Editing Katwijk

{{short description|Municipality in South Holland, Netherlands}}
{{for|plantation and village in Suriname|Katwijk, Suriname}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->
| name                    = Katwijk
| other_name =
| settlement_type         = [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Katwijk overzicht vanuit de vuurbaak.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = View over [[Katwijk aan Zee]]
| image_flag              = Katwijk vlag.svg
| flag_size               = 100x67px
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Coat of arms of Katwijk (municipality).svg
| shield_size             = 100x80px
| shield_alt              = 
<!-- Maps, coordinates -->
| image_map               = Map - NL - Municipality code 0537 (2009).svg
| map_alt                 = Highlighted position of Katwijk in a municipal map of South Holland
| map_caption             = Location in South Holland
| coordinates             = {{coord|52|12|N|4|25|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[South Holland]]
| government_footnotes    = <ref name="mayor_now">{{cite web
 |url = http://www.katwijk.nl/gemeente-en-burgerzaken/burgemeester-en-wethouders/samenstelling0/
 |title = Samenstelling
 |trans-title = Composition
 |language = nl
 |publisher = Gemeente Katwijk
 |access-date = 31 July 2013
 |archive-date = 29 April 2016
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160429061829/http://www.katwijk.nl/gemeente-en-burgerzaken/burgemeester-en-wethouders/samenstelling0/
 |url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
| governing_body          = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]]
| leader_party            = [[Christian Democratic Appeal|CDA]]
| leader_title            = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]]
| leader_name             = [[Cornelis Visser]]
<!-- Geographic information -->
| unit_pref               = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref>
<!-- square kilometers -->
| area_total_km2          = {{Dutch municipality total area|Katwijk}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Dutch municipality land area|Katwijk}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Dutch municipality water area|Katwijk}}
| elevation_footnotes     = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool 
 |title=Postcodetool for 2224EW 
 |language=nl 
 |work=Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland 
 |publisher=Het Waterschapshuis 
 |access-date=31 July 2013 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053543/http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool 
 |archive-date=21 September 2013 
}}</ref>
| elevation_m             = 5
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m         =
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m         =
<!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref>
| population_total        = 65,929
| population_as_of        = 1 August 2020
| population_density_km2  = {{Dutch municipality population density|Katwijk}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto-->
| population_demonym      = Katwijker
<!-- Other information -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code             = 2220–2239
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code               = 071
| website                 = {{URL|1=http://www.katwijk.nl}}
| footnotes               =
}}
[[Image:Katwijk-plaats-OpenTopo.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Dutch Topographic map of Katwijk (urban area), March 2014]]
[[File:Katwijk - Cycling on the boulevard on a sunny day.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Coastal boulevard in Katwijk]]
'''Katwijk''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈkɑtʋɛik|-|Nl-Katwijk.ogg}}) is a coastal municipality and town in the province of [[South Holland]], which is situated in the mid-western part of the [[Netherlands]].

The [[Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland)|Oude Rijn]] ("Old Rhine") river flows through the town and into the [[North Sea]].
 
Katwijk is located on the [[North Sea]], northwest of [[Leiden]] and 16&nbsp;km north of [[The Hague]]. It shares its borders with the municipalities of [[Noordwijk]], [[Teylingen]], [[Oegstgeest]], [[Leiden]], and [[Wassenaar]].

In August 2020, Katwijk had a population of 65,929 and covers an area of {{convert|{{Dutch municipality total area|Katwijk}}|km2|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|{{Dutch municipality water area|Katwijk}}|km2|abbr=on}} is water.

Katwijk is by far the largest town in the [[Duin- en Bollenstreek]] ("Dune and Bulb Region").

==Districts==
The town consists of a number of districts, including namesakes Katwijk aan den Rijn and Katwijk aan Zee. On 1 January 2005 the various districts had the following populations:

:*[[Katwijk aan den Rijn]] (5,916)
:*[[Katwijk aan Zee]] (22,405)
:*[[Katwijk-Noord]] (13,845)
:*[[Rijnsburg]] (15,450)
:*[[Valkenburg, South Holland|Valkenburg]] (3,904)

Lying on the coast, Katwijk aan Zee is (and has always been) the larger town. Katwijk aan den Rijn lies just slightly inland. Rijnsburg is situated east of Katwijk aan den Rijn whereas Valkenburg finds itself to the south. Katwijk-Noord is situated north of Katwijk aan Zee.

Although consisting of historically separate towns (except Katwijk-Noord) that still today maintain separate identities, the towns have more or less grown together and merged into a single conurbation. The creation of the municipality of Katwijk is a recognition of that fact. The town hall of the current municipality of Katwijk is located in Katwijk aan den Rijn, near the boundary of Katwijk aan Zee. All these districts lie along the [[Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland)|Oude Rijn]].

==History==
[[Image:Katwijk 1865.png|thumb|200px|left|Katwijk in 1865.]]
[[Image:Im Februar 1598 an der holländischen Küste gestrandeter Walfisch.jpg|thumb|257px|right|This engraving by William van der Gouwen shows a twenty-meter (70 feet) long whale, which on the third of February, 1598 was stranded on the Dutch coast between [[Scheveningen]] and Katwijk.]]
The name "Katwijk" probably has its origins in the name of a Germanic tribe called the [[Chatti|Chatten]] (Chatti). The Dutch word "''wijk''" means "area", so the name probably meant something like "the Chatti area".

In Roman times, Katwijk was a place of strategic importance. It was located at the [[Roman Empire]]'s northern border, at the mouth of the Rhine river, which in Roman times was larger in this area than it is today. There was a good deal of traffic along the Rhine. Katwijk was also a jumping-off point for the voyage to Britain.

Built during the reign of [[Claudius|Emperor Claudius]] (41-54), the town's name was ''[[Lugdunum Batavorum]]''.  The town's name was later associated with the name of the city of Leiden, but this is now thought to be incorrect.

In 1231, the first reference to ''Catwijck'' appeared in records.

The history of the modern municipality of Katwijk is essentially the history of its constituent parts, which for each village extends back to Roman times. However, Katwijk aan Zee, Katwijk aan den Rijn and Valkenburg were part of the same [[heerlijkheid]] called "Beide de Katwijken en 't Zand" (or something similar). They have been administratively joined for centuries despite their differing characters. Katwijk aan Zee was a fishing town and Katwijk aan den Rijn had an agricultural character.

During World War II, Katwijk aan Zee was heavily damaged. On 1 May 1942 beach access was no longer permitted and large scale evacuation took place. From October 1943 houses were demolished as part of the construction of the [[Atlantic Wall]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://home.vianetworks.nl/users/harff/oorlogsboek/kw.htm |title=Katwijk 1940 – 1945 van dag tot dag |access-date=2008-07-24 |archive-date=2021-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022090408/http://home.vianetworks.nl/users/harff/oorlogsboek/kw.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 1 January 2006, [[Rijnsburg]] and [[Valkenburg (South Holland)|Valkenburg]] were also merged into the municipality, it's called nowadays Katwijk.

==Public transportation==
[[File:Blauwe Tram motorwagen A 106 Katwijk 2015.JPG|thumb|257px|right|NZH ''Blue tram'' at the Rijnstraat on a celebrational heritage service, over 60 years after the abolishment of the interlocal tramway in and around Katwijk.]]
Katwijk is a larger town in the Netherlands without a railway station, and the largest without any railway connection. The nearest railway stations are Voorhout and Leiden. Katwijk is connected by bus with [[Noordwijk]], [[Leiden]], [[The Hague]] and [[Lisse]]. The public transport by bus is served by [[Arriva]].
As of 9 December 2012 new buslines came to Katwijk. In December 2023 Q-Buzz is going to take over the buslines in Katwijk.

Between 2019 and 2023 a lot changed in Katwijk and Leiden. A quick bus line from Katwijk to Leiden, a Q-Liner, numbers 430 and 431, drive from Leiden to Katwijk aan Zee (Boulevard-South) and the other (430) goes to the space agency [[European Space Research and Technology Centre|ESTEC]], and returns to Leiden after a short stop. It took years to make the Ir. Tjalmaweg (a part of the N206), a double two-sided road. See here:

=== Bus transportation ===
* Bus 430/432 - Travels from Noordwijk ESTEC (very close to Katwijk, outside built-up areas in Noordwijk) via the Biltlaan and Zeeweg and [[N206]] to Leiden Centraal. During the day, this bus departs every 15 minutes in every direction.

* Bus 431 - Travels from Katwijk Boulevard-South via Vuurbaak, Boulevard, Tramstraat and Zeeweg to the N206 to Leiden, where it ends at the railway station. During the day, this bus departs every 15 minutes (every 10 minutes during morning rush hour).

* Bus 35 - Local bus service, running from Duinvallei to Unmanned Valley (centre for asylum seekers)

* Bus 38 - Travels from Katwijk Raadhuis via Kon. Julianalaan and Zanderij through [[Valkenburg, South Holland|Valkenburg]] to Leiden Centraal, once an hour.

* Bus 90 - Travels from [[Lisse]], [[Noordwijkerhout]], [[Noordwijk]], Katwijk, Rijnsburg, Oegstgeest to Leiden Centraal, twice an hour. Buses on this route have been converted to allow bicycles to be brought onto the bus. Bus 90 took over the route from bus 37 (Katwijk to Leiden and back)

* Q-liner 385 - Q-liner 385 travels from [[Sassenheim railway station]], via Katwijk to [[Den Haag Centraal railway station|The Hague Central railway station]].

Additionally, Rijnsburg and the far northeastern part of Katwijk-Noord are served by bus 20 and 21, running between Noordwijk and Leiden. Peak hour buses connect industrial zones with surrounding municipalities.

== Sport ==
The town has multiple [[association football|football]] clubs: [[VV Katwijk]], [[Quick Boys]] and [[Rijnsburgse Boys]] are all semi-professional [[Tweede Divisie]] clubs, whereas [[FC Rijnvogels]] and [[Valken '68]] are amateur club playing further down the [[Dutch football league system|league pyramid]].

[[Grasshoppers Katwijk]], are a [[basketball]] club established in 1971, playsling its home games at [[Cleijn Duin]]. Its women's team plays in the [[Vrouwen Basketball League|VBL]], the domestic first tier, whereas the men's team plays in the [[Promotiedivisie]], the domestic second tier.

== Notable people ==
[[File:Esther Ouwehand (cropped).jpg|140px|thumb|Esther Ouwehand, 2010]]
[[File:Jaap van Duijn.png|140px|thumb|Jaap van Duijn, 2011]]
* [[Charley Toorop]] (1891 in Katwijk –  1955) a Dutch painter and lithographer
* [[Esther Ouwehand]] (born 1976 in Katwijk) a politician, parliamentarian for the [[Party for the Animals]]

=== Sport ===
* [[Willem Driebergen]] (1892 in Katwijk aan Zee – 1965) a Dutch fencer, competed in the individual and team épée events at the [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928]] and [[1936 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Cees de Vreugd]], (1952 in Katwijk – 1998) a butcher, strongman and powerlifter
* [[Jan Siemerink]] (born 1970 in Rijnsburg) a retired tennis player
* [[Petra Grimbergen]] (born 1970 in Rijnsburg) a female road and track racing cyclist, competed at the [[1992 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Jeffrey Talan]] (born 1971 in Katwijk) a former professional Dutch international footballer with over 250 club caps
* [[Marcus van Teijlingen]] (born 1973 in Rijnsburg) a Dutch dance instructor and professional Latin-American dancer
* [[Dirk Kuyt]] (born 1980 in Katwijk) a Dutch former professional footballer with 636 club caps
* [[Petra Hogewoning]] (born 1986 in Rijnsburg) a Dutch retired football defender
* [[Nick Driebergen]] (born 1987 in Rijnsburg) a Dutch former backstroke swimmer, competed at the [[2012 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Jaap van Duijn]] (born 1990 in Katwijk) a Dutch football striker
* [[Dirk van Duijvenbode]] (born 1992 in Katwijk aan Zee) a Dutch [[Professional Darts Corporation]] player
* [[Arno Kamminga]] (born 1995 in Katwijk) a Dutch breaststroke swimmer, competed at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]]

=== Popular culture ===
*The fictional operator 'Iana' from the game [[Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege]] is from Katwijk<ref>[https://www.ubisoft.com/en-gb/game/rainbow-six/siege/game-info/operators/iana Iana Overview - Ubisoft Website]</ref>

==Tourist attractions==
Katwijk is a seaside resort with a wide sandy beach. Its attractiveness is mainly due to its laid-back atmosphere. The boulevard along the shore is not spoiled by large hotels or apartment blocks and has not given in to an excessive commercialisation. Although most buildings lining the boulevard are tourist apartments and pensions, most are just three floors high (and none more than five) and offer a distinctive 'feel' of the 1950s. Besides the beach, there are a few museums in Katwijk, like the old fisherman's museum [[Katwijks Museum]] and the [[Spinoza]]-museum. A few kilometers inland is the [[Stoomtrein Valkenburgse Meer|Valkenburg Lake Steam Train]], a [[narrow gauge railways|narrow-gauge]] railway museum where a scenic [[steam locomotive]] driven train ride can be taken around Lake Valkenburg. Katwijk has many hotels and three camping places, mostly situated in the [[dune]]s.

==Twin towns==
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|North Macedonia}} [[Ohrid]], [[North Macedonia]]
||
* {{flagicon|DE}} [[Siegen]], [[Westphalia]], [[Germany]]
|}

==Image gallery==
<gallery>
File:Katwijk overzicht vanuit de vuurbaak.jpg| View from the lighthouse 
File:Boulevard Katwijk aan Zee 2.jpg| South boulevard 
File:Prins Hendrikkanaal (haven) Katwijk.jpg| Prins Hendrikkade 
File:Katwijk - Cycling on the boulevard on a sunny day.jpg| Boulevard near the towncenter. 
File:Katwijk aan Zee, Koninginneweg, Netherlands - panoramio (1).jpg| Koninginneweg
File:Afbraak, evacuatie en wederopbouw, Netherlands - Katwijk.jpg|Monument in remembrance of the partial demolition and evacuation of Katwijk during World War II.
Image:Tram met museum op achtergrond.jpg|Steam tram at tramstop Valkenburgse Meer, with narrow gauge museum at the background
Image:Turfmarkt Katwijk.jpg|''Old Rhine'' with Turfmarkt square at the background 
</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
{{Wikivoyage|Katwijk}}
*[http://www.katwijk.nl Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070714053539/http://home.versatel.nl/van.duijvenbode/en/geschkw.htm History of Katwijk]

<!--Please note that not all directions need to be filled-->
<!--Please note that preferably only neighboring municipalities or bodies of water should be used-->
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Katwijk
|North     = [[Noordwijk]]
|Northeast = [[Teylingen]]
|East      = [[Oegstgeest]]
|Southeast = [[Leiden]]
|South     = [[Wassenaar]]
|Southwest = 
|West      = ''[[North Sea]]''
|Northwest = 
}}

{{South Holland Province}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Katwijk| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of South Holland]]
[[Category:Populated places in South Holland]]
[[Category:Germania Inferior]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in the Netherlands]]