Editing Knarr (keelboat)

{{short description|Sailboat class}}
{{For|the Norse ship|Knarr}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox sailboat specifications 
|name              = Knarr
|insignia          = File:Knarr black.svg
|insignia size     = 75px
|insignia alt      = 
|insignia caption  = 
|line drawing      = 
|line size         = 
|line alt          = 
|line caption      = 
|image boat        = File:Knarr Seilbåt.jpg
|image size        = 
|image alt         = 
|image caption     =

|designer          = [[Erling Kristoffersen]]
|architect         =
|location          = [[Norway]]
|year              = 1946
|no built          = 450
|design            = 
|class             = 
|brand             = 
|builder           = [[Grimsøykilen Boat Yard]]<br>[[Kilen Boat Yard]]<br>[[Børresen Bådebyggeri]]<br>[[Bootswerft Schneidereit]]
|role              = [[Sailing (sport)|Racer]]

|boats             = 
|crew              = 3-4
|trapeze           = 
|draft             = {{convert|4.26|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|air draft         = 
|displacement      = {{convert|4905|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}

|hulls             = 
|hull type         = [[monohull]]
|construction      = wood or [[fiberglass]]
|loa               = {{convert|30.33|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|loh               = 
|lwl               = {{convert|20.37|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|beam              = {{convert|6.95|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|hull draft        = 
|hull weight       = 
|engine            =

|appendages        = 
|keel type         = fin keel
|ballast           = {{convert|2822|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
|rudder type       = [[keel]]-mounted [[rudder]]

|rigs              = 
|rig type          = [[Bermuda rig]]
|I                 = {{convert|25.43|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|J                 = {{convert|6.56|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|P                 = {{convert|31.00|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|E                 = {{convert|11.06|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|mast length       = 
|rig other         =

|sails             = 
|sailplan          = [[fractional rig]]ged [[sloop]]
|sailarea main     = {{convert|171.43|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
|sailarea headsail = {{convert|83.41|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
|sailarea spin     =
|sailarea gen      =
|sails other       =
|sailarea upwind   =
|sailarea downwind =
|sailarea total    = {{convert|254.84|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}

|rating            = 
|d-pn              = 91.0
|rya-pn            = 
|phrf              =

|status            = 
|previous          = [[Nordic Folkboat]]
|successor         = 
}}

The '''Knarr''' is a [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[sailboat]] that was designed in 1943 by [[Erling Kristoffersen]] as a [[Sailing (sport)|racer]], with the first production boat delivered in 1946. It is named for the [[Norsemen|Norse]] class of trading ships, the [[Knarr]].<ref name="Data">{{cite web|url= https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/knarr|title= Knarr sailboat |access-date= 30 November 2020|last= McArthur| first= Bruce |work= sailboatdata.com|year= 2020|archive-url= https://archive.today/20201130151425/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/knarr|archive-date= 30 November 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="Sherwood">Sherwood, Richard M.: ''A Field Guide to Sailboats of North America, Second Edition'', pages 132-133. [[Houghton Mifflin Company]], 1994. {{ISBN|0-395-65239-1}}</ref><ref name="Knarr">{{cite web|title=Om båden|url=http://www.knarr.dk/knarren/om_baaden.aspx|work=Dansk Knarr Klub|date=2 April 2011|accessdate=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822045908/http://www.knarr.dk/knarren/om_baaden.aspx|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Production==
The design was initially built at [[Grimsøykilen Boat Yard]] and [[Kilen Boat Yard]] in [[Norway]] and later by [[Børresen Bådebyggeri]] in [[Denmark]]. In 2004 production passed to [[Bootswerft Schneidereit]] of [[Germany]], but that company ceased building boats on 31 May 2018 and it is now out of production. A total of 450 boats were produced.<ref name="Data"/><ref name="Sherwood"/><ref>{{cite web|url = https://sailboatdata.com/builder/borresen-badebyggeri|title = Børresen Bådebyggeri|access-date = 30 November 2020|last= McArthur| first = Bruce |work = sailboatdata.com|year = 2020|archive-url= https://archive.today/20201130151303/https://sailboatdata.com/builder/borresen-badebyggeri|archive-date= 30 November 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://bootswerft-schneidereit.de/index.php/de/|title= Achtung |access-date= 30 November 2020|author= Bootswerft Schneidereit|work= bootswerft-schneidereit.de|date= 31 May 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201021222900/https://bootswerft-schneidereit.de/index.php/de/|archive-date= 21 October 2020|url-status= live|quote= Trans: Attention - As of 31.05.2018 I have stopped building boats as my main occupation. Only service work and smaller repairs are still carried out.}}</ref>

==Development==
The design's concept dates to before 1940, when Willy H. Johannesen and Lars Walløe contacted Kristofersen about designing a replacement for the [[Nordic Folkboat]], which was considered an ugly boat design in Norway. Kristofersen was approached due to having already designed other successful racing sailboats. With Norway [[Operation Weserübung|under German occupation]] in the [[Second World War]], work was slow and the design was not completed until 1943. The choice of iron for the keel was dictated by wartime restrictions making lead unobtainable.<ref name="Hist">{{cite web|url= http://www.knarr.no/?p=11|title= Knarrens historie|access-date= 15 November 2020|last= Hedal Haugerud|first=Morten|work= Norsk Knarrklubb|date= 7 May 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201024004037/http://www.knarr.no/?p=11|archive-date= 24 October 2020|url-status= live}}</ref>

Work on the prototype started in 1944 at Einar Iversen's property in Grimsøy, near [[Sarpsborg]], which later grew into Grimsøykilen Boat Yard. The Germans imposed strict regulations on boatbuilding and sailing during the war, but Iversen was allowed to continue work, by promising the first boat to the Germans. He claimed that the prototype as completed was too flawed and promised the Germans the second one, which was constructed in the winter of 1944-45. The occupation of Norway ended before the German boat was delivered and the first production boats were delivered in 1946.<ref name="Hist"/>

==Design==
The Knarr is a recreational [[keelboat]] that was initially built of [[mahogany]] or [[fir]] wood on a hull-shaped [[last]]. Wooden construction avoided the use of [[strategic material]]s during the [[Second World War]]. In 1974 the design was converted by Børresen Bådebyggeri to [[fiberglass]] construction, with wooden trim, starting with hull number 129. The fiberglass version preserves the weight and balance of the wooden version.<ref name="Data"/><ref name="Sherwood"/><ref name="Knarr"/>

The boat has a [[Fractional rig|fractional]] [[sloop]] rig, initially with [[spruce]] wood spars and later with [[aluminum]]. The [[forestay]] set well aft of the bow. The hull has a spooned, [[raked stem]]; a raised counter, angled [[Transom (nautical)|transom]]; a [[keel]]-mounted [[rudder]] controlled by a [[tiller]] and a fixed fin keel. It displaces {{convert|4905|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and carries {{convert|2822|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} of iron ballast.<ref name="Data"/><ref name="Sherwood"/><ref name="Knarr"/>

The boat has a draft of {{convert|4.26|ft|m|abbr=on}} with the standard keel. For sailing the design is equipped with only a [[mainsail]] and [[jib]], no [[spinnaker]].<ref name="Data"/><ref name="Knarr"/>

The design has a [[Portsmouth Yardstick]] racing average handicap of 91.0 and is normally raced by a crew of three to four [[sailor]]s.<ref name="Sherwood"/>

==Operational history==
The boat is supported by three active class clubs that organize racing events, the ''Norsk Knarrklubb'' founded in 1951 in [[Norway]], the ''Dansk Knarr Klub'' formed in 1955 in [[Denmark]] and the ''Knarr Class of San Francisco Bay'' in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://sailboatdata.com/association/knarr-class-den|title= Knarr Class (DEN)|access-date = 30 November 2020|last= McArthur| first = Bruce |work = sailboatdata.com|year = 2020|archive-url= https://archive.today/20201130152145/https://sailboatdata.com/association/knarr-class-den|archive-date= 30 November 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://sailboatdata.com/association/knarr-class-norway|title= Knarr Class Norway|access-date = 30 November 2020|last= McArthur| first = Bruce |work = sailboatdata.com|year = 2020|archive-url= https://archive.today/20201130152026/https://sailboatdata.com/association/knarr-class-norway|archive-date= 30 November 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://sailboatdata.com/association/knarr-class-of-san-francisco-bay|title= Knarr Class of San Francisco Bay|access-date = 1 December 2020|last= McArthur| first = Bruce |work = sailboatdata.com|year = 2020|archive-url= https://archive.today/20201201141707/https://sailboatdata.com/association/knarr-class-of-san-francisco-bay|archive-date= 1 December 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref>

{{As of|2011}} there were racing fleets in Norway, Denmark and San Francisco Bay, with some boats also located in Germany and France. In 1968, the national clubs created an International Knarr Championship, which is held sequentially in [[Oslo]] and [[Bergen, Norway]], [[San Francisco]] and Denmark.<ref name="Knarr"/>
[[File:Knarr-Regatta.jpg|thumb|A Knarr Regatta on San Francisco Bay in 2009|alt=A photograph of several boats under sail]]
The design was introduced to [[San Francisco]] in 1953 by Einar Iversen's son, Bjørn Iversen, who was attending [[Stanford University]]. The design proved well-suited to the windy conditions and the chop of [[San Francisco Bay]] and gained a following there.<ref name="Hist"/>

In 1966, the Knarr ''Irina'' was sailed by Georg V. Erpecom Jr. from Bergen to the Centenary Regatta in [[Copenhagen]] and then to [[Oslo]], the longest voyage that had been sailed by a Knarr up until that time. Erpecom was awarded the [[Royal Norwegian Yacht Club]]'s ''Cruise Racing Trophy'' for the trip.<ref name="Hist"/>

In 1967 the [[Royal Danish Yacht Club]] presented [[Margrethe II of Denmark]] and [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark|Prince Henrik]] a Knarr as a wedding gift.<ref name="Hist"/>

==See also==
*[[List of sailing boat types]]

'''Similar sailboats'''
*[[Shields (keelboat)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:Keelboats]]
[[Category:1940s sailboat type designs]]
[[Category:Sailing yachts]]
[[Category:Sailboat types built in Norway]]
[[Category:Sailboat types built in Germany]]
[[Category:Sailboat type designs by Erling Kristoffersen]]
[[Category:Sailboat types built by Børresen Bådebyggeri]]
[[Category:Sailboat types built by Grimsøykilen Boat Yard]]
[[Category:Sailboat types built by Kilen Boat Yard]]
[[Category:Sailboat types built by Bootswerft Schneidereit]]