Editing Judenburg

{{short description|Place in Styria, Austria}}
{{Distinguish|Jüdenberg}}
{{Expand German|Judenburg|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Judenburg
| native_name            = Judnbuag
| settlement_type        = [[Municipality (Austria)|Municipality]]
<!-- Images     -->
| image_skyline          = Lichtenstein-7.JPG
| imagesize              = 
| image_caption          = View from southwest
| image_shield           = AUT Judenburg COA.svg
| shield_size            = 80x110px
| shield_link            = 
<!-- Maps           -->
| pushpin_map            = Austria
| pushpin_mapsize        = 270
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location within Austria
| image_map              = 
| mapsize                = 
| map_alt                = 
| map_caption            = Location within [[Murtal District|Murtal district]]
<!-- Location    -->
| coordinates            = {{coord|47|10|21|N|14|39|37|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = Austria
| subdivision_type1      = [[States of Austria|State]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Styria]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[District (Austria)|District]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Murtal District|Murtal]]
| parts_type             = 
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 
<!-- Leaders -->
| leader_title           = [[Burgomaster|Mayor]]
| leader_name            = Hannes Dolleschall ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]])
| leader_party           = 
| leader_title1          = 
| leader_name1           = 
<!-- Statistics -->
| area_footnotes         = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}}
| area_total_km2         = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_total_km2}}
| area_metro_km2         = 
| elevation_m            = 737
| elevation_max_m        = 
| elevation_min_m        = 
| population_as_of       = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes   = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total       = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_urban       = 
| population_metro       = 
| population_note        = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| established_title      = 
| established_date       = 
| timezone               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| utc_offset_DST         = +2
| registration_plate     = [[Vehicle registration plates of Austria|MT]]
| postal_code_type       = [[List of postal codes in Austria|Postal code]]
| postal_code            = 8750
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone numbers in Austria|Area code]]
| area_code              = 03572
| website                = {{URL|1=http://www.judenburg.at}}
| footnotes              = 
}}
'''Judenburg''' ({{IPA|de|juːdn̩.buɐ̯k, juːdn̩.buʁk|lang}}; {{langx|bar|Judnbuag}}) is a historic town in [[Styria]], Austria.

It is the administrative centre of the [[Murtal District|Murtal district]], which was created on 1 January 2012 from the former [[Judenburg (district)|Judenburg District]] and former [[Knittelfeld District]]. Until 31 December 2011, it was the capital of the Judenburg District.

On 1 January 2015, the adjoining municipalities of [[Oberweg]] and [[Reifling]] were merged into Judenburg.

==Geography==
It is located in the [[Upper Styria]]n region, on the western end of the Aichfeld [[sedimentary basin|basin]], stretching along the [[Mur (river)|Mur]] River from Judenburg down to [[Knittelfeld]] in the east. The broad valley is bound by the [[Niedere Tauern]] range in the north and the [[Noric Alps]] ([[Lavant (river)|Lavanttal]] Alps) in the south.

The municipal area also comprises the [[cadastral community|cadastral communities]] of Tiefenbach and Waltersdorf, a former municipality incorporated in 1963.

The municipal area includes the following ten villages (populations as of January 1, 2020):
* Auerling (129)
* Feeberg (176)
* Gasselsdorf (28)
* Judenburg (8,386)
* Oberweg (517)
* Ossach (45)
* Reifling (57)
* Ritzersdorf (15)
* Strettweg (367)
* Waltersdorf (133)

==History==
[[File:AT-78621 Stadtturm Judenburg003.JPG|thumb|left|City Tower]]
Archaeological findings indicate that the area was settled at least since the days of the [[Celts|Celtic]] kingdom of [[Noricum]]. Judenburg itself was first mentioned in a 1074 [[staple right]] deed as {{lang|la|mercatum Judinburch}}, a [[market town]] within the estates of [[Burgruine Eppenstein|Eppenstein Castle]], the ancestral seat of the [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavarian]] Eppensteiner noble family, who ruled as [[March of Styria|Styrian margraves]] in the 11th century. The name literally means "Jews' Borough", referring to the town's origin as a trading outpost on the route from the [[Mur (river)|Mur Valley]] across the [[Obdach Saddle]] mountain pass to [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], in which [[history of the Jews in Austria|Jews]] played an important role, being represented in the city's coat of arms.

Upon the extinction of the Eppensteiner dynasty in 1122, the estates passed to the Styrian [[Otakars]] and in 1192 to the [[House of Babenberg]], Dukes of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] since 1156. Judenburg received [[German town law|town privileges]] in 1224 and the right to collect tolls in 1277. The town grew to an important commercial centre for [[iron ore]] mined at nearby [[Eisenerz]], but also for [[valeriana celtica]] used in perfumes during the 13th and 14th centuries. Judenburg was even granted a [[valeriana]] trade [[monopoly]] by the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] emperor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] in 1460. After several [[pogrom]]s, all Jews were expelled from the [[Duchy of Styria]] by order of Emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] in 1496. Following his [[Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars|breakthrough in Italy]], General [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] made his headquarters at Judenburg and it was there, on the night of 7–8 April 1796, that he signed the [[Truce of Judenburg]] with the Austrians.

In the beginning of the 20th century, the town was one of the centres of [[Austria-Hungary]]'s steel industry and also a [[garrison]] city of the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]]. From 1910 to 1914 one of the first [[trolleybus]]ses in Austria connected Judenburg station with the town's centre. Little remains of the former industry today, but Judenburg remains an industrial and trade centre. In May 1918, the city was the site of a [[Judenburg Mutiny|failed military mutiny]].

In 1938, with the [[Anschluss|annexation of Austria]] by [[Nazi Germany]], Judenburg became part of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]. Due to the presence of the word {{wikt-lang|de|Jude}} ("Jew") in the town's name, many possible new names were suggested, including {{lang|de|Zirbenstadt}} (after ''Zirbe'', the German name for the [[Swiss pine]] tree) and {{lang|de|Adolfsburg}} (in honor of [[Adolf Hitler]]). However, the planned renaming was indefinitely postponed after the outbreak of war and ultimately never happened.<ref>Vgl. Michael Schiestl: „Zirbitz-“, „Adolf-“ oder „Jubelburg“. Dokumente des „gesunden Volksempfindens“. In: ''Berichte des Museumsvereines Judenburg.'' 33 (2000), S. 23–32.</ref><ref>Strunz, Gunnar: ''Steiermark: Das grüne Herz Österreichs'', p. 130. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DqcwDQAAQBAJ&dq=Zirbenstadt&pg=PA130 (link)]</ref>

During the [[Second World War]], a subcamp of [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] was located nearby,<ref>[http://www.tartanplace.com/tartanhistory/concentrationcamps.html Christine O’Keefe.''Concentration Camps.'']</ref> where a [[displaced person]]s' reception centre was established after the war. Judenburg was also one of several towns that saw the [[repatriation of Cossacks after World War II|handover of Cossacks to the Red Army]].

==Politics==
[[File:Judenburg Rathaus.jpg|thumb|Town hall]]
Seats in the municipal assembly ({{lang|de|Gemeinderat}}) as of the 2020 elections:
*[[Social Democratic Party of Austria]] (SPÖ): 13
*[[Austrian People's Party]] (ÖVP): 7
*[[Communist Party of Austria]] (KPÖ): 2
*[[The Greens – The Green Alternative|The Greens - The Green Alternative]] (die Grüne): 2
*[[Freedom Party of Austria]] (FPÖ): 1

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria}}

===Twin towns - Sister cities===
Judenburg is a member of the [[Douzelage]], a unique [[town twinning]] association of 24 towns across the [[European Union]]. This active town twinning began in 1991 and there are regular events, such as a produce market from each of the other countries and festivals.<ref name="Douzelage">{{cite web |url=http://www.douzelage.org/ |title=Douzelage.org: Home |publisher=www.douzelage.org |access-date=2009-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217044329/http://www.douzelage.org/ |archive-date=2010-02-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="DouzelageMembers">{{cite web |url=http://www.douzelage.org/index.php?id=15 |title=Douzelage.org: Member Towns |publisher=www.douzelage.org |access-date=2009-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406142434/http://www.douzelage.org/index.php?id=15 |archive-date=2009-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Discussions regarding membership are also in hand with three further towns ([[Agros, Cyprus|Agros]] in [[Cyprus]], [[Škofja Loka]] in [[Slovenia]], and [[Tryavna]] in Bulgaria).
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
:{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Altea]], Spain - 1991
:{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bad Kötzting]], Germany - 1991
:{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bellagio (Italian region)|Bellagio]], Italy - 1991
:{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Bundoran]], Ireland - 1991
:{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Granville, Manche|Granville]], France - 1991
:{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Holstebro]], Denmark - 1991
:{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Houffalize]], Belgium - 1991
:{{flagicon|NED}} [[Meerssen]], the Netherlands - 1991
:{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Niederanven]], Luxembourg - 1991
:{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Preveza]], Greece - 1991
:{{flagicon|POR}} [[Sesimbra]], Portugal - 1991
:{{flagicon|UK}} [[Sherborne]], United Kingdom - 1991
:{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Karkkila]], Finland - 1997
:{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Oxelösund]], Sweden - 1998
:{{flagicon|AUT}} Judenburg, Austria - 1999
:{{flagicon|POL}} [[Chojna]], Poland - 2004
:{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Kőszeg]], Hungary - 2004
:{{flagicon|LVA}} [[Sigulda]], Latvia - 2004
:{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Sušice]], Czech Republic - 2004
:{{flagicon|EST}} [[Türi]], Estonia - 2004
:{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Érd]], Hungary – 2005
:{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Zvolen]], Slovakia - 2007
:{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Prienai]], Lithuania - 2008
:{{flagicon|MLT}} [[Marsaskala]], Malta - 2009
:{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Siret]], Romania - 2010
}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Richard Paltauf.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Richard Paltauf]]]]
[[File:Tony Breznik, 2008.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Tony Breznik]], 2008]]
*[[Richard Paltauf]] (1858–1924), an Austrian pathologist and bacteriologist.
*[[Michael Powolny]] (1871–1954), sculptor, medallist, ceramist, designer and teacher.
*[[Walter Pfrimer]] (1881–1968), politician and Nazi, known for the 1931 Pfrimer Putsch, died locally
*[[Maria Cäsar]] (1920-2017), an Austrian political activist (KPÖ) and resistance activist, lived locally.
*[[Jack Unterweger]] (1950–1994), author and serial killer
*[[Christian Muthspiel]] (born 1962), jazz musician, composer and trombonist
*[[Wolfgang Muthspiel]] (born 1965),  jazz guitarist and record label owner.
*[[Alf Poier]] (born 1967), singer-songwriter and stand-up comedian

=== Sport ===
*[[Harald Bosio]] (1906–1980), skier
*[[Gernot Jurtin]] (1955–2006), football player, played 373 games and 12 for [[Austria national football team|Austria]]
*[[Herfried Sabitzer]] (born 1969), football player, played 333 games and 6 for [[Austria national football team|Austria]]
*[[Renate Götschl]] (born 1975), skier, won silver and bronze medals at the [[2002 Winter Olympics]]
*[[Christoph Sumann]] (born 1976), biathlete, two silver medals at the [[2010 Winter Olympics]]
*[[Christian Pfannberger]] (born 1979), racing cyclist
*[[Andreas Zuber]] (born 1983), racing driver
*[[Thomas Krammer]] (born 1983), football player, played over 380 games
*[[Tony Breznik]] (born 1984), an Austrian bodybuilder.
*[[Michael Madl]] (born 1988), football player, played 322 games
*[[Manfred Gollner]] (born 1990), an Austrian footballer who has played over 290 gamess
*[[Stefan Nutz]] (born 1992), an Austrian professional footballer who has played over 340 games
*[[Stefan Posch]] (born 1997), football player, played 220 games and 30 for [[Austria national football team|Austria]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Judenburg}}
*[http://www.judenburg.at Official homepage]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050926023502/http://www.judenburg-tourism.at/home.htm Judenburg tourism]

{{Murtal}}
{{Douzelage}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Judenburg| ]]
[[Category:Jewish communities in Austria]]