Editing Journalist

{{short description|Person who collects, writes and distributes news and similar information}}
{{redirect|Reporter|other uses|Reporter (disambiguation)|and|Journalist (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox occupation
| name= Journalist
| synonyms =
| pronounce =
| official_names= Journalist 
| image = Phoenix Heinz Abel 1.jpg| 
<!------------Details------------------->
| type= [[Journalism]], [[mass media]] 
| activity_sector= [[Mass media]], [[public relations]], [[politics]], [[sports]], [[business]]
| competencies= [[Writing|Writing skills]], [[Interpersonal relationship|interpersonal skills]]
| formation= Typically a [[bachelor's degree]] 
| employment_field= [[Mass media]]
| related_occupation= [[Correspondent]], [[columnist]], [[spokesperson]], [[politician]]
}}
[[File:Nardwuar - TEDx Vancouver 2010 - West Vancouver, BC.jpg|thumb|upright|Canadian journalist [[Nardwuar]] at TEDxVancouver in 2010]]
A '''journalist''' is a person who gathers information in the form of text, audio or pictures, processes it into a [[newsworthy]] form and disseminates it to the public. This is called [[journalism]].

==Roles==
Journalists can work in broadcast, print, advertising, or public relations personnel. Depending on the form of journalism, "journalist" may also describe various categories of people by the roles they play in the process. These include [[reporters]], [[correspondents]], [[citizen journalist]]s, [[Editorial board|editors]], [[Editorial board|editorial writers]], [[columnist]]s, and [[photojournalist]]s.

A '''reporter''' is a type of journalist who [[research]]es, writes and reports on information in order to present using [[source (journalism)|sources]]. This may entail conducting [[interview]]s, information-gathering and/or writing articles. Reporters may split their time between working in a [[newsroom]], from home or outside to witness events or interview people. Reporters may be assigned a specific [[Beat reporting|beat]] (area of coverage).

[[Matthew Nisbet|Matthew C. Nisbet]], who has written on [[science communication]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.environmentmagazine.org/Archives/Back+Issues/March-April+2009/Nisbet-full.html |journal=[[Environment Magazine]] |title=Communicating Climate Change: Why Frames Matter for Public Engagement |first=Matthew C. |last=Nisbet |publisher=[[Heldref Publications]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703075520/http://www.environmentmagazine.org/Archives/Back+Issues/March-April+2009/Nisbet-full.html |archive-date=3 July 2018 |agency=[[Taylor & Francis Group]] |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=March–April 2009}}</ref> has defined a "knowledge journalist" as a [[public intellectual]] who, like [[Walter Lippmann]], [[Fareed Zakaria]], [[Naomi Klein]], [[Michael Pollan]],  and [[Andrew Revkin]], sees their role as researching complicated issues of fact or science which most [[laymen]] would not have the time or access to [[information]] to research themselves, then communicating an accurate and understandable version to the public as a teacher and policy advisor.{{blockquote|In his best-known books, ''Public Opinion'' (1922) and ''The Phantom Public'' (1925), Lippmann argued that most people lacked the capacity, time and motivation to follow and analyze news of the many complex policy questions that troubled society. Nor did they often experience most social problems or directly access expert insights. These limitations were made worse by a news media that tended to oversimplify issues and to reinforce [[stereotypes]], partisan viewpoints and [[prejudices]]. As a consequence, Lippmann believed that the public needed journalists like himself who could serve as expert analysts, guiding "citizens to a deeper understanding of what was really important".<ref name="Knowledge journalist">{{cite web |title=Nature's Prophet: Bill McKibben as Journalist, Public Intellectual and Activist |url=http://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/D-78-Nisbet1.pdf |work=Discussion Paper Series #D-78 |publisher=[[Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy]], School of Communication and the Center for Social Media [[American University]] |access-date=8 March 2013 |first=Matthew C. |last=Nisbet |page=7 |date=March 2013}}</ref>}}

In 2018, the [[United States Department of Labor|United States Department of Labor's]] Occupational Outlook Handbook reported that employment for the category "reporters, correspondents and broadcast news analysts" will decline 9 percent between 2016 and 2026.<ref>{{cite news |last=Talton |first=Jon |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/economy/occupational-outlook-where-the-big-bucks-are-and-arent/ |title=Occupational outlook: Where the big bucks are – and aren't |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=31 January 2018 |access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref>

==Modern overview==
A worldwide sample of 27,500 journalists in 67 countries in 2012–2016 produced the following profile:<ref>Thomas Hanitzsch, et al. eds. ''Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures around the Globe'' (2019) pp. 73–74. [https://www.amazon.com/Worlds-Journalism-Journalistic-Cultures-Institute/dp/0231186436/ see excerpt]</ref>
*57 percent male; 
*[[Arithmetic mean|mean]] age of 38
*mean years of experience, 13
*college degree, 56 percent
*graduate degree, 29 percent
*61 percent specialized in journalism/communications at college
*62 percent identified as generalists 
* 23 percent specialized as hard-news beat journalists
*47 percent were members of a professional association
*80 percent worked full-time
*50 percent worked in print, 23 percent on television, 17 percent on radio and 16 percent online.

In 2019 the [[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]  Digital News Report  described the future for journalists in [[media of South Africa|South Africa]] as "grim" because of low online revenue and plummeting advertising.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2019 |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/inline-files/DNR_2019_FINAL.pdf |website=Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref>

In 2020 [[Reporters Without Borders]] secretary general [[Christophe Deloire]] said journalists in developing countries  were suffering political interference because the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] had given governments around the world the chance "to take advantage of the fact that politics are on hold, the public is stunned and protests are out of the question, in order to impose measures that would be impossible in normal times".<ref name="Kaamil Ahmed">{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Kaamil |title=Covid-19 could trigger 'media extinction event' in developing countries |work=The Guardian |date=May 6, 2020}}</ref>

In 2023 the closure of local newspapers in the US accelerated to an average of 2.5 per week, leaving more than 200 US counties as "news deserts" and meaning that more than half of all U.S. counties had limited access to reliable local news and information, according to researchers at the [[Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications]] at [[Northwestern University]].

In January 2024,  [[The Los Angeles Times]], Time magazine and [[National Geographic]] all conducted layoffs, and [[Condé Nast]] journalists went on strike over proposed job cuts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fu |first1=Angela |title= Tuesday was a bleak day for the media industry |url=https://www.poynter.org/commentary/2024/los-angeles-times-time-magazine-national-geographic-news-layoffs/ |publisher=Poynter |date=January 24, 2024}}</ref> The Los Angeles Times  laid off  more than 20% of the newsroom.<ref>{{cite news |last1=James |first1=Meg |title=L.A. Times to lay off at least 115 people in the newsroom |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2024-01-23/latimes-layoffs-115-newsroom-soon-shiong |publisher=L.A. Times |date=January 23, 2024}}</ref>
[[CNN]], [[Sports Illustrated]] and  [[NBC News]] shed employees in early 2024.<ref name="Getting Grimmer">{{cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Katie |title=The News About the News Business Is Getting Grimmer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/24/business/media/media-industry-layoffs-decline.html |date=January 24, 2024 |work=New York Times}}</ref> [[The New York Times]] reported that Americans were suffering from "news fatigue" due to coverage of major news stories like the [[Hamas attack]], [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and the [[2024 United States presidential election|presidential election]].<ref name="Getting Grimmer" /> American consumers turned away from journalists at legacy organizations as [[social media]] became a common news source.<ref name="Getting Grimmer" />

== Freedom ==
Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger, particularly when reporting in areas of [[armed conflict]] or in states that do not respect the [[freedom of the press]]. [[Organizations]] such as the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]] and [[Reporters Without Borders]] publish reports on press freedom and advocate for journalistic freedom. As of December 2024, the committee to Protect Journalists reports that 2253 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992, either by [[murder]] (71%), [[crossfire]] or [[combat]] (17%), or on dangerous assignment (11%). The "ten deadliest countries" for journalists since 1992 have been [[Iraq]] (227 deaths), [[Philippines]] (157), [[Mexico]] (153), [[Israel]] (143), [[Pakistan]] (96), [[Colombia]] (95), [[India]] (89), [[Russia]] (84), [[Somalia]] (81), [[Brazil]] (60), and [[Algeria]] (60).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cpj.org/data/killed/2024/?status=Killed&motiveConfirmed%5B%5D=Confirmed&motiveUnconfirmed%5B%5D=Unconfirmed&type%5B%5D=Journalist&start_year=1992&end_year=2024&group_by=location |title=2253 Journalists Killed |work=[[Committee to Protect Journalists]] |access-date=29 December 2024}}</ref>

The committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of 1 December 2010, 145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. Current numbers are even higher. The ten countries with the largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are [[Turkey]] (95),<ref>{{cite news |title=Number of Jailed Journalists Nearly Doubles in Turkey |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/04/jailed-journalists-nearly-double-in-turkey.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=5 April 2012 |access-date=6 April 2012 }}</ref> [[People's Republic of China|China]] (34), [[Iran]] (34), [[Eritrea]] (17), [[Burma]] (13), [[Uzbekistan]] (6), [[Vietnam]] (5), [[Cuba]] (4), [[Ethiopia]] (4) and [[Sudan]] (3).<ref>{{cite web |title=Iran, China drive prison tally to 14-year high |url=http://cpj.org/reports/2010/12/cpj-journalist-prison-census-iran-china-highest-14-years.php |date=8 December 2010 |work=[[Committee to Protect Journalists]] |access-date=18 November 2011}}</ref>

Apart from physical harm, journalists are harmed psychologically. This applies especially to war reporters, but their editorial offices at home often do not know how to deal appropriately with the reporters they expose to danger. Hence, a systematic and sustainable way of psychological support for traumatized journalists is strongly needed. Few and fragmented support programs exist so far.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/petra-tabeling-crisis-areas-journalists-are-risk-physical-and-psychological-terms |title=Petra Tabeling: In crisis areas, journalists are at risk in physical and psychological terms. |work=D + C |first=Petra |last=Tabeling |date=24 December 2014 |volume=1 |access-date=9 March 2019 |issue=2015 |page=15}}</ref>

On 8 August 2023, Iran's Journalists' Day, Tehran Journalists' Association head Akbar Montajabi noted over 100 journalists arrested amid protests, while HamMihan newspaper exposed repression against 76 media workers since September 2022 following Mahsa Amini's death-triggered mass protests, leading to legal consequences for journalists including Niloufar Hamedi and Elaheh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-08 |title= Scores Of Media Workers Detained In Iran In Latest Protests Honored On Journalists' Day |language=en |work=RFERL ORG |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-detained-journalists-honored/32539425.html|access-date=2023-08-16}}</ref>

== Relationship with sources ==
The relationship between a professional journalist and a source can be rather complex, and a source can sometimes have an effect on an article written by the journalist. The article 'A Compromised Fourth Estate' uses Herbert Gans' metaphor to capture their relationship. He uses a dance metaphor, "The Tango", to illustrate the co-operative nature of their interactions inasmuch as "It takes two to tango". Herbert suggests that the source often leads, but journalists commonly object to this notion for two reasons:
# It signals source supremacy in news making.
# It offends journalists' professional culture, which emphasizes independence and editorial autonomy.

The dance metaphor goes on to state:

{{blockquote|A relationship with sources that is ''too cozy'' is potentially compromising of journalists' integrity and risks becoming collusive. Journalists have typically favored a more robust, conflict model, based on a crucial assumption that if the media are to function as watchdogs of powerful economic and political interests, journalists must establish their independence of sources or risk the fourth estate being driven by the fifth estate of public relations.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=Justin|last2=Williams|first2=Andrew|last3=Franklin|first3=Bob|title=A Compromised Fourth Estate|journal=Journalism Studies|date=6 February 2008|pages=1–20|doi=10.1080/14616700701767974|volume=9|s2cid=142529875}}</ref>
}}

== Safety ==
{{Main|Safety of journalists}}

[[File:Funeral of Palestinian journalist Shireen Abu Akleh 4.png|thumb|Funeral for Palestinian journalist [[Shireen Abu Aqleh]] after her death]]
Journalists can face violence and intimidation for exercising their [[fundamental right]] to [[freedom of expression]]. The range of threats they are confronted with include murder, [[kidnapping]], hostage-taking, offline and online harassment, [[intimidation]], enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention and torture. [[Women in journalism]] also face specific dangers and are especially vulnerable to sexual assault, whether in the form of a targeted sexual violation, often in reprisal for their work. Mob-related sexual violence aimed against journalists covering public events; or the sexual abuse of journalists in detention or captivity. Many of these crimes are not reported as a result of powerful cultural and professional stigmas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UN PLAN OF ACTION ON THE SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS AND THE ISSUE OF IMPUNITY |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/un-plan-on-safety-journalists_en.pdf |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=UNESCO}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0026/002610/261065e.pdf |title=World Trends Report in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018 |publisher=UNESCO |year=2018}}</ref>

Increasingly, journalists (particularly women) are abused and harassed online, via [[hate speech]], [[cyber-bullying]], [[cyber-stalking]], doxing, trolling, [[public shaming]], intimidation and threats.<ref name=":02" />

=== Most dangerous year ===
[[File:Jamal_Khashoggi_in_March_2018_(cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Jamal Khashoggi]], killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in [[Istanbul]] on 2 October 2018]]
According to [[Reporters Without Borders]]' 2018 annual report, it was the worst year on record for deadly violence and abuse toward journalists; there was a 15 percent increase in such killings since 2017, with 80 killed, 348 imprisoned and 60 held hostage.<ref>{{cite news |last=Langford |first=Eleanor |title=2018 was worst year for violence and abuse against journalists, report says |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/17/2018-worst-year-violence-abuse-against-journalists-report-says/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/17/2018-worst-year-violence-abuse-against-journalists-report-says/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=7 January 2019 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |date=17 December 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=WORLDWIDE ROUND-UP of journalists killed, detained, held hostage, or missing in 2018 |url=https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/worldwilde_round-up.pdf |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |date=1 December 2018}}</ref>

[[Yaser Murtaja]] was shot by an Israeli army sniper. Rubén Pat was gunned down outside a beach bar in Mexico. Mexico was described by Reporters Without Borders as "one of world's deadliest countries for the media"; 90% of attacks on journalists in the country reportedly go unsolved.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-08-23|title=Miroslava Breach murder: Mexico jails man who ordered journalist's death|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-53880211|access-date=2020-12-01}}</ref> Bulgarian [[Victoria Marinova]] was beaten, raped and strangled. Saudi Arabian dissident [[Jamal Khashoggi]] was killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hjelmgaard |first=Kim |title='Unscrupulous politicians' blamed for worst year on record for journalist killings |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/12/18/more-journalists-killed-2018-than-any-other-year-record-driven-unscrupulous-politicians/2346797002/ |access-date=7 January 2019 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett]] |date=18 December 2018}}</ref>

=== Commemoration ===
From 2008 to 2019, [[Freedom Forum]]'s now-defunct [[Newseum]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] featured a Journalists Memorial which honored several thousand journalists around the world who had died or were killed while reporting the news.<ref name="Roberts_Page_167">{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=Jessica |last2=Maksl |first2=Adam |title=Attacks on the American Press: A Documentary and Reference Guide |date=2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara |isbn=9781440872570 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZU2EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |access-date=August 5, 2023}}  This source is an annotated [[source book]] intended for use in introductory journalism courses.</ref> After the Newseum closed in December 2019, supporters of freedom of the press persuaded the [[United States Congress]] in December 2020 to authorize the construction of a memorial to fallen journalists on public land with private funds.<ref name="Roberts_Page_167" />  By May 2023, the [[Fallen Journalists Memorial Foundation]] had begun the design of the memorial.<ref name="Mullins">{{cite news |last1=Mullins |first1=Luke |title=A Memorial to Fallen Journalists Is One Step Closer to Happening on the National Mall |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2023/05/04/a-memorial-to-fallen-journalists-is-one-step-closer-to-happening-on-the-national-mall/ |access-date=August 5, 2023 |work=Washingtonian |date=May 4, 2023}}</ref>

== Education ==
In the US, nearly all journalists have attended university, but only about half [[majored]] in journalism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |date=20 October 2021 |title=It's time to create an alternative path into a journalism career |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2021/10/its-time-to-create-an-alternative-path-into-a-journalism-career/ |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite report |url=http://news.indiana.edu/releases/iu/2014/05/2013-american-journalist-key-findings.pdf |title=The American Journalist in the Digital Age: Key Findings |last1=Willnat |first1=Lars |last2=Weaver |first2=David H. |date=2014 |publisher=School of Journalism, Indiana University |location=Bloomington, Indiana |page=9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507070048/http://news.indiana.edu/releases/iu/2014/05/2013-american-journalist-key-findings.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-07}}</ref>  Journalists who work in television or for newspapers are more likely to have studied journalism in college than journalists working for the [[wire services]], in [[Radio journalist|radio]], or for [[news magazine]]s.<ref name=":0" />

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240" heights="180" class="center">
File:Pn-telekanal-1998-staff.jpg|A program director sets the task for TV journalists, 1998.
File:RFA reporter Helmand.jpg|A reporter interviews a man in [[Helmand Province]], Afghanistan, 2009.
File:Cosplayers at Comicdom 2012 in Athens, Greece grant interviews to the MTV television channel 21.JPG|Journalist interviews a [[cosplay]]er, 2012.
File:InterviewAT.jpg|A reporter interviewing [[Boris Johnson]] when he was Mayor of London, 2014
File:A Mogadishu offiicial tastes the water at a new well donated by the African Union Mission in Somalia in front of local journalists in the country's capital on June 6. AMISOM Photo - Tobin Jones (14328499146).jpg|Official tastes the water of a new well in front of journalists in [[Mogadishu, Somalia]], 2014.
File:Landes wla bfkuu denkmayr 0192 (35381936821).jpg|Cameraman and journalist who interviews a person in Austria
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Journalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[24-hour news cycle]]
* [[Broadcast journalism]]
* [[Electronic field production]] (EFP)
* [[Electronic news-gathering]] (ENG)
* [[Glossary of journalism]]
* [[List of ITV journalists and newsreaders]]
* [[List of journalists]]
* [[Local news]]
* [[News broadcasting]]
* [[News presenter]]
* [[Newsroom]]
* [[Outside broadcasting]]
* [[Student newspaper]]
* [[War correspondent]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
<references responsive/>

==Bibliography==
* Deuze, Mark. "What is journalism? Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered." ''Journalism'' 6.4 (2005): 442-464 [http://www.academia.edu/download/51123770/What-is-Journalism1.pdf online]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}.
* Hanitzsch, Thomas, et al. eds. ''Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures around the Globe'' (1979) [https://www.amazon.com/Worlds-Journalism-Journalistic-Cultures-Institute/dp/0231186436/   excerpt of the book] also [https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55340 online review]
* Hicks, Wynford, et al. ''Writing for journalists'' (Routledge, 2016) short textbook; [http://llrc.mcast.edu.mt/digitalversion/Table_of_Contents_133743.pdf excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111091907/http://llrc.mcast.edu.mt/digitalversion/Table_of_Contents_133743.pdf |date=11 November 2020 }}.
* Keeble, Richard. ''Ethics for journalists'' (Routledge, 2008).
* Mellado, Claudia, et al. "Investigating the gap between newspaper journalists' role conceptions and role performance in nine European, Asian, and Latin American countries." ''International Journal of Press/Politics'' (2020): 1940161220910106 [http://www.academia.edu/download/63314293/Investigating_the_gap.pdf online]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}.
* Patterson, Thomas E., and Wolfgang Donsbagh. "News decisions: Journalists as partisan actors." ''Political communication''  13.4 (1996): 455–468. [http://www.uky.edu/AS/PoliSci/Peffley/pdf/Patterson%201996%20Pol%20Comm%20News%20decisions_%20Journalists%20as%20partisan%20actors.pdf online]
* Randall, David. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nVI7qkIJS6IC&q=journalist ''The Universal Journalist.''] ([[Pluto Press]], 2000). {{ISBN|978-0-7453-1641-3}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/43481682 OCLC 43481682]
* Shoemaker, Pamela J., Tim P. Vos, and Stephen D. Reese. "Journalists as gatekeepers." in ''The handbook of journalism studies'' 73 (2009) [http://www.rasaneh.org/images/news/atachfile/30-9-1390/file634600594129473750.pdf#page=94 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110223951/http://www.rasaneh.org/Images/News/AtachFile/30-9-1390/FILE634600594129473750.pdf#page=94 |date=10 January 2020 }}.
* Stone, Melville Elijah.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=W544AAAAIAAJ&q=journalist ''Fifty Years a Journalist.''] New York: [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday, Page and Company]] (1921). {{OCLC|1520155}}
* Wettstein, Martin, et al. "News media as gatekeepers, critics, and initiators of populist communication: How journalists in ten countries deal with the populist challenge." ''International Journal of Press/Politics'' 23.4 (2018): 476-495 [https://www.academia.edu/download/58115312/Wettstein__Esser_et_al_2018_IJPP_Newsmedia_as_Gatekeepers__Critics.pdf online]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}.

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Journalists}}
*[http://spj.org Society of Professional Journalists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919172644/https://www.spj.org/ |date=19 September 2017 }}

{{Journalism|state=expanded}}
{{Journalism roles}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Journalists| ]]
[[Category:Journalism|*]]
[[Category:Broadcasting occupations]]
[[Category:Journalism occupations]]
[[Category:Mass media occupations]]
[[Category:Television terminology]]