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{{Short description|Town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England}} {{Other uses}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}} {{Use British English|date=December 2017}} {{Infobox UK place |official_name = Kenilworth |coordinates = {{coord|52.341|-1.566|display=inline,title}} |os_grid_reference = SP2971 |static_image_name = Kenilworth ClockTower SSE.jpg |static_image_caption = Clock tower at the junction of The Square, Smalley Place and Abbey End |label_position = bottom |population = 22,538 |population_ref = (2021 Census)<ref name="bua2011">{{cite web |title=Kenilworth |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/westmidlands/admin/warwick/E04012431__kenilworth/ |website=City population |access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref> |civil_parish = Kenilworth |shire_district = [[Warwick (district)|Warwick]] |shire_county = [[Warwickshire]] |region = West Midlands |country = England |constituency_westminster = [[Kenilworth and Southam (UK Parliament constituency)|Kenilworth and Southam]] |post_town = KENILWORTH |postcode_district = CV8 |postcode_area = CV |dial_code = 01926 |website = [https://www.kenilworthweb.co.uk/ https://www.kenilworthweb.co.uk/] }} '''Kenilworth''' ({{IPAc-en|Λ|k|Ι|n|α΅»|l|w|Ιr|ΞΈ}} {{respell|KEN|il|wΙrth}}) is a market town and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[Warwick (district)|Warwick District]] of [[Warwickshire]], England, {{convert|5.5|mi|0}} south-west of [[Coventry]] and {{convert|5|mi|0}} north of [[Warwick]]. The town lies on [[Finham Brook]], a tributary of the [[River Sowe]], which joins the [[River Avon (Warwickshire)|River Avon]] {{convert|2|mi|0}} north-east of the town. At the [[United Kingdom Census 2021|2021 Census]], its population was 22,538.<ref name=bua2011/> The town is home to the ruins of [[Kenilworth Castle]] and [[St Mary's Abbey, Kenilworth|Kenilworth Abbey]]. ==History== ===Medieval and Tudor=== [[File:Kenilworth Castle gatehouse landscape.jpg|left|thumb|Kenilworth Castle]] [[File:Ancient gate house kenilworth 9l07.JPG|left|thumb|The ruins of the gatehouse of [[Kenilworth Abbey]]]] A settlement existed at Kenilworth by the time of the 1086 [[Domesday Book]], which records it as ''Chinewrde''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Warwickshire G-P |url=http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/warwickshire2.html |publisher=The Domesday Book Online |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> [[Geoffrey de Clinton]] (died 1134) initiated the building of an [[Kenilworth Abbey|Augustinian priory]] in 1122,{{sfn |Salzman |1951 |pp=132β143}} which coincided with his initiation of [[Kenilworth Castle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/kenilworth-castle |title=Kenilworth Castle and Elizabethan Gardens|publisher= English Heritage |accessdate= 10 November 2018}}</ref> The priory was raised to the rank of an [[abbey]] in 1450{{sfn |Salzman |1951 |pp=132β143}} and suppressed with the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] in the 1530s. Thereafter, the [[St Mary's Abbey, Kenilworth|abbey grounds]] next to the castle were made [[common land]] in exchange for what [[Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester]] used to enlarge the castle. Only a few walls and a storage barn of the original abbey survive. [[File:Kenilworth Abbey Fields.jpg|thumb|255px|[[Abbey Fields]]]] During the [[Middle Ages]], Kenilworth played a significant role in the history of England: Between June and December 1266, as part of the [[Second Barons' War]], Kenilworth Castle underwent [[Siege of Kenilworth|a six-month siege]], when baronial forces allied to [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]], were besieged in the castle by the Royalist forces led by [[Edward I of England|Prince Edward]], this is thought to be the longest [[siege]] in Medieval English history. Despite numerous efforts at taking the castle, its defences proved impregnable. Whilst the siege was ongoing [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] held a Parliament at Kenilworth in August that year, which resulted in the [[Dictum of Kenilworth]]; a conciliatory document which set out peace terms to end the conflict between the barons and the monarchy. The barons initially refused to accept, but hunger and disease eventually forced them to surrender, and accept the terms of the Dictum.<ref name="VKKH">{{cite web |title=Getting to know Kenilworth's History! |date=10 June 2021 |url=https://visit.kenilworthweb.co.uk/getting-to-know-kenilworths-history/ |publisher=Visit Kenilworth |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Siege of Kenilworth |url=https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/the-siege-of-kenilworth |publisher=Our Warwickshire |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> During the [[Wars of the Roses]] in the 15th century, Kenilworth Castle served as an important [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] base in the Midlands: The Lancastrian King [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] and his wife, [[Margaret of Anjou]] spent much time here.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenilworth Castle: Chapter 4 : Lancastrian Stronghold |url=https://tudortimes.co.uk/places/kenilworth-castle/lancastrian-stronghold |publisher=Tudor Times |access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> [[File:Kenilworth StNicholas southwest.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[St Nicholas' Church, Kenilworth|parish church of St Nicholas]], where [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] worshipped in 1575 and [[James VI and I|James I]] visited in 1616]] [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] visited [[Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester]] at Kenilworth Castle several times, the last in 1575. Dudley entertained the Queen with pageants and banquets costing some Β£1,000 per day that surpassed anything seen in England before.<ref>[http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-masques.htm Information about Elizabethan masques] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021033351/http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-masques.htm |date=21 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cris.com/~Oakapple/gasdisc/sullchoral.htm#kenilworth |last=Shepherd |first=Marc |work=Gilbert & Sullivan Discography |title=Kenilworth (1864) |date=24 December 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625050032/http://www.cris.com/~oakapple/gasdisc/sullchoral.htm#kenilworth |archive-date=25 June 2008 }}</ref> These included fireworks.<ref name=Langham>{{cite book |last=Langham |first=Robert |title=[[Langham letter]] |year=1580}}</ref> Near the castle there is a group of thatched cottages called 'Little Virginia': According to local legend they gained this name because the first [[potato]]es brought to England by Sir [[Walter Raleigh]] from the [[New World]] were planted and grown here in the 16th century. Modern historians however consider this unlikely, and have suggested that the name may have originated from early colonists to America returning to England from [[Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Raleigh's Potato Patch |url=https://www.victoriankenilworth.co.uk/index.php/raleighs-potato-patch |publisher=Victorian kenilworth |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Little Virginia in Kenilworth |url=https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/little-virginia-kenilworth |publisher=Our Warwickshire |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> ===17th and 18th centuries=== During the [[English Civil War]], Kenilworth Castle, was occupied by [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]], after the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] garrison was withdrawn. After the end of the war, the castle's defences were [[Slighting|slighted]] on the orders of Parliament in 1649, after which the castle became a ruin.<ref name="VKKH"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenilworth Castle: Phase 3 |url=https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/catalogue_her/kenilworth-castle-phase-3 |publisher=Our Warwickshire |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> In 1778 [[The Water Tower, Kenilworth|Kenilworth windmill]] was built. In 1884, it was converted into a [[water tower]], by the addition of a large water tank on the top of the tower in the place of the sails. It continued to be the town's main water supply until 1939, and finally became disused in 1960. It is still a local landmark, but is now a private home.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenilworth Windmill |url=https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/kenilworth-windmill-2 |publisher=Our Warwickshire |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> ===19th century to present=== With the demise of the defensive role of the castle, Kenilworth had ceased to be a place of national significance, but [[Walter Scott|Sir Walter Scott]]'s 1821 novel ''[[Kenilworth (novel)|Kenilworth]]'' brought it back to public attention, and helped establish the ruins of the castle as a major tourist attraction.<ref name="VKKH"/><ref name="KTCHOK">{{cite web |title=History of Kenilworthl |url=http://www.kenilworthtowncouncil.co.uk/history_of_kenilworth/4559464915/index.html |publisher=Kenilworth Town Council |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> In the early 19th century Kenilworth was known for its horn [[comb]] making industry, which peaked in the 1830s.<ref name="VKKH"/><ref name="BHOLken"/> Kenilworth was revolutionised by the arrival of the [[railway]] to the town in 1844, when the [[London and Birmingham Railway]] opened the [[Coventry to Leamington Line]], including [[Kenilworth railway station]]. The station was rebuilt in 1884 and a new link line was opened between Kenilworth and {{rws|Berkswell}} to bypass {{rws|Coventry}}. This closed to all traffic on 3 March 1969.<ref>[http://warwickshirerailways.com/lms/kenilworthjunction.htm Warwickshire Railways β Kenilworth Junction]''Warwickshire Railways'' website article; Retrieved 3 September 2013</ref> The railway station was located to the south of the [[Finham Brook]] valley, and this caused the focus of settlement at Kenilworth to move south, away from the castle, and nearer to the railway station. Industrialists from [[Birmingham]] and [[Coventry]] arrived, developing the area around the town's railway station with residential and commercial buildings. In the 19th century Kenilworth had some fine large [[mansion]]s with landscaped gardens; these were demolished after the [[World War I|First World War]] and [[World War II|Second World War]] to make way for housing developments. The railway also brought a number of new industries to Kenilworth, such as [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]], [[brick]] making, and chemicals, and also caused substantial growth in Kenilworth's [[market gardening]], which became known for producing crops such as tomatoes and strawberries.<ref name="KTCHOK"/><ref name="BHOLken"/> [[File:Kenilworth St Johns - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Parish church of St John the Evangelist]] The town's growth occasioned the addition of a second [[Church of England parish church]], St John's, which is on Warwick Road in Knights Meadow. It was designed by [[Ewan Christian]] and built in 1851β1852 as a [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] building with a south-west [[bell tower]] and [[broach spire]].{{sfn |Pevsner |Wedgwood |1966 |p=319}} By the 1870s Kenilworth's population had exceeded 4,000.<ref name="KTCHOK"/> [[File:Albion Street Kenilworth Antique Image Photograph Albion Tavern C. Brewer.jpg|thumb|right|Photograph of Albion Street & Albion Tavern]] In 1869, local [[whitesmith]] and engineer [[Edward Langley Fardon]] demonstrated the first bicycle with [[Wire wheel|wire-spoked wheels]] and rubber tyres, riding from Warwick Road to [[Leek Wootton]].<ref name="Harringman">{{cite book| last = Harringman, Harmer & Harmer| title = The Fardons of Gloucestershire| publisher = Self published| year = 2018| pages = 43β45}}</ref> During [[The Blitz]] in [[World War II]] on the night of 21 November 1940, a German aircraft dropped two [[parachute mine]]s on Kenilworth; the large explosions in the Abbey End area demolished a number of buildings, killing 25 people, and injuring 70 more. The bomb damaged area of the town was redeveloped in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web |title=The war comes to Kenilworth |url=https://www.victoriankenilworth.co.uk/index.php/the-war-comes-to-kenilworth |publisher=Victorian Kenilworth |access-date=7 September 2021 |archive-date=7 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907191420/https://www.victoriankenilworth.co.uk/index.php/the-war-comes-to-kenilworth |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="VKKH"/> In May 1961, the Kenilworth Society was formed over concerns about protecting a group of 17th-century listed cottages adjacent to Finham Brook in Bridge Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thekenilworthsociety.co.uk/ |title=The Kenilworth Society |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> The Society sets out to promote awareness of Kenilworth's character and encourage its preservation. [[British Rail]] withdrew passenger services from the Coventry to Leamington Line and closed Kenilworth Station in January 1965 in line with ''[[Beeching Axe|The Reshaping of British Railways]]'' report. In May 1977, British Rail reinstated passenger services, but did not reopen Kenilworth station, which became derelict and was eventually demolished. In 2011 Warwick Council granted [[John Laing plc]] planning permission to build a new station,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://planning.warwickshire.gov.uk/swiftlg/apas/run/WPHAPPDETAIL.DisplayUrl?theApnID=WDC/10CC067 |title= Planning Application WDC/10CC067 |publisher=[[Warwickshire County Council]] |access-date=14 September 2011}}</ref> It finally reopened in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/green-light-for-kenilworth-station |publisher=[[Department for Transport]] |title=Green light for Kenilworth station |work=Press release |date=12 December 2013 |access-date=13 December 2013}}</ref> In the early 1980s, the town's name was used by one of the first generation of computer retailers, a company called Kenilworth Computers based near the Clock Tower, for its repackaging of the [[Nascom]] microcomputer, with the selling point that it was robust enough to be used by agriculture.<ref>http://www.nascomhomepage.com/pdf/Kenilworth_case.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Kenilworth was struck by [[1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak|an F0/T1 tornado]] on 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide outbreak on that day.<ref>[http://www.eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi European Severe Weather Dabase Retrieved 10 November 2018.]</ref> ==Geography== [[File:Kenilworth Map.png|thumb|Map of Kenilworth]] Kenilworth has several suburbs, including Borrowell, Castle Green, Crackley, Ladyes Hill, Mill End, Park Hill, St Johns, Whitemoor and Windy Arbour. The town has good transport links to Coventry, [[Warwick]], [[Leamington Spa]] and [[Birmingham]].<ref name="OSE">OS Explorer Map 221, ''Coventry & Warwick'' {{ISBN| 978-0-319-24414-2}}</ref> ==Amenities== [[File:The Warwick Road entrance to Talisman Square - geograph.org.uk - 2196712.jpg|thumb|Talisman Square]] The principal shopping area of Kenilworth is around Warwick Street, Abbey End and Talisman Square, a 1960s shopping precinct. In 2008, the Square was modernised and partly redeveloped to include a new [[Waitrose]] supermarket.<ref>{{cite web |title=Supermarkets and Talisman Square |url=https://victoriankenilworth.co.uk/index.php/kenilworth-supermarkets-and-talisman-square |publisher=Victorian Kenilworth |access-date=10 September 2021 |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910222737/https://victoriankenilworth.co.uk/index.php/kenilworth-supermarkets-and-talisman-square |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Warwickshire gets its first Waitrose |url= https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/local-news/warwickshire-gets-its-first-waitrose-3095575 |access-date=25 March 2018 |newspaper=[[Coventry Telegraph]] |date=31 July 2008}}</ref> Kenilworth has been a [[Fairtrade Town]] since 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Everything you need to know about Fairtrade in Kenilworth |date=16 September 2020 |url=https://kenilworth.nub.news/n/everything-you-need-to-know-about-fairtrade-in-kenilworth |publisher=Kenilworth Nub News |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> The town's public library underwent a renovation in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home News Local News Kenilworth Library to receive complete refurbishment for first time in 15 years|url=https://kenilworth.nub.news/n/kenilworth-library-to-receive-complete-refurbishment-for-first-time-in-15-years |publisher=Kenilworth Nub News |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> ''The Cross'', a local pub-restaurant, received a [[Michelin star]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Kenilworth restaurant retains Michelin star |url=https://www.leamingtoncourier.co.uk/news/top-kenilworth-restaurant-retains-michelin-star-569870 |publisher=The Leamington Courier |access-date=12 September 2021 |date=2 October 2018}}</ref> Near the centre of Kenilworth is [[Abbey Fields]], a public [[park]] which covers {{convert|68|acre|ha|abbr=off}} within the valley of [[Finham Brook]]. Abbey Fields contains the ruins of the historic Kenilworth Abbey as well as St Nicholas Church. It contains public amenities such as a swimming pool, a lake, a children's play area and heritage trails.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abbey Fields |url=https://www.kenilworthweb.co.uk/kenilworth-directory/abbey-fields/ |publisher=Kenilworth Town Council |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Abbey Fields |url=https://visit.kenilworthweb.co.uk/listings/abbey-fields/ |publisher=Visit kenilworth |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> There are several further public open spaces in Kenilworth, including Kenilworth Common, an area of historic [[common land]] covering {{convert|30|acre|ha|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenilworth Common |url=https://www.warwickshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/reserves/KenilworthCommon |publisher=[[Warwickshire Wildlife Trust]] |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenilworth Common |url=https://visit.kenilworthweb.co.uk/listings/kenilworth-common/ |publisher=Visit Kenilworth |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> Parliament Piece, a field and nature reserve covering {{convert|14|acre|ha|abbr=off}}, was where, according to legend, King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] held a Parliament in 1266.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliament Piece Becomes Nature Reserve |url=http://www.cwn.org.uk/environment/organisations/warwickshire-wildlife-trust/2000/06/000608-parliament-piece.htm |publisher=CWN |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> Knowle Hill Nature Reserve, managed by the [[Warwickshire Wildlife Trust]], is found near the Common and covers {{convert|9.7|acre|ha|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Knowle Hill |url=https://www.warwickshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/KnowleHill |publisher=Warwickshire Wildlife Trust |access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref> ==Landmarks== In the centre of Kenilworth stands a [[Kugel ball]] water feature, called the Millennium Globe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Snoeijer |first1=Jacco H. |title=Physics of the granite sphere fountain |url=http://stilton.tnw.utwente.nl/people/snoeijer/Papers/2014/SnoeijerAJP14.pdf |publisher=American Associate of Physics Teachers |access-date=19 November 2016 |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417132519/http://stilton.tnw.utwente.nl/people/snoeijer/Papers/2014/SnoeijerAJP14.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kenilworth's clock tower (pictured at top of article) is an important local landmark. It was first built in 1906β1907 by a notable local benefactor, George Marshall Turner, as a memorial for his late wife. It stands in a roundabout in the town centre. The top part of the tower was severely damaged in 1940 by World War II bombing and had to be pulled down, it was fully restored in the 1970s. The clock tower is [[Listed building#Locally listed buildings|locally listed]] as a heritage asset by [[Warwick District|Warwick District Council]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Local List of Heritage Assets |url=https://www.warwickdc.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/6012/local_list_of_heritage_assets.pdf |publisher=Warwick District Council |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenilworth Clock Tower |url=https://visit.kenilworthweb.co.uk/listings/kenilworth-clock-tower/ |publisher=Visit Kenilworth |access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> ==Governance== [[File:Jubilee House, Kenilworth.jpg|thumb|Jubilee House, Smalley Place: Headquarters of Kenilworth Town Council]] There are three tiers of local government covering Kenilworth, at parish (town), district and county level: Kenilworth Town Council, [[Warwick District Council]] and [[Warwickshire County Council]]. The town council is based at Jubilee House on Smalley Place in the town centre.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenilworth Town Council |url=https://kenilworthweb.co.uk/ |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref> Kenilworth gained a [[local board of health]] in 1877, which was converted into an [[urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|Urban District Council]] in 1894.<ref name="BHOLken">{{cite web |title=Parishes: Kenilworth |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/warks/vol6/pp132-143 |publisher=British History Online |access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref> Under local government reforms in [[Local Government Act 1972|1974]] Kenilworth Urban District was merged into the new [[Warwick District]] along with [[Warwick]] and [[Leamington Spa]]. The former urban district of Kenilworth was then reconstituted as a [[successor parish]] with a [[Parish councils in England|Town (parish) Council]].<ref name="KTChistory">{{cite web |title=History Of Kenilworth |url=https://www.kenilworthweb.co.uk/visitors/our-visitors/history-of-kenilworth/ |publisher=Kenilworth Town Council |access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref> Since 2010, Kenilworth has been part of the Parliamentary constituency of [[Kenilworth and Southam (UK Parliament constituency)|Kenilworth and Southam]]; prior to that it was part of [[Rugby and Kenilworth (UK Parliament constituency)|Rugby and Kenilworth]]. ==Transport== [[File:Kenilworth station building exterior (4).jpg|thumb|The new [[Kenilworth railway station]], reopened in 2018]] [[Kenilworth railway station]] is situated on the [[Coventry-Leamington line|Coventry to Leamington Spa line]]. The original station was closed in 1965 and later demolished; in April 2018, a new station was opened. [[West Midlands Trains]] operates services to {{rws|Nuneaton}}, {{rws|Coventry}} and {{rws|Leamington Spa}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.westmidlandsrailway.co.uk/travel-information/may-timetable-changes?station=Kenilworth |title=May Timetable Changes |publisher=[[West Midlands Railway]]|access-date=14 June 2019}}</ref> {{rws|Warwick Parkway}} station is located nearby, which hosts [[Chiltern Railway]] services between [[Marylebone railway station|London Marylebone]], [[Birmingham Snow Hill railway station|Birmingham Snow Hill]] and [[Stourbridge Junction railway station|Stourbridge Junction]]. The [[A46 road|A46]] bypass opened in June 1974.<ref>{{cite news |title=Derek, 93, gets award of merit |url=https://www.kenilworthweeklynews.co.uk/news/derek-93-gets-award-of-merit-1-1078440 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180325233059/https://www.kenilworthweeklynews.co.uk/news/derek-93-gets-award-of-merit-1-1078440 | archive-date= 25 March 2018 |work=Kenilworth Weekly News | publisher = Johnston Publishing Ltd. | date=31 May 2007}}</ref> Both [[Birmingham Airport]] and the [[M6 motorway|M6]], [[M42 motorway|M42]] and [[M40 motorway|M40]] [[motorway]]s are within {{convert|12|mi}} of the town. ==Media== Local news and television programmes are provided by [[BBC West Midlands|BBC Midlands]] and [[ITV Central]]. Television signals are received from the [[Sutton Coldfield transmitting station|Sutton Coldfield]] TV transmitter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Sutton_Coldfield|title=Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=24 December 2023}}</ref> Local radio stations are [[BBC CWR]], [[Capital Mid-Counties]], [[Hits Radio Coventry & Warwickshire]], [[Fresh (Coventry & Warwickshire)]], [[Heart West Midlands]], [[Smooth West Midlands]], [[Greatest Hits Radio Midlands]] and Radio Abbey, a community based station.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thekenilworthcentre.com/whats-on/radio-abbey/#:~:text=Kenilworth's%20Own%20Radio%20Station!,you%20%E2%80%93%20it%20matters%20to%20us!|title=Radio Abbey|website=The Kenilworth Centre |access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref> The town is served by two local newspapers, the ''Kenilworth Weekly News''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-wmids/kenilworth-weekly-news/|title=Kenilworth Weekly News|date=17 January 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate=24 December 2023}}</ref> and the ''Leamington Observer'' (formerly ''Kenilworth Observer'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-wmids/kenilworth-observer/|title=Kenilworth Observer (defunct)|date=31 December 2010|website=British Papers|accessdate=24 December 2023}}</ref> ==Sport== *Kenilworth Town FC, located in Gypsy Lane in the south of the town, played in the [[Midland Combination]] until June 2011, when it resigned,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nonleague.pitchero.com/news/kenilworth-pull-out-of-midland-comb-4090/ |work=Pitch Hero Non-League |title=Kenilworth Pull Out Of Midland Comb |date=6 June 2011}}</ref> preferring to spend money on ground improvements rather than fielding a team. It re-entered the [[English football pyramid]] in the 2013β14 season and was placed in the [[Midland Football League (2014)|Midland Football League]] Division 3, the 12th highest tier in the English league system. The stay, however, was brief; the first team again resigned shortly afterwards. The Gypsy Lane ground was purchased in 2018 by Coventry Plumbing F.C., which demolished the clubhouse and built a new one, before starting the 2019β20 season there.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kenilworthweeklynews.co.uk/news/we-re-bringing-football-back-say-soon-to-be-owners-of-old-kenilworth-town-fc-land-1-8629971 |work=Kenilworth Weekly News |title='We're bringing football back' say soon-to-be owners of old Kenilworth Town FC land |date=10 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.midlandfootballleague.co.uk/directory.html |work=Midland Football League |title=Directory |access-date=18 February 2020 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218105033/http://www.midlandfootballleague.co.uk/directory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Kenilworth Wardens FC]] is based at Kenilworth Wardens, a Community Amateur Sports Club in Glasshouse Lane to the east of the town.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthwardens.com/ |title=Kenilworth Wardens |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> *Kenilworth RFC is the town's [[Rugby union|rugby union club]]. It fields three senior sides and hosts a large [[Mini rugby|minis]], juniors and colts section. The ground is also located in Glasshouse Lane.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthrugby.co.uk/ |title=Kenilworth RFC |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> *Kenilworth Tennis, Squash and Croquet Club, in Crackley Lane, has nine tennis courts, five [[Squash (sport)|squash]] and [[racketball]] courts and two [[croquet]] lawns.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wordfair.co.uk/kltsc_new/html/main.htm/ |title=Kenilworth Tennis Club |access-date=28 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114064603/http://www.wordfair.co.uk/kltsc_new/html/main.htm |archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> *Kenilworth has two cricket clubs: Kenilworth Wardens in Glasshouse Lane fields five senior teams and a juniors section starting from seven years old;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthwardens.play-cricket.com/ |title=Kenilworth Wardens |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> Kenilworth Cricket Club fields three senior teams and plays at the Warwick Road ground.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthcc.co.uk/ |title=Kenilworth Cricket Club |access-date=28 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927141306/http://www.kenilworthcc.co.uk/ |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> *Kenilworth Runners meets at Kenilworth Sporting in Gypsy Lane. The club caters for runners of all ages and abilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthrunners.co.uk/ |title=Kenilworth Runners |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> *Octavian Droobers is the local orienteering club, using maps of [[Abbey Fields]] and Kenilworth Common on which to stage events. *Kenilworth Wheelers meets all the year round on Saturday and Sunday morning for a road ride. During the summer months, regular evening training rides cater for all abilities from novice to racer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthwheelers.co.uk/ |title=Kenilworth Wheelers |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> *Abbey Fields Swimming Pool is in [[Abbey Fields]]. It has a {{no break|25 m by 10 m}} indoor pool and an outdoor pool open from May to September. It is home to Kenilworth Swimming Club and Kenilworth Masters Swimming Club.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthmasters.co.uk/ |title=Kenilworth Masters |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> *Kenilworth Golf Club features a mature 18-hole parkland course, plus a small six-hole par 3 course.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthgolfclub.co.uk/ |title=Kenilworth Golf Club |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> === Two Castles Run === The Two Castles Run began in 1983 as a fun run between [[Warwick Castle]] and Kenilworth Castle.<ref>[http://www.twocastlesrun.org.uk/ Rotary Club of Kenilworth Retrieved 10 November 2018.]</ref> It has grown into an English Athletics-licensed run with 3,000 entrants in 2010.<ref>[http://www.englandathletics.org/ English Athletics].</ref> In 2010 and 2011 it held the Warwickshire Amateur Athletic Association 10 Kilometre Championship. In 2012 all 4,000 places were sold within 25 hours. The race is organised each June by Kenilworth Rotary Club<ref>[http://www.kenilworthrotary.org.uk/ Kenilworth Rotary Club.]</ref> in conjunction with the Leamington Cycling and Athletic Club.<ref>[http://www.leamingtoncyclingandathletics.org.uk/ Leamington Cycling and Athletic Club].</ref><ref>[http://www.twocastlesrun.org.uk/ Two Castles Run.]</ref> ==Arts== ===Theatres=== The [[Talisman Theatre and Arts Centre]], founded as Talisman Players in 1942, moved to its current 156-seat premises in Barrow Road in 1969.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talismantheatre.co.uk/about-us.html |title=About us |work=Talisman Theatre and Arts Centre |date=4 December 2022 |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref> It won twelve [[National Operatic and Dramatic Association|NODA]] awards between 2004 and 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.talismantheatre.co.uk/index.html |title=Archive |work=Talisman Theatre and Arts Centre |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref> The Talisman produces around 9 main stage [https://talismantheatre.co.uk/whats-on/ shows] a year including performances from the [https://talismantheatre.co.uk/youth-theatre/ Talisman Youth Theatre]. Since 2022, The Talisman Theatre has been presenting [https://talismantheatre.co.uk/fringe-theatre/ Fringe] nights at the Holiday Inn, Kenilworth.<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=James |date=31 March 2022 |title=Kenilworth theatre announces new monthly fringe night |url=https://kenilworth.nub.news/news/local-news/kenilworth-theatre-announces-new-monthly-fringe-night |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=Kenilworth Nub News }}</ref> The Talisman Theatre also operates a monthly [https://talismantheatre.co.uk/cinema/ cinema] night showing recent films. Work started in 2022 on a two-phase development of the Talisman Theatre. The [[Priory Theatre]], founded in 1932 as the Kenilworth Players, uses the former [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]]/[[Christadelphian]] chapel, a Gothic Revival building{{sfn |Salzman |1951 |pp=132β143}} dating from 1816, which was converted into a 119-seat theatre building in 1945β1946.<ref name=Priory/> It was gutted by fire in 1976, but restored and reopened in September 1978.<ref name=Priory>{{cite web |url=http://www.priorytheatre.co.uk/history/ |title=History |work=About Us |publisher=Priory Theatre |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref> ===Kenilworth Arts Festival=== The first Kenilworth Festival was held in 1935. After a 70-year interval, it was revived locally in 2005. Between 2005 and 2015, events were held almost every year, with varying success.<ref name="festival">{{cite news |url=http://www.kenilworthweeklynews.co.uk/news/Kenilworth-Festival-makes-comeback.3778332.jp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130420160235/http://www.kenilworthweeklynews.co.uk/news/Kenilworth-Festival-makes-comeback.3778332.jp |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 April 2013 |title=Kenilworth Festival makes comeback |date=11 February 2008 |newspaper=Kenilworth Weekly News }}</ref> The company became a social enterprise in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/kenilworth-festival-2011-comes-successful-3044123 |title=Kenilworth Festival 2011 comes to successful end (Pictures) |last=Telegraph |first=Coventry |date=16 May 2011 |work=Coventry Telegraph |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> In 2015β16, a new team oversaw a change in direction, with a new name, branding and mission statement, as 'Kenilworth Arts Festival'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenilworth Arts Festival |url=https://visit.kenilworthweb.co.uk/events/kenilworth-arts-festival/ |publisher=Visit Kenilworth |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> Kenilworth Arts Festival took place again on 19β28 September 2019.<ref>[https://www.kenilworthartsfestival.co.uk/ Retrieved 18 February 2020.]</ref> ==Education== Kenilworth is close to the [[University of Warwick]] at Gibbet Hill in Coventry {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} to the north. The principal secondary school is the [[Kenilworth School and Sixth Form]]. There are also a number of schools for primary age children. ==Notable people== In order of birth: <!--Please only add Wikipedia pagers, in birth date order, who were born, died and/or lived in Kenilworth, or made a notable contribution there. References are needed for information not found on the person's own page.--> *[[Henry III of England]] (1207β1272) commissioned the [[Dictum of Kenilworth]], which was made public on 31 October 1266.<ref>Rothwell, H., ed. (1975), ''English Historical Documents III, 1189β1327'', London, p. 380.</ref> *[[Edward II of England]] (1284β1327) was held prisoner in Kenilworth Castle in 1326β1327.<ref>J. R. S. Phillips, "Edward II (1284β1327)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8518, accessed 18 April 2014]</ref> *[[Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester]] (1532 or 1533β1588) lived at Kenilworth Castle.<ref>Haynes, Alan (1992): ''Invisible Power: The Elizabethan Secret Services 1570β1603'', p. 12.</ref> *[[Thomas Underhill]] (1545β1591) was keeper of the wardrobe at Kenilworth Castle.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} *[[Thomas Hearne (artist)|Thomas Hearne]] (1744β1817), landscape artist, painted ''The Priory Gate at Kenilworth'' in 1784.<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/theherbert/7830668400/ Retrieved 18 April 2014.]</ref> *[[William Field (minister)|William Field]] (1768β1851), [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] minister and local historian, served the Old Meeting House at Kenilworth from about 1830 to 1850.<ref>"Field, William". ''Dictionary of National Biography''. London, 1885β1900.</ref> *Sir [[Walter Scott]]'s (1771β1832) novel ''Kenilworth. A Romance'' appeared anonymously in 1821.<ref>British Library catalogue. [http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01001947969&indx=2&recIds=BLL01001947969&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=3&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&frbg=&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1397822688481&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Kenilworth.%20A%20Romance&vid=BLVU1 Retrieved 18 April 2014.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808020543/http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01001947969&indx=2&recIds=BLL01001947969&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=3&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope%3A(BLCONTENT)&frbg=&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1397822688481&srt=rank&mode=Basic&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dum=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=Kenilworth.%20A%20Romance&vid=BLVU1 |date=8 August 2022 }}</ref> *[[Samuel Butler (schoolmaster)|Samuel Butler]] (1774β1839), classical scholar and bishop, became the incumbent of Kenilworth in 1802.<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). EncyclopΓ¦dia Britannica (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press.</ref> *[[John Sumner (bishop)|John Sumner]] (1780β1862), [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], was born in Kenilworth.<ref>Edward J. Davies, "Some Connections of the Birds of Warwickshire", ''The Genealogist'', 26 (2012): pp. 58β76.</ref> *[[Charles Sumner (bishop)|Charles Sumner]] (1790β1874), religious writer and bishop, was born in Kenilworth.<ref>"Ridley, William Henry". ''Dictionary of National Biography''. London, 1885β1900.</ref> *[[William Gresley (divine)|William Gresley]] (1801β1876), religious writer and cleric, was born in Kenilworth.<ref>Goodwin, Gordon (1890). "Gresley, William". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. ''Dictionary of National Biography'' 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 153β55.</ref> *[[Samuel Carter (Coventry MP)|Samuel Carter]] MP (1805β1878), inherited property in Kenilworth and is buried in the graveyard of St Nicholas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uudb.org/articles/samuelcarter.html |title=Samuel Carter |website=Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography |access-date=20 March 2018 |archive-date=20 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320171112/http://uudb.org/articles/samuelcarter.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite ODNB |id=49346 |title=Carter, Samuel}}</ref> *[[Anna Russell (botanist)|Anna Russell]] (1807β1876), botanist, lived in Kenilworth.<ref name=Ladies>{{cite book |last1=Creese |first1=Mary R. S. |title=Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800β1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research |date=2000 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780585276847 |pages=31β32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amtGAwAAQBAJ&q=Anna+Russell+botanist&pg=PA31}}</ref> *[[Samuel Hawksley Burbury]] (1831β1911), mathematician, was born in Kenilworth.<ref>"Burbury, Samuel Hawksley". ''Dictionary of National Biography'', 1912 suppl. London.</ref> *[[Isabel Burton|Isabel, Lady Burton]] (nΓ©e Arundell, 1831β1896), religious writer and wife of the scholar [[Richard Francis Burton]], was born in Kenilworth.<ref>Lovell, Mary S., ''A Rage to Live'', W. W. Norton, 1998.</ref> *[[George Potter (trade unionist)|George Potter]] (1832β1893), trade unionist, first president of the [[Trades Union Congress]] of England and Wales, was born in Kenilworth. *[[Edward Langley Fardon]] (1839β1926), whitesmith and bicycle innovator, lived in Kenilworth.<ref name="Leach">{{cite book| last = Leach| first = Robin D.| title = Kenilworth People and Places, Volume I| publisher = Rookfield Publications| year = 2011| pages = 62β66| isbn = 978-0-9552646-1-0}}</ref> *Sir [[Arthur Sullivan]]'s (1842β1900) long association with vocal music began with a [[cantata]], ''The Masque at Kenilworth'', in 1864.<ref>Robin Gordon-Powell (Archivist & music librarian of the Sir Arthur Sullivan Society), Preface to score of ''Kenilworth'', London, 2002.</ref> *[[Jack Burns (golfer)|Jack Burns]] (1859β1927), Scottish champion golfer, was instrumental in creating the Kenilworth course in 1890.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenilworthgolfclub.co.uk/club-history |title=Club History |publisher=Kenilworth Golf Club |access-date=27 September 2013}}.</ref> *[[Oliver Bodington]] (1859β1936), Paris-based international lawyer and marriage broker, was baptised in Kenilworth.<ref>Joseph Foster: ''Men-at-the-Bar'' (1885), p. 42.</ref> *Edith Emma Cooper (1862β1913), poet, dramatist, diarist and half of the pseudonym [[Michael Field (author)|Michael Field]] with Katherine Bradley, was born in Kenilworth.<ref name="bristow">{{citation |title=Sexual Sameness: Textual Differences in Lesbian and Gay Writing |editor-first=Joseph |editor-last=Bristow |year=1992 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-06937-8 |chapter='Poets and Lovers Evermore': The poetry and journals of Michael Field |first=Chris |last=White}}</ref> *[[Edgar Jepson]] (1863β1938), writer of crime, adventure and fantasy novels, was born in Kenilworth.<ref>"Edgar Jepson, 74, English Novelist". The New York Times (Wireless to The New York Times), 12 April 1938, p. 23.</ref> *[[John Siddeley, 1st Baron Kenilworth|John Siddeley, Lord Kenilworth]] (1866β1953), motor and aero engineering pioneer, moved to Crackley Hall, Kenilworth, in 1918. *[[Reginald Lee]] (1870β1913), surviving crew member of the [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']], died in Kenilworth.<ref name="ecntit">[http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/biography/1348/ Mr Reginald Robinson Lee β Titanic Biography β Encyclopedia Titanica<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.encyclopedia-titanica.org</ref> *[[Alec Issigonis]] (1906-1988), designer of the Morris Minor and Austin Mini cars, lived and worked in Kenilworth.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} *[[Walter Ritchie]] (1919β1991), sculptor, lived and worked in Kenilworth.<ref>Rogers, Byron, ''The Arts: Sculpture β do's and don'ts Walter Ritchie's career...''[[The Sunday Telegraph]] 12 May 1996.</ref> *[[Basil Heatley]] (1933β2019) was a marathon runner and Olympic silver medallist born in Kenilworth.<ref>[http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/displayhero.asp?HeroID=5150 HeroID=5150 Sporting Heroes] www.sporting-heroes.net</ref> *[[Andrew Davies (writer)|Andrew Davies]] (born 1936), is a novelist and screenwriter who lives in Kenilworth (the 1995 BBC ''Pride and Prejudice'').<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/3652234/Ive-a-monstrous-ego-to-keep-in-check.html Ive-a-monstrous-ego-to-keep-in-check] accessed 16 November 2019.</ref> *[[Julia Slingo]] (born 1950), climate scientist and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire, was born in Kenilworth.<ref>"Slingo, Prof. Julia Mary". ''Who's Who 2014'', A & C Black, 2014.</ref> *[[Peter Marlow (photographer)|Peter Marlow]] (1952β2016) was a photojournalist and photographer. *[[Tim Flowers]] (born 1967 in Kenilworth) is an [[Association football]] goalkeeper, notably for [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] and [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]. He was capped 11 times by [[England national football team|England]].<ref>Soccer Base stats [http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=2562 player_id=2562] www.soccerbase.com accessed 28 November 2014.</ref> *[[Rebecca Probert]] (born 1973), legal historian and expert on marriage law, lives in Kenilworth with her travel-writer husband [[Liam D'Arcy Brown]].<ref>[https://warwick.ac.uk/dickens/about/contributors/rebecca-probert/ Professor Probert's Warwick University webpage] warwick.ac.uk accessed 21 August 2023</ref> *[[Kelvin Langmead]] (born 1985), professional [[Association football|football]] player for Shrewsbury Town and Northampton Town, was educated at Kenilworth School.<ref>[http://www.skysports.com/football/player/3917/kelvin-langmead Squashinfo] www.skysports.com accessed 21 August 2023</ref> *[[Sarah-Jane Perry]] (born 1990), professional international [[squash (sport)|squash]] player, was educated at Kenilworth School.<ref>Squashinfo. [https://www.squashinfo.com/player/1041-sarah-jane-perry Sarah-Jane Perry] accessed 18 April 2014.</ref> ==Twin towns== Kenilworth is [[town twinning|twinned]] with: * [[Bourg-la-Reine]], [[Hauts-de-Seine]], France * [[Eppstein]], [[Hesse]], Germany. * [[Roccalumera]], [[Sicily]], Italy Kenilworth also has friendship links with: * [[Bo, Sierra Leone|Bo]], [[Sierra Leone]], through One World Link (OWL) * Uyogo, [[Tanzania]] ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Sources== *{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |author1-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |last2=Wedgwood |first2=Alexandra |series=[[Pevsner Architectural Guides#Buildings of England|The Buildings of England]] |title=Warwickshire |year=1966 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=Harmondsworth |pages=317β326 }} *{{cite book |editor-last=Salzman |editor-first=LF |editor-link=Louis Francis Salzman |year=1951 |chapter=Kenilworth |title=A History of the County of Warwick |volume=6: Knightlow hundred |series=[[Victoria County History]] |place=London |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] for the [[Institute of Historical Research]] |pages=132β143 |url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/warks/vol6/pp132-143 }} ==External links== {{commons category|Kenilworth}} *[https://www.kenilworthweb.co.uk Kenilworth Town Council] *[https://www.kenilworthweb.co.uk/ Kenilworth The Best Kept Secret in Warwickshire] β official Kenilworth town centre website *[http://www.kenilworthchamber.co.uk/ Kenilworth Chamber of Trade] *[https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=4094482 Geograph photos of Kenilworth and surrounding area] *[https://www.victoriankenilworth.co.uk/ Kenilworth local history articles and books] *[http://www.kenilworth-ww2.co.uk/ Kenilworth in the Second World War] *[https://mrc.epexio.com/records/KUD Catalogue of the Kenilworth Urban District Council archives] held at the [[Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick]] *[http://www.wgcg.co.uk Warwickshire Geological Conservation Group (WGCG) is based in Kenilworth] *[https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/location/kenilworth Kenilworth archives] β Our Warwickshire {{Warwick district}} {{Warwickshire}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Kenilworth| ]] [[Category:Towns in Warwickshire]]
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