month=July |year=2014}}</ref>
<ref name="planetcatfish">{{cite web |url=http://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=1758 |title=''Kryptopterus bicirrhis'' |work=Cat-eLog Data Sheets |publisher=PlanetCatfish |date=6 April 2008 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q392294}}

[[Category:Siluridae]]
[[Category:Fish of Asia]]
[[Category:Fish of the Mekong Basin]]
[[Category:Fish of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Fish of Laos]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Fish of Thailand]]
[[Category:Fish of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1840]]