Editing Juturna

{{Short description|Roman mythological figure}}
{{For|the 2005 album by [[Circa Survive]]|Juturna (album)}}

[[Image:PICT0510 - Largo di Torre Argentina.jpg|thumb|250px|Temple of Juturna in [[Largo di Torre Argentina]], Rome.]]

In the [[Roman mythology|myth]] and [[Religion in ancient Rome|religion of ancient Rome]], '''Juturna''', or Diuturna,<ref>F Guirand ed, ''New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology'' (London 1968) p. 210</ref> was a [[List of Roman deities|goddess]] of fountains, [[water well|wells]] and [[Spring (hydrology)|springs]], and the mother of [[Fontus]] by [[Janus (mythology)|Janus]].<ref name=":0">{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Juturna}}</ref>

==Mythology==
Juturna was an ancient Latin deity of fountains,<ref>J E Sandys, ''A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities'' (London 1892) p. 340</ref> who in some myths was turned by [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]] into a water [[nymph]] – a [[Naiad]] – and given by him a sacred well in [[Lavinium]], [[Latium]],<ref>J E Sandys, ''A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities'' (London 1892) p. 340</ref> as well as another one near the temple to [[Vesta (god)|Vesta]] in the [[Forum Romanum]].  Her original home was said to be on the mythological river [[Numicus|Numicius]].<ref name=":0" />

[[File:Iuturna-fountain-denarius-96bc.jpg|thumb|[[Denarius]] issued in 96&nbsp;BC with Castor and Pollux watering their horses at the fountain of Juturna, and the laureate head of [[Apollo]] on the [[obverse]]]]
The pool next to the second well in the Roman Forum (Rome) was called [[Lacus Juturnae]]. A local water nymph or river-god generally presides over a single body of water, but Juturna has broader powers which probably reflect her original importance in Latium, where she had temples in Rome and Lavinium, a cult of healthful waters at Ardea, and the fountain/well next to the lake in the Roman forum. It was here in Roman legend that the deities [[Castor and Pollux]] watered their horses after bringing news of the Roman victory at the [[Battle of Lake Regillus]] in 496 BC (Valerius Maximus, I.8.1; Plutarch, Life of Aemilius Paulus, 25.2, Life of Coriolanus, 3.4).

A temple was erected in her honour after the [[First Punic War|first Punic war]].<ref name=":0" />

==In literature==
*Virgil makes her a sister of [[Turnus]] who supported him against [[Aeneas]] by giving him his sword after he dropped it in battle, as well as by taking him away from the battle when it seemed he would be killed.<ref>Virgil, ''Aeneid'' (Penguin 1990) p. 384 and 396 (Aen. 12.638-44 and 1059-61)</ref> In the end, however, she could not save him from his fate, and retreated into her waters in mourning. Juturna is further hellenized by Juno’s conferral of [[Catasterismi|catasterism]] (Aen. 12.143, 145), an act that links her with the Dioscuri. These divinities all share a similar function as helpers of mortals and had traditional cultic connections in early Latium.
*Ovid relates her affair with Jupiter (Greek Zeus): the secret was betrayed by another nymph, [[Larunda]], whom Jupiter struck with muteness as punishment.<ref>A Chiu, ''Ovid’s Women of the Year'' (2016) p. 88-90</ref>

==Cult==
Holloway has argued that the goddess shown carrying a winged helmet on early Roman coinage is Juturna, but her iconography is largely unknown. A later altar relief from the [[Temple of Castor and Pollux]] in the Roman Forum may depict her. A Roman festival was held in her honor on January 11, when she was given sacrifices and honored by the ''fontani'' (the men who maintained the fountains and aqueducts of Rome).<ref>F Guirand ed, ''New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology'' (London 1968) p. 210</ref>

==Honours==

[[Juturna Lake]] in [[Antarctica]] is named after the deity.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Holloway, Robert Ross. "The lady of the denarius," ''Numismatica e antichità classiche: quaderni ticinesi'' 1995 24: 207–215.
*Jaakko, Aronen. "Iuturna, Carmenta, e Mater Larum. Un rapporto arcaico tra mito, calendario e topografia." ''Opuscula Instituti Romani Finlandiae'' 4 1989 (Roma Bardi), 65–88. 
*''Lacus Iuturnae'' in http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/romanforum/lacusjuturnae.html
*Manning, Craig. "Nemean X and the Juturna-episode in Aeneid XII", ''Classical World'' 81 (1988) 221–2.
*Steinby, Eva Margareta. "Lacus Iuturnae 1982-1983," in ''Roma. Archeologia nel centro I: L’area archeologica centrale''. 1985, 73–92.
*Ziolkowski, Adam. "Les temples A et C du Largo Argentina. Quelques considérations," Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome 98 1986: 623–641.
*Ancient sources include:  Varro ''De ling. Lat''. 1, c. 10; Ovid, ''Fasti'', 1, v. 708, l.2 v. 585; Vergil, ''Aeneid'' 12, v. 139 (and Servian notes); Cicero, ''Cluent''. 36; Arnobius of Sicca, ''Adversus gentes'' 3, 29
*Levi, Peter, ''Virgil, His Life and Times'', Duckworth 1998.p.&nbsp;219.
*[http://www.mythindex.com/roman-mythology/J/Juturna.html Juturna, Roman Myth Index]

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Roman religion}}
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[[Category:Roman goddesses]]
[[Category:Naiads]]
[[Category:Water goddesses]]
[[Category:Characters in the Aeneid]]