Editing Kartuzy

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kartuzy
| native_name = {{native name|csb|Kartëzë}}
| image_skyline = Kartuzy.jpg
| imagesize = 
| image_caption = Kartuzy from a bird's-eye view
| image_flag = POL Kartuzy flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Kartuzy COA.svg
| pushpin_label = Kartuzy
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Pomeranian Voivodeship|name=Pomeranian}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kartuzy County|Kartuzy]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Kartuzy|Kartuzy]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Mieczysław Gołuński
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1381
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1923
| area_total_km2 = 6.23
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_total = 15263
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|54|20|N|18|12|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m = 42
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 83-300
| area_code = +48 58
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = GKA
| website = {{URL|http://www.kartuzy.pl}}
}}
'''Kartuzy''' ({{IPA|pl|karˈtuzɨ|lang|pl-Kartuzy.ogg}}; {{langx|csb|Kartuzë}}, {{lang|csb|Kartëzë}} or {{lang|csb|Kartuzé}};<ref>{{cite web|title=Lista gmin wpisanych na podstawie art. 12 ustawy z dnia 6 stycznia 2005 r. o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych oraz o języku regionalnym (Dz. U. z 2015 r. poz. 573) do Rejestru gmin, na których obszarze używane są nazwy w języku mniejszości|url=http://mniejszosci.narodowe.mac.gov.pl/download/86/15330/ListagminwpisanychdoRejestrugminnaktorychobszarzeuzywanesanazwywjezykumniejszosc.pdf|agency=mswia.gov.pl|access-date=2016-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194158/http://mniejszosci.narodowe.mac.gov.pl/download/86/15330/ListagminwpisanychdoRejestrugminnaktorychobszarzeuzywanesanazwywjezykumniejszosc.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> former {{langx|de|Karthaus}}) is a town in northern [[Poland]], located in the historic Eastern [[Pomerania]] ([[Pomerelia]]) region. It is the capital of [[Kartuzy County]] in [[Pomeranian Voivodeship]].

==Geographical location==
Kartuzy is located about {{convert|32|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} west of [[Gdańsk]] and {{convert|35|km|mi|abbr=in}} south-east of the town of [[Lębork]] on a plateau at an altitude of approximately {{convert|200|m|0|abbr=off}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] in the average. The plateau, which is divided by the Radaune lake, comprises the highest parts of the [[Baltic Sea Plate]]. In the west of this lake are the highest points of the headwaters of rivers [[Łeba (river)|Łeba]], [[Słupia]] and Bukowina at an altitude of up to {{convert|271|m|0|abbr=off}}. A hill in the south of the lake is {{convert|331|m|0|abbr=off}} high.<ref name="MKL"/>

==History==
[[File:Kartuzy, Poland - panoramio - Oscar Arky (3).jpg|180px|left|thumb|Carthusian Church]]

Kartuzy was established about 1380 as a [[monastery]] for [[Carthusian]] monks descending from [[Prague]] in the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], after whom it received its name. The charterhouse was vested with large estates by the [[State of the Teutonic Order]]. According to the [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)|Second Peace of Thorn]] the area returned to the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] in 1466, within which it was administratively part of the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]] in the provinces of [[Royal Prussia]] and [[Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Greater Poland]].

The Carthusian monks had the nearby woodlands cleared out, and peasants from the neighbouring [[Duchy of Pomerania]] were encouraged to settle and farm in the newly cleared areas. During the course of the [[Protestant Reformation]] Kartuzy and its surrounding area were incorporated into the possessions of Cistercian [[Oliwa Abbey]] in 1565. The area was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the [[First Partition of Poland]] in 1772.

The Prussian government finally dissolved the monastery in 1826. Around that time the settlement was fairly insignificant.{{Clarify|reason=vague|date=December 2017}} It began to play a greater economic role after 1841 when the lands of the monastery were parcelled out.

From 1871 to 1920 it was also part of the [[German Empire]] and belonged to the [[Kreis Karthaus|Karthaus district]] in [[Danzig (region)|Regierungsbezirk Danzig]] in the Prussian [[West Prussia|Province of West Prussia]]. In 1894, Kartuzy, then officially ''Karthaus'', was connected to the Praust ([[Pruszcz Gdański]])-Lauenburg ([[Lębork]]) railway line of the [[Prussian state railways|Prussian State Railway]]. At the turn of the 20th century, the town had a Protestant church, a Catholic church and a synagogue. The town was appreciated as a climatic type of health resort. Many pensioners and other retired persons settled down here. According to the census of 1910, Karthuas had a population of 3,699, of which 1,937 (52.4%) were [[Germans]], 1,696 (45.9%) were [[Kashubians]] and 50 (1.4%) were [[Polish people|Poles]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Landesamt|first=Prussia (Kingdom) Statistisches|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tJdPhIkLJ7AC&pg=RA1-PA26|title=Gemeindelexikon für die regierungsbezirke Allenstein, Danzig, Marienwerder, Posen, Bromberg und Oppeln: Auf grund der ergebnisse der volkszählung vom. 1. Dezember 1910 und anderer amtlicher quellen bearbeitet vom Königlich Preussischen Statistischen Landesamte|date=1912|publisher=verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Landesamts|language=de}}</ref>

When after [[World War I]] the regulations of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] became effective in 1920, Kartuzy was reintegrated into the re-established [[Second Polish Republic|Polish Republic]] where it was the seat of the Kartuzy County within the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]] and in 1923 it was granted [[town rights]].

After the [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]], Kartuzy was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied by Germany]], where it was administered as part of the newly formed province of [[Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia]], Regierungsbezirk Danzig. In mid-September 1939 the [[SS Heimwehr Danzig#The SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann"|SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann"]] and ''[[Einsatzkommando]] 16'' entered the town to carry out mass arrests and massacres of local [[Polish people|Poles]] as part of the ''[[Intelligenzaktion Pommern]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|pages=106–107}}</ref> Around 4,000 Poles from Kartuzy and the county were arrested in September 1939.<ref name=mw>Wardzyńska, p. 107</ref> That same month, many local pre-war Polish activists, as well as railway, post and court employees, were murdered in massacres in the forests in [[Gmina Somonino]] and at the Wzgórze Wolności, while 10 Polish priests were murdered in the forest near Kartuzy (see: ''[[Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland]]'').<ref name=mw/> Dozens of Poles from Kartuzy, including local officials, teachers, merchants, postmen, restaurateurs, policemen were murdered in October and November 1939 in the nearby forest and in [[massacres in Piaśnica|Piaśnica]].<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 146-147, 154</ref> Poles from the village of [[Egiertowo]] were also murdered in the Kartuzy forest.<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 155</ref> At the end of [[World War II]] Kartuzy was captured by the [[Red Army]] and afterwards it was restored to Poland.

Kartuzy has long been a cultural center of the [[Kashubians]]. Since 1947 a Kashubian Museum has featured numerous exhibits connected to [[Kashubia]] and its inhabitants. The town has also set up a [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] to honor Dr. [[Aleksander Majkowski]], author of [[The Life and Adventures of Remus]], who practiced medicine in Kartuzy for a time and is buried here. In 2010, the [[Kashubian Unity Day]] was held here. On March 28, 2010, after the [[Holy Mass]] in the fourteenth-century collegiate church, Kashubes in colorful regional costumes with black-and-yellow flags passed through the streets to the Team of Schools No. 2 for Wybicki's Estate where the main celebrations were held.

The town was administratively part of the [[Gdańsk Voivodeship (1975–1998)|Gdańsk Voivodeship]] from 1975 to 1998.

==Coat of arms==
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=370 |header=Selected sights of Kartuzy
| image1 = Plac w Kartuzach.jpg
| image2 = Kartuzy, klasztor, refektarz, widok od zach..JPG
| image3 = Muzeum Kaszubskie,Kaschubisches Museum Kartuzy.jpg
| image4 = Dom_przy_ul._Aleksandra_Majkowskiego_9_w_Kartuzach.jpg
| image5 = Kartuzy - Klasztorne lake (2).jpg
| image6 = Jezioro Klasztorne Duże, Kartuzy (6) - panoramio.jpg
| caption1 = Market square and St. Casimir's Church
| caption2 = Refectory of the Carthusian monastery
| caption3 = [[Kashubia]]n Museum
| caption4 = Home of [[Aleksander Majkowski]]
| caption5 = Klasztorne Małe Lake
| caption6 = Klasztorne Duże Lake
}}
A coat of arms for Kartuzy was designed by Dr. [[Aleksander Majkowski]] and accepted by the city council on January 31, 1923. The coat of arms depicts a black [[Kashubia]]n [[Griffin]] and seven silver stars on a blue background.

==Population by year==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Number
! Remarks
|-
| 1831 || align="right" | more than 400
|-
| 1869 || align="right" | 1,765
|-
| 1875 || align="right" | 1,975
|-
| 1880 || align="right" | 2,179
|-
| 1885 || align="right" | 2,300
|-
| 1890 || align="right" | 2,351
|-
| 1895 || align="right" | 2,377
|-
| 1900 || align="right" | 2,642
|-
| 1921 || align="right" | 3,800
|-
| 1943 || align="right" | 6,024
|-
| 1960 || align="right" | 7,900
|-
| 1970 || align="right" | 10,600
|-
| 1975 || align="right" | 11,600
|-
| 1980 || align="right" | 12,000
|-
| 1998 || align="right" | 16,100
|-
| 2004 || align="right" | 15,472
|-
| 2009 || align="right" | 14,951
|}

*Note that the above table is based on primary, possibly inaccurate or biased sources.<ref name="MKL" >''Meyers Konversations-Lexikon'', 6th edition, Vol. 10, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 688.</ref><ref>August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde'', Königsberg 1835, [https://books.google.com/books?id=L_sAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA391 p. 391].</ref><ref>''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 9, Leipzig 1931, p. 755.</ref><ref name="VWG">Michael Rademacher: ''[http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/dan_karthaus.html Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Westpreußen, Kreis Karthaus]'' (2006)</ref>

==Sports==
The local football club is [[Cartusia Kartuzy]], founded in 1923. It competes in the lower leagues.

== Notable people ==
[[File:Andrzej Wroński.JPG|140px|thumb|Andrzej Wronski]]
* [[Aleksander Majkowski]] (1876–1938), writer, poet, journalist, editor, activist and physician
* [[Jan Rompsczi]] (1913–1969), activist, poet, writer, journalist and ethnographer
* [[Zenon Kitowski]] (born 1962), clarinet player
* [[Andrzej Wroński]] (born 1965), Greco-Roman style wrestler, gold medallist at the [[1988 Summer Olympics|1988]] and [[1996 Summer Olympics]], carried the flag at the opening ceremony of the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] 
* [[Wojciech Kasperski]] (born 1981), screenwriter, film director and producer
* [[Piotr Chrapkowski]] (born 1988), handball player
* [[Angelika Cichocka]] (born 1988), middle-distance athlete
* [[Martyna Byczkowska]] (born 1995), actress
* [[Szymon Sajnok]] (born 1997), road and track cyclist

[[File:Kartuzy (Kartuzë), Gdańska 10 - fotopolska.eu (236848).jpg|thumb|Gdańsk Street]]

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Kartuzy is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Caissargues]], France
||
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Duderstadt]], Germany
|}

==External links==
{{commons category|Kartuzy}}
*[http://www.kartuzy.pl/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120424225250/http://www.kartuzy-pradzieje.pl/ History]
*[http://www.kartuzy.info/ Website about Kartuzy]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kartuzy County}}
{{Gmina Kartuzy}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pomeranian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Kartuzy County]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1380s]]