Editing Kakigōri

{{Short description|Japanese shaved ice dessert}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Japanese words and phrases]]}}
{{Infobox food
| name             = ''Kakigōri''
| image            = File:Macha kakigori snow cone.jpg
| image_size       = 250
| caption          = ''Kakigōri'' with green tea flavor
| alternate_name   = 
| country          = [[Japan]]
| region           = 
| creator          = 
| course           = [[Dessert]]
| type             = [[Shaved ice]]
| served           = 
| main_ingredient  = [[Ice]], [[syrup]], [[condensed milk]] or [[evaporated milk]]
| variations       = ''[[kakigōri#Shirokuma|Shirokuma]]''
| calories         = 
| other            = 
}}
[[Image:Kakigori.jpg|right|thumb|''Kakigōri'']]
{{nihongo|'''''Kakigōri'''''|かき氷}} is a Japanese [[shaved ice]] dessert flavored with [[syrup]] and a sweetener, often [[condensed milk]].<ref name=shimmeikai>新明解国語辞典（第6版）、三省堂</ref>

==History==
The origins of ''kakigōri'' date back to the [[Heian period]] in Japanese history, when blocks of ice saved during the colder months would be shaved and served with sweet syrup to Japanese aristocracy during the summer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3023286/nice-ice-baby-whats-those-pricey-kakigori-shaved-ice-desserts|title=Nice ice, baby: what's in those pricier Japanese shaved ice desserts|date=2019-08-18|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522050531/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3023286/nice-ice-baby-whats-those-pricey-kakigori-shaved-ice-desserts|url-status=live}}</ref> Kakigōri's origin is referred to in ''[[The Pillow Book]]'', a book of observations written by [[Sei Shōnagon]], who served the Imperial Court during the Heian period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Pillow_Book/|title=The Pillow Book|website=[[World History Encyclopedia]]|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413143109/https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Pillow_Book/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.staradvertiser.com/2019/09/26/news/natural-ice-becoming-popular-source-for-shaved-frozen-treat/|title=Natural ice becoming popular source for shaved frozen treat|first1=Nao|last1=Yako|date=2019-09-26|website=Honolulu Star-Advertiser|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-09|archive-date=2022-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817024609/https://www.staradvertiser.com/2019/09/26/news/natural-ice-becoming-popular-source-for-shaved-frozen-treat/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kakigōri became more accessible in the 19th century, when ice became more widely available to the public during the summertime.<ref name=krishna>{{citation |last=Krishna |first=Priya |title=Kakigori Is an Ancient Frozen Japanese Specialty – Now It's America's Hottest Dessert, Too |newspaper=[[Grub Street]] |date=March 15, 2018 |url=http://www.grubstreet.com/2018/03/kakigori-pastry-chefs.html |access-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062238/http://www.grubstreet.com/2018/03/kakigori-pastry-chefs.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first kakigōri store is believed to have opened in [[Yokohama]] in 1869.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://intojapanwaraku.com/travel/17343/|title=江戸時代は半年以上かけて氷を運んでいた。清少納言も食べていた「かき氷」の深〜い歴史に迫る ｜ 和樂web 日本文化の入り口マガジン|last=進藤つばら|website=和樂web 日本文化の入り口マガジン|language=ja|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524131501/https://intojapanwaraku.com/travel/17343/|url-status=live}}</ref>

July 25 is known as kakigōri day in Japan because of its pronunciation sounding similar to summer ice in Japanese.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inhamamatsu.com/recommend/japans-kakigori.php|title=Japan's kakigori or a shaved ice dessert|website=www.inhamamatsu.com|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2019-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203836/https://www.inhamamatsu.com/recommend/japans-kakigori.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Another reasoning for July 25 being kakigōri day is because, on that day in 1933, there was a record high temperature in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.jpn.org/07/25.php|title=かき氷の日 - 今日は何の日？食べ物編|website=today.jpn.org|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2016-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802015502/http://today.jpn.org/07/25.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Description==
The traditional way of making kakigōri uses a hand [[Crank (mechanism)|cranked]] [[machine]] to spin a block of ice over a shaving blade.<ref name=rao>{{citation |last=Rao |first=Tejol |title=An Avalanche of Japanese Shave Ice |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 17, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/17/dining/kakigori-japanese-shave-ice.html?action=click&module=Editors%20Picks&pgtype=Homepage |access-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919094326/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/17/dining/kakigori-japanese-shave-ice.html?action=click&module=Editors%20Picks&pgtype=Homepage |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=krishna/> Even though electric shavers are most often used, street vendors can still be seen hand-shaving ice blocks in the summer.

Rather than flavored ice, Kakigōri is traditionally made of pure ice, in many cases, being a frozen block of mineral water. The ice used is often taken from natural springs, afterward being tempered to achieve an ideal quality for shaving.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://laist.com/2019/08/02/around_the_world_in_shave_ice_in_los_angeles.php|title=9 Kinds Of Shave Ice From Around The World — And Where To Find Them In LA|last1=Chandra|first1=Fiona|website=LAist|date=2 August 2019|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812184446/https://laist.com/2019/08/02/around_the_world_in_shave_ice_in_los_angeles.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tastingtable.com/dine/national/best-kakigori-shave-ice-nyc|title=What Is Kakigori?|date=2018-07-09|website=Tasting Table|language=en|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2021-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018014731/https://www.tastingtable.com/dine/national/best-kakigori-shave-ice-nyc|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to refrigeration, mountain caves or [[ice house (building)|ice houses]] would be the traditional way of storing kakigōri ice.<ref name="krishna" />

It is similar to a [[snow cone]] but with some notable differences: It has a much smoother fluffier ice consistency, much like fresh fallen snow, and a spoon is almost always used to eat it. The texture of the ice distinguishes kakigōri from other types of shaved ice desserts. Due to this textural difference, it has also been seen translated as 'Angel Snow', which perhaps sounds more appealing.<ref name="rao" />

Popular flavors include [[strawberry]], [[cherry]], [[lemon]], [[green tea]], [[grape]], [[melon]], "[[Blue Hawaii (drink)|Blue Hawaii]]", sweet plum, and colorless syrup. Some shops provide colorful varieties by using two or more syrups. To sweeten kakigōri, condensed or evaporated milk is often poured on top of it.
[[File:Kōri-hata 001.svg|left|thumb|176x176px|Kakigōri banner with the [[kanji]] for “ice” ([[wikt: 氷|氷]]) ]]
In addition to street stalls, kakigōri is sold in [[Japanese festivals|festivals]], [[convenience store]]s, coffee shops, specialized kakigōri parlors, and restaurants. It's also frequently prepared by families at home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://metropolisjapan.com/kakigori-tip-shaved-iceberg/|title=Kakigori – The Tip Of The (Shaved) Iceberg|date=2017-08-17|website=Metropolis Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814033735/https://metropolisjapan.com/Kakigori-tip-shaved-iceberg/|url-status=live}}</ref> During the hot summer months, kakigōri is sold virtually everywhere in Japan. Especially at summer festivals and fairs such as [[matsuri]] and [[Bon Odori|bon odori]] festivals, often served alongside other street foods such as [[yakisoba]], [[takoyaki]] and cotton candy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://okinawa.stripes.com/food-drink/shaved-ice-cools-down-japanese-summer|title=Shaved ice cools down the Japanese summer|date=2019-07-01|website=Stripes Okinawa|language=en|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619151346/https://okinawa.stripes.com/food-drink/shaved-ice-cools-down-japanese-summer|url-status=live}}</ref> Kakigōri is one of the summer features in Japan. Some shops serve it with [[ice cream]] and [[Red bean paste|sweetened red beans]] or tapioca pearls.

A flag with the kanji sign for ice kōri (氷) is a common and traditional way for an establishment to indicate that they are serving kakigōri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/features/jg00104/kakigori.html|title=Kakigōri|date=2017-07-29|website=nippon.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414224622/https://www.nippon.com/en/features/jg00104/kakigori.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Shirokuma==
{{Infobox food
| name             = Shirokuma
| image            = File:Shirokuma.jpg
| image_size       = 180
| caption          = 
| alternate_name   = 
| country          = [[Japan]]
| region           = [[Kagoshima prefecture]]
| creator          = 
| course           = [[Dessert]]
| type             = Kakigōri
| served           = 
| main_ingredient  = [[Ice]], [[condensed milk]]
| variations       = 
| calories         =  
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Shirokuma'''|白熊 or しろくま}}, is a type of kakigōri. Shirokuma is made with [[shaved ice]] flavored with [[condensed milk]], small colorful [[mochi]], fruits, and sweet bean paste (usually [[Azuki bean]]). Mandarin oranges, cherries, pineapples, and raisins are often used to make shirokuma. 
{{see also|:ja:白くま}}
===Description===
Shirokuma has been popular in [[Kagoshima]] since the middle of the [[Edo period]]{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} and is well known to many Japanese. [[Condensed milk]], fruit, and [[sweet bean paste]] are served over shaved ice. It is eaten in cafés and in some department stores, such as Yamakataya (山形屋) or Mujaki.

===Etymology===
Shirokuma literally means "white bear" and indicates "[[polar bear]]" in Japanese. There are some views about the origin of the name.

In one account, there was a cotton shop in Kagoshima city. The shop started to sell kakigōri as its side-business. The kakigōri was flavored with condensed milk. When the owner was thinking of a name for it, he noticed the picture of a polar bear was printed on the labels of the condensed milk's can.

Another account is that Mujaki, a coffee shop in Kagoshima City, started to sell the kakigōri, put milk syrup, ''sanshoku-kanten'' (colorful [[agar]]), [[yōkan]] (soft azuki-bean jelly), sweet beans and fruits in a pattern that resembled a polar bear when seen from overhead, so it was named shirokuma.

Yet others say that it was created in honour of the memory of Saigo Takamori after his battle with the Edo Shogun.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

In Kagoshima, some similar named kakigōri are made. Kurokuma flavored with dark brown unrefined sugar syrup, coffee or caramel syrup and kiguma flavored with mango pulp syrup are made in some coffee shops.

===Availability===
Supermarkets in southern [[Kyushu]], especially in [[Kagoshima, Kagoshima|Kagoshima City]], Kagoshima, and [[mom-and-pop]] [[candy store]]s sell shirokuma as a popular product. Shirokuma are often eaten at Kagoshima fairs which are held in other prefectures. Shirokuma in cups are sold at [[convenience stores]] all over Japan. One of the brands found in stores, Marunaga Seika, received the Long Seller Award for their continuing work in enriching the Shirokuma distribution. The brand launched their Shirokuma product in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |title=白くま {{!}} 丸永製菓株式会社 |url=https://www.marunaga.com/product/shirokuma/ページの%20URL |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=丸永製菓 |language=ja}}</ref>

== Ujikintoki ==
[[File:宇治金時, 初心菓寮, 台北 (21195349900).jpg|thumb|215x215px|Ujikintoki]]
Ujikintoki (宇治金時 or うじきんとき) is a type of Kakigōri that is made from shaved ice, flavored green tea syrup, sweet bean paste (Azuki bean), mochi, and green tea ice cream (抹茶アイスクリーム, Matcha aisu kurīmu).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/ujikintoki-kakigori-2031138|title=An Easy Recipe for Ujikintoki Kakigori, a Wonderful Japanese Treat|website=The Spruce Eats|language=en|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619020326/https://www.thespruceeats.com/ujikintoki-kakigori-2031138|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.honolulumagazine.com/Honolulu-Magazine/Biting-Commentary/July-2019/Travel-the-World-through-5-Shave-Ice-Spots/|title=Travel the World Through 5 Shave Ice Spots|website=www.honolulumagazine.com|date=3 July 2019|language=en|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922005755/http://www.honolulumagazine.com/Honolulu-Magazine/Biting-Commentary/July-2019/Travel-the-World-through-5-Shave-Ice-Spots/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Etymology ===
Ujikintoki is named after the small city of [[Uji]], in [[Kyoto Prefecture]], famous for its green tea and Sakata Kintoki, who is known as [[Kintarō]] in Japanese folklore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidekyoto.com/a-trip-to-uji|title=A Trip To Uji|website=Inside Kyoto|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813085610/https://www.insidekyoto.com/a-trip-to-uji|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shokuiku-daijiten.com/mame/mame-268/|title=金時の意味？ {{!}} 食育大事典|website=shokuiku-daijiten.com|date=16 January 2014|language=ja|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524053644/https://shokuiku-daijiten.com/mame/mame-268/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kintoki is the red bean paste that is named after Kintarō's face usually being depicted as red.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://moderntokyotimes.com/kintaro-in-japanese-folklore-and-art/|title=Kintaro in Japanese Folklore and Art – Modern Tokyo Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809150939/https://moderntokyotimes.com/kintaro-in-japanese-folklore-and-art/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Other varieties ==

=== Yakigori ===
Yakigori (焼き氷) is a type of Kakigōri where liquor, often brandy is poured on top and then lit on fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%84%BC%E3%81%8D%E6%B0%B7|title=焼き氷(やきごおり)とは何？ Weblio辞書|website=www.weblio.jp|access-date=2020-04-09|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163523/https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%84%BC%E3%81%8D%E6%B0%B7|url-status=live}}</ref> Yakigori occasionally has caramel sauce, ice cream, strawberries, or pineapple on top.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weblio.jp/wkpja/content/%E7%84%BC%E3%81%8D%E6%B0%B7_%E7%84%BC%E3%81%8D%E6%B0%B7%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81|title=焼き氷 - 焼き氷の概要 - Weblio辞書|website=www.weblio.jp|access-date=2020-04-09|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163556/https://www.weblio.jp/wkpja/content/%E7%84%BC%E3%81%8D%E6%B0%B7_%E7%84%BC%E3%81%8D%E6%B0%B7%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kōrikoppu]]: The dedicated glassware which was mainly used for Kakigōri before World War II. ({{ill|氷コップ|ja|vertical-align=sup}})

===Similar dishes in other cultures===
{{for|similar shaved ice variations around the world|Shaved ice#Regions}}
*[[Tshuah-ping]]: Taiwanese shaved ice
*[[Bingsu]]: Korean shaved ice
*[[Granita]]: Sicilian shaved ice
*[[Halo-halo]]: Filipino shaved ice
*[[Es campur]] and [[Es teler]]: Indonesian shaved ice
*[[Namkhaeng sai]] and [[O-aew]]: Thai shaved ice
*[[Ais Kacang]] (ABC): Malaysian shaved ice
*[[Grattachecca]]: Italian shaved ice popular in [[Rome]]
*[[Hawaiian shave ice]]: Hawaiian shaved ice
*[[Raspado]]: Mexican shaved ice

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kakigōri}}
* [http://www.mujyaki.co.jp/ 天文館むじゃき] (Japanese)
* [http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/yurakukan/ かごしま遊楽館] (Japanese)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100620070345/http://www.seikafoods.jp/shirokuma.htm セイカ食品株式会社：南国白くま] (Japanese)
* [http://www.yamakataya.co.jp/ 鹿児島 山形屋] (Japanese)
* [http://en.rocketnews24.com/2014/09/26/you-can-eat-a-polar-bear-in-kagoshima/ You can eat a polar bear in Kagoshima] Rocket NEWS 24 (English)

{{Ice-based beverages and desserts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kakigori}}
[[Category:Ice-based desserts]]
[[Category:Japanese cuisine]]
[[Category:Japanese confectionery]]