Editing Jules Bordet

{{Short description|Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, Nobel prize in medicine 1919}}
{{Redirect|Bordet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| birth_name        = Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet
| image             = Jules Bordet signed.jpg
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|06|13}}
| birth_place       = [[Soignies]], Belgium
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1961|04|06|1870|06|13}}
| death_place       = Brussels, Belgium
| resting_place     = [[Ixelles Cemetery]], Brussels
| alma_mater        = [[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Free University of Brussels]]
| awards            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1919)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1919/bordet/biographical/ | title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919 }}</ref>
* [[Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh]] {{small|(1921)}}
}}
}}
'''Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ɔːr|ˈ|d|eɪ}} {{respell|bor|DAY}}, {{IPA|fr|ʒyl ʒɑ̃ batist vɛ̃sɑ̃ bɔʁdɛ|lang}}; 13 June 1870 – 6 April 1961) was a Belgian [[immunologist]] and [[microbiologist]]. The [[Genus|bacterial genus]] ''[[Bordetella]]'' is named after him. The [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] was awarded to him in 1919 for his discoveries relating to immunity.

==Education and early life==
Bordet was born at [[Soignies]], Belgium.  He graduated as Doctor of Medicine from the [[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Free University of Brussels]] in 1892 and began his work at the [[Pasteur Institute]] in Paris in 1894, in the laboratory of [[Elie Metchnikoff]], who had just discovered [[phagocytosis]] of bacteria by [[white blood cell]]s, an expression of cellular immunity.

==Career==
In 1895 Bordet made his discovery that the [[bacteriolytic]] effect of acquired specific [[antibody]] is significantly enhanced ''in vivo'' by the presence of innate serum components which he termed alexine (but which are now known as [[Complement system|complement]]). Four years later, in 1899, he described a similar destructive process involving complement, "[[hemolysis]]", in which foreign red blood cells are ruptured or "lysed" following exposure to immune serum. In 1900, he left Paris to found an institute in Brussels like Pasteur's, and continued to work extensively on the mechanisms involved in the action of complement. These studies became the basis for complement-fixation testing methods that enabled the development of serological tests for [[syphilis]] (specifically, the development of the [[Wassermann test]] by [[August Paul von Wassermann|August von Wassermann]]). The same technique is used today in serologic testing for countless other diseases.

With [[Octave Gengou]], he isolated ''[[Bordetella pertussis]]'' in pure culture in 1906 and posited it as the cause of [[pertussis|whooping cough]]. He became Professor of [[Bacteriology]] at the [[Université libre de Bruxelles]] in 1907.

[[File:Jules Bordet.JPG|thumb|Jules Bordet's grave in Ixelles Cemetery]]

==Awards and honours==
In March 1916, he was elected a Foreign Member of the [[Royal Society]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Oakley | first1 = C. L. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1962.0002 | title = Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet 1870-1961 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 8 | pages = 18–25 | year = 1962 | s2cid = 73062171 }}</ref> and in 1930, delivered their [[Croonian Lecture]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27bordet%27%29| title= Library and Archive Catalogue| publisher= Royal society| access-date= 18 December 2010}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In this lecture, Bordet also concluded that [[bacteriophages]], the bacteria-killing "invisible viruses" discovered by [[Felix d'Herelle]] did not exist and that bacteria destroyed themselves using a process of autolysis. This theory collapsed in 1941 with the publication by Ruska of the first electron microscope pictures of bacteriophages.<ref>Hausler, Thomas (2007) ''Viruses Vs. Superbugs: A Solution to the Antibiotics Crisis?'' Palgrave Macmillan. {{ISBN|0230551939}}</ref> The [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] was awarded to him in 1919 for his discoveries relating to immunity.

Bordet died in 1961 and was interred in the [[Ixelles Cemetery]] in Brussels.
* '''1919''': Member of the [[Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium]].<ref>Index biographique des membres et associés de l'Académie royale de Belgique (1769–2005).</ref>
*'''1921''': Awarded the [[Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh]].

The [[Bordet railway station]] in Brussels is named after him.

The cancer hospital [[Institut Jules Bordet]] is also named after him.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Jules Bordet ([[Frederick P. Gay]] translator) (1909) [https://archive.org/details/studiesinimmunit00borduoft Studies in Immunity], [[John Wiley & Sons]], link from [[Internet Archive]].

==External links==
* {{Nobelprize}}
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1919/index.html The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Jules Bordet |sopt=t}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101201141153/http://www.bordet.be/en/presentation/history/bordet/life.htm  a longer Biography page at Jules Bordet Institute]
* [http://www.bordet.be/ Jules Bordet Institute]

{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1901-1925}}
{{1919 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bordet, Jules}}
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Soignies]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)]]
[[Category:Belgian immunologists]]
[[Category:Belgian microbiologists]]
[[Category:Belgian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium]]
[[Category:Walloon movement activists]]
[[Category:Burials at Ixelles Cemetery]]
[[Category:Pasteur Institute]]
[[Category:Presidents of the International Union of Microbiological Societies]]