Editing Kemerovo Oblast

{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}
{{Infobox Russian federal subject
| en_name = Kemerovo Oblast
| ru_name = Кемеровская область 
| image_map = Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Kemerovo Oblast (Crimea disputed).svg
| coordinates = {{Coord|55.355|N|86.090|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
| image_coa = Coat of arms of Kemerovo Oblast (large).svg
| coa_caption = [[Coat of arms of Kemerovo Oblast|Coat of arms]]
| image_flag = Flag of Kemerovo Oblast.svg
| flag_caption = [[Flag of Kemerovo Oblast|Flag]]
| anthem = Anthem of Kemerovo Oblast<br />{{center|[[File:Anthem of Kemerovo Oblast (Russia, Short Version).ogg]]}}
| anthem_ref = <ref name="Anthem">Official website of the Council of People's Deputies of Kemerovo Oblast. [http://www.sndko.ru/section/21.html Anthem of Kemerovo Oblast] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622162323/http://www.sndko.ru/section/21.html |date=June 22, 2013 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
| political_status = Oblast
| political_status_link = Oblasts of Russia
| federal_district = [[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]]
| economic_region = [[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
| adm_ctr_type = Administrative center
| adm_ctr_name = [[Kemerovo]]
| adm_ctr_name_ref = <ref name="Charter2" />
| pop_2021census = {{decrease}} 2600923
| pop_2021census_rank = 16th
| urban_pop_2021census = 86.5%
| rural_pop_2021census = 13.5%
| pop_2021census_ref = <ref name=2021census>{{cite web |title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]] |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
| pop_latest = 2724990
| pop_latest_date = January 2015
| pop_latest_ref = <ref name="2015Est">Kemerovo Oblast Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://kemerovostat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/kemerovostat/resources/3ff9a5804351eba5bc0dfd74665da2b8/%D0%9A%D0%9E.htm Численность населения Кемеровской области на начало года] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022175241/http://kemerovostat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/kemerovostat/resources/3ff9a5804351eba5bc0dfd74665da2b8/%D0%9A%D0%9E.htm |date=October 22, 2017 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
| area_km2 = 95725
| area_km2_rank = 34th
| established_date = January&nbsp;26, 1943
| established_date_ref = <ref name="Charter2" />
| license_plates = 42, 142
| ISO = RU-KEM
| gov_as_of = April 2018
| leader_title = [[Governor of Kemerovo Oblast|Governor]]
| leader_title_ref = <ref name="HeadLegis">Charter of Kemerovo Oblast, Article&nbsp;9</ref>
| leader_name = [[Ilya Seredyuk]]
| leader_name_ref =
| legislature = [[Legislative Assembly of Kemerovo Oblast|Legislative Assembly]]
| legislature_ref = <ref name="HeadLegis" />
| website = http://www.ako.ru
}}
'''Kemerovo Oblast''' ({{langx|ru|Ке́меровская о́бласть|Kemerovskaya oblast'}}, {{IPA|ru|ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ}}), also known as '''Kuzbass''' ({{langx|ru|Кузба́сс}}, {{IPA|ru|kʊzˈbas}}),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kuzbass85.ru/2019/03/27/kemerovskaya-oblast-ofitsialno-stala-kuzbassom/ |title=Кемеровская область официально стала Кузбассом » Кузбасс главное |date=March 27, 2019 |language=ru-RU |access-date=2020-01-29 |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129134926/http://kuzbass85.ru/2019/03/27/kemerovskaya-oblast-ofitsialno-stala-kuzbassom/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> after the [[Kuznetsk Basin]], is a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]] (an [[oblast]]). [[Kemerovo]] is the [[administrative center]] and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly [[Russians|Russian]], but native [[Shors]] and [[Siberian Tatars|Kalmak Siberian Tatars]] also live in the oblast, along with [[Ukrainians]], [[Volga Tatars]], and [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]]. The population recorded during the [[2021 Russian census|2021 Census]] was&nbsp;2,600,923.

==Geography==
Kemerovo Oblast is located in southwestern [[Siberia]], where the [[West Siberian Plain]] meets the [[South Siberian Mountains]]. The oblast, which covers an area of {{convert|95500|km2|sp=us}},<ref name="Area">{{cite web |url=http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm |title=Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (''Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation'') |access-date=2011-11-01 |author=Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) |date=2004-05-21 |work=Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) |publisher=Federal State Statistics Service |language=Russian}}</ref> shares a border with [[Tomsk Oblast]] in the north, [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] and the [[Republic of Khakassia]] in the east, the [[Altai Republic]] in the south, and with [[Novosibirsk Oblast]] and [[Altai Krai]] in the west.
[[Verkhny Zub]] peak, the highest point of the oblast, is located in the eastern border.<ref name="GЕ">[[Google Earth]]</ref>

===Climate===
The [[climate]] of the oblast is continental: [[winter]]s are cold and long, [[summer]]s are warm, but short. The average January temperature ranges from {{convert|-17|to|-20|C}}, the average in July is {{convert|17|to|18|C}}. Average annual [[precipitation]] ranges from {{cvt|300|mm|sp=us}} on the plains and the foothills of up to {{cvt|1000|mm|sp=us}} or more in mountainous areas. The duration of the frost-free period is 100&nbsp;days in the north area, and up to 120&nbsp;days in the south of the Kuznetsk Basin.

===Environment===
The environmental conditions in Kuznetsk Basin are heavily influenced by the regional industrial activities, especially, by coal mining. The report about the environmental conditions in Kemerovo region from 2014 indicated that there are more than 20 thousand of enterprises, emitting more than 250 types of atmospheric pollutants,<ref name=":0">{{cite report |date=2015 |title=Report about the environmental conditions in Kemerovo region in 2014 |url=http://kuzbasseco.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/NEW_DOKLAD-2014.pdf |publisher=Administration of Kemerovo region}}</ref> where most urban areas with the worst air quality are located in the Kuznetsk Basin: Novokuznetsk, Mezhdurechensk, Myski, Kaltan, Polysaevo, Belovo and Leninsk-Kuznetskiy.<ref name=":0" />

Atmospheric pollution is apparent over Kuznetsk Basin as major regional long-term tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> anomaly was identified over the region in 2006-2020 years.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Labzovskii |first1=Lev D. |last2=Belikov |first2=Dmitry A. |last3=Damiani |first3=Alessandro |date=2022-07-22 |title=Spaceborne NO<sub>2</sub> observations are sensitive to coal mining and processing in the largest coal basin of Russia |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=12597 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-16850-8 |pmid=35869177 |pmc=9307612 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1212597L |s2cid=250989836 |issn=2045-2322 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The anomaly was driven primarily by coal mining and processing activities in the region, being exacerbated by the regional topography, favorable for accumulation of atmospheric pollutants and metal production in Novokuznetsk. Unlike other Siberian cities, where atmospheric concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> has been decreasing in recent years, the concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> is increasing in the cities of the Kuznetsk Basin due to the increasing coal production in the region.<ref name=":1" />

==History==
The oblast was established on January&nbsp;26, 1943,<ref name="Charter2">Charter of Kemerovo Oblast, Article&nbsp;2</ref> but it has considerably older antecedents. [[Shors]], [[Teleuts]] and [[Siberian Tatars]] are native peoples of the region. The oldest city in Kemerovo Oblast is [[Novokuznetsk]], founded in 1618, soon after [[Cossack]] [[ataman]] [[Yermak Timofeyevich|Yermak]]'s push into Siberia.

The territory of modern Kemerovo Oblast has been inhabited for several thousand years. In 1618, [[Kuznetsk fort]] was established in the south of the future oblast to protect the land from Russian and Mongolian [[Dzungar people|Dzhungarian]] invaders. During the 19th century, the territory of the modern oblast was a part of [[Tomsk Governorate]].

===Soviet period===
After the [[October Revolution]] of 1917, Kuzbass experienced significant strife as part of the [[Russian Civil War]]. A [[Peasant rebellion of Sorokino|major peasant rebellion]] took place in the region in early 1921, but was suppressed by the [[Red Army]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://visit-kuzbass.ru/en/chto-posetit/dostoprimechatelnosti/pamyatniki/240-bratskaya-mogila-krasnoarmeycev-uk.html |title=Common Grave of Red Army Soldiers |work=Kemerovo Oblast |access-date=20 July 2019 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803024001/http://visit-kuzbass.ru/en/chto-posetit/dostoprimechatelnosti/pamyatniki/240-bratskaya-mogila-krasnoarmeycev-uk.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1930, Kuzbass became part of the [[West Siberian Krai]], and then the [[Novosibirsk Oblast]]. Post revolutionary period was characterized by the transition to a planned economy, the creation of the Ural-Kuzbass industrial complex development of the coal, metallurgical and chemical industries Kuzbass Kemerovo Coke built, Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine, a lot of new mines. Industrial enterprises are being built near the workers' settlements, which quickly became a city: Kiselevsk Osinniki Krasnobrodsky, Tashtagol Kaltan Mezhdurechensk and others.

During the [[Great Patriotic War]], Kemerovo region became a major supplier of coal and metal. From Novokuznetsk steel produced over 50,000 tanks and 45,000 aircraft. In Kuzbass from the occupied areas were evacuated equipment 71 enterprises, most of which have remained in the Kuzbass.

In January&nbsp;26, 1943, the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet|Presidium]] of the [[USSR Supreme Soviet]] issued a decree, decided to allocate from the Novosibirsk Oblast of Kuzbass and the establishment on its territory of Kemerovo region with administrative center in the city of Kemerovo. In the new Oblast included 17.5% of the Novosibirsk region, 9 of the 12 cities of regional subordination, 17 of the 20 workers' settlements, 23 of the 75 districts. The population of the Kemerovo Oblast was 42% of the total population of the Novosibirsk Oblast.

[[Aeroflot Flight 593]] crashed into a mountain range in the Kemerovo Oblast in 1994.

==Politics==
[[File:Kemerovo Soviet Square.jpg|thumb|Building of the Oblast Government]]

During the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Kemerovo CPSU Committee (who in reality had the highest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). After the abolition of Article 6 of the Constitution of the USSR in March 1990, the CPSU lost its monopoly on power. The head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected [[Regional parliaments of Russia|regional parliament]].

The Charter of Kemerovo Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Kemerovo Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the [[Constitution of Russia]].

==Administrative divisions==
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Kemerovo Oblast}}

==Economy==

The northern area of the region is more agricultural. The region has a dense railway network, including the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]], which passes through the oblast. Novokuznetsk is the center of the engineering industry.

Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most important industrial regions, with some of the world's largest deposits of coal. The south of the region is dominated by [[metallurgy]] and the [[mining]] industry, as well as [[mechanical engineering]] and chemical production.

The [[Evraz Group]] and an ore subsidiary Evrazruda operate [[iron ore]] mining and processing facilities along with the [[Raspadskaya coal mine|Raspadskaya]], Yuzhkuzbassugol, the Siberian holding company [[SIBPLAZ]]. Coal and [[coke (fuel)|coking coal]] mines are located there. Prokopevsk, Kiselevsk, and Andzhero-Sudzhensk are coal-producing centers.
The [[Zhernovskoye coal mine]] has reserves amounting to 163 million tonnes of coking coal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ara2010.nlmk.com/performance_review/coke_coal.html |title=Zhernovskoye Coal Mine |year=2013 |publisher=nlmk.com |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> In November 2021, the [[Listvyazhnaya mine disaster]] took place, in which many people were trapped.

==Honors==
A [[minor planet]] [[2140 Kemerovo]] discovered in 1970 by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] astronomer [[Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova]] is named after Kemerovo Oblast.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schmadel |first=Lutz D. |title=Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |page=173 |edition=5th |year=2003 |publisher=Springer Verlag |location=New York |isbn=3-540-00238-3}}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Kuzbass.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy at birth in Kuzbass]]{{Historical populations|7=1959|8=2785872|9=1970|10=2918353|11=1979|12=2958066|13=1989|14=3176335|15=2002|16=2899142|17=2010|18=2763135|19=2021|20=2600923|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}'''Population''': {{ru-census|p2021=2,600,923|p2010=2,763,135|p2002=2,899,142|p1989=3,176,335}}

'''Vital statistics for 2024:<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2025 |title=Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов российской федерации за декабрь 2024 года |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/EDN_12-2024.htm |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=Rosstat}}</ref>'''
* Births: 17,198 (6.8 per 1,000)
* Deaths: 37,058 (14.6 per 1,000)

'''Total fertility rate (2024):<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-25 |title=Рейтинг рождаемости в регионах: кто в лидерах, а кто в аутсайдерах {{!}} Москва |url=https://fedpress.ru/article/3365231 |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=ФедералПресс |language=ru-RU}}</ref>'''<br />
1.17 children per woman

'''Life expectancy (2021):'''<ref name="rosstat">{{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |title=Демографический ежегодник России |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |access-date=2022-06-01 |language=ru |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia}}</ref>  <br />
Total — 67.61 years (male&nbsp;— 62.80, female&nbsp;— 72.37)

'''Ethnic composition (2010):'''<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
* [[Russians]] - 93.7%
* [[Tatars]] - 1.5%
* [[Ukrainians in Russia|Ukrainians]] - 0.8%
* [[Germans in Russia|Germans]] - 0.9%
* others - 1.5%
* 55,899 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.<ref>[http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 Перепись-2010: русских становится больше] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225111852/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |date=December 25, 2018 }}. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.</ref>

===Settlements===
{{Largest cities
| country      = Kemerovo Oblast
| stat_ref     = 2010 Russian Census
| list_by_pop  =
| div_name     =
| div_link     = Administrative divisions of Kemerovo Oblast{{!}}Administrative Division
| city_1 = Novokuznetsk
| div_1 = Novokuznetsk{{!}}City of oblast significance of Novokuznetsk
| pop_1 = 547,904
| img_1 = Views of Novokuznetsk 2015-06-12.JPG
| city_2 = Kemerovo
| div_2 = Kemerovo{{!}}City of oblast significance of Kemerovo
| pop_2 = 532,981
| img_2 = Kemerovo1.jpg
| city_3 = Prokopyevsk
| div_3 = Prokopyevsk{{!}}City of oblast significance of Prokopyevsk
| pop_3 = 210,130
| img_3 = Пешеходная аллея - panoramio.jpg
| city_4 = Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo Oblast{{!}}Mezhdurechensk
| div_4 = Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo Oblast{{!}}City of oblast significance of Mezhdurechensk
| pop_4 = 101,678
| img_4 = Mezhdurechensk.jpg
| city_5 = Leninsk-Kuznetsky (city){{!}}Leninsk-Kuznetsky
| div_5 = Leninsk-Kuznetsky (city){{!}}City of oblast significance of Leninsk-Kuznetsky
| pop_5 = 101,666
| city_6 = Kiselyovsk
| div_6 = Kiselyovsk{{!}}Town of oblast significance of Kiselyovsk
| pop_6 = 98,365
| city_7 = Yurga
| div_7 = Yurga{{!}}Town of oblast significance of Yurga
| pop_7 = 81,533
| city_8 = Belovo, Kemerovo Oblast{{!}}Belovo
| div_8 = Belovo, Kemerovo Oblast{{!}}Town of oblast significance of Belovo
| pop_8 = 76,764
| city_9 = Anzhero-Sudzhensk
| div_9 = Anzhero-Sudzhensk{{!}}Town of oblast significance of Anzhero-Sudzhensk
| pop_9 = 76,646
| city_10 = Beryozovsky, Kemerovo Oblast{{!}}Beryozovsky
| div_10 = Beryozovsky, Kemerovo Oblast{{!}}Town of oblast significance of Beryozovsky
| pop_10 = 47,279
}}

===Religion===
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Kemerovo Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.</ref><ref name="2012Arena-religion-maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].</ref>
|float=right
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]]|DarkOrchid|34.1}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]|MediumOrchid|1}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Christianity in Russia|Christians]]|DeepSkyBlue|7.7}}
{{Bar percent|[[Islam in Russia|Islam]]|Green|1}}
{{Bar percent|[[Rodnovery]] and other native faiths|Red|2.6}}
{{Bar percent|[[Spiritual but not religious]]|DarkSlateGray|30.5}}
{{Bar percent|[[Atheism]] and [[irreligion]]|Black|16.9}}
{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|6.2}}
}}

As of a 2012 survey<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/> 34.1% of the population of Kemerovo Oblast adheres to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], 7% declares to be [[nondenominational Christianity|nondenominational Christian]] (excluding the Protestant churches), 3% are members of [[Rodnovery]], the Slavic folk religion, 1% are either believers of Orthodox Christianity not belonging to any church or members of other (non-Russian) [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox churches]], 1% are [[Muslim]]s, 5.9% are followers of other religion or people who did not give an answer to the survey. In addition, 31% of the population declares to be "[[spiritual but not religious]]" and 17% to be [[atheism|atheist]].<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/>
{{clear}}

==See also==
* {{portal-inline|Russia}}
* {{portal-inline|Siberia}}
* [[Geography of South-Central Siberia]]
* [[List of Chairmen of the Council of People's Deputies of Kemerovo]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{RussiaBasicLawRef|kem}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{in lang|ru}} [https://42.xn--h1akdx.xn--80aswg/ Informational website of Kemerovo Oblast]

{{Subdivisions of Russia}}
{{Kemerovo Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2014}}

[[Category:Kemerovo Oblast| ]]
[[Category:Central Asia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1943]]
[[Category:1943 establishments in the Soviet Union]]