Editing Jordan Valley, Oregon

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Jordan Valley, Oregon
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|motto                    = "Heart of the Owyhees"
|image_skyline            = Jordan Valley Church (Malheur County, Oregon scenic images) (malDA0097).jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = The Jordan Valley Methodist Church
|image_map = Malheur_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Jordan_Valley_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Oregon]]
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oregon]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Malheur County, Oregon|Malheur]]
<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = 
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = 1911
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi         = 2.08
|area_total_km2           = 5.39
|area_land_sq_mi          = 2.08
|area_land_km2            = 5.39
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
<!-- Population -->
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_note          = 
|population_total         = 130
|population_density_km2   = 24.13
|population_density_sq_mi = 62.50
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]
|utc_offset               = -7
|timezone_DST             = Mountain
|utc_offset_DST           = -6
|coordinates              = {{coord|42|58|46|N|117|03|27|W|type:city(239)_region:US-OR|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 4515
<!-- Area/postal codes and others -->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 97910
|area_code                = [[Area codes 541 and 458|458 and 541]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 41-37850<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2410149<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410149}}</ref>
|website                  = [http://www.cityofjordanvalley.com www.cityofjordanvalley.com]
|footnotes                = 
}}
'''Jordan Valley''' is a city in [[Malheur County, Oregon|Malheur County]], [[Oregon]],  United States. It is part of the [[Ontario, Oregon|Ontario]], [[Oregon|OR]]&ndash;[[Idaho|ID]] [[Ontario micropolitan area|Micropolitan Statistical Area]]. The city lies along [[Jordan Creek (Owyhee River)|Jordan Creek]], a tributary of the [[Owyhee River]]; the creek is named for a 19th-century prospector, Michael M. Jordan.<ref name="OGN">{{cite book|last=McArthur|first=Lewis A.|author-link=Lewis A. McArthur|author2=Lewis L. McArthur|author2-link=Lewis L. McArthur|title=[[Oregon Geographic Names]]|orig-year=1928|edition=7th|year=2003|publisher=[[Oregon Historical Society]] Press|location=[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]|isbn=0-87595-277-1|pages=518–19}}</ref> The population was 130 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].

== History ==
===Indigenous peoples===
[[Northern Paiute]] people were the first in the area, frequenting nearby mountains and streambeds to find or follow food sources. When early settlers arrived, conflict developed over local resources, eventually escalating to the [[Snake War]].<ref name="OEJV">{{cite web |title=Jordan Valley |url=https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/jordan_valley/ |website=The Oregon Encyclopedia |publisher=Oregon Historical Society |access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref> The conflict lasted from 1864 to 1868 and left two thirds of the Paiutes dead.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Michno |first1=Gregory |title=Everything You Know About the Indian Wars is Wrong |url=https://www.historynet.com/everything-know-indian-wars-wrong.htm |website=HistoryNet |date=15 June 2017 |access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref> The surviving Paiutes were sent to a reservation.

===Early settlement===
Non-native settlement in the area was largely driven by the 1863 discovery of gold along [[Jordan Creek (Owyhee River tributary)|Jordan Creek]] by a group of prospectors camping in the area. Soon after, the area was named Jordan Valley after Michael M. Jordan, one of the men in the group.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Jordan Valley & Home of the Basques |url=http://cityofjordanvalley.com/id19.html |website=City of Jordan Valley |access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref>[[File:Jordan Valley Building (Malheur County, Oregon scenic images) (malDA0103).jpg|thumb|left|Jordan Valley Building]] [[Jean Baptiste Charbonneau]], the son of [[Sacagawea]], was among the early miners who came to the area.<ref name="OEJV" />

Another miner named Silas Skinner organized a small team and built a road to more easily access Jordan Creek. The road passed through the current-day location of Jordan Valley, which soon became a [[pack station]] where miners would wait for snow to melt enough to access the mining area. The town also served as a rest stop for those travelling between larger mining towns such as [[Silver City, Idaho|Silver City]], [[Ruby City, Idaho|Ruby City]], and [[De Lamar, Idaho|De Lamar]]. A post office opened in 1867 in the cabin of John Baxter, one of the first permanent residents of Jordan Valley.<ref name="OEJV" /> Skinner operated his toll road until 1878, when the [[Owyhee County, Idaho|Owyhee County]] Commissioners took over responsibility for all roads in the area. He then settled in Jordan Valley and opened the Skinner Ranch.<ref name="skinner">{{cite news |last1=Skinner |first1=John |title=Skinner family history |url=https://www.idahopress.com/skinner-family-history/article_8a83f11e-3c6a-11df-87c7-001cc4c03286.html |access-date=19 October 2019 |work=Idaho Press |date=30 May 2010}}</ref>

===Economic transition===
When mining declined in the area and populations of [[boomtown]]s like [[Silver City, Idaho|Silver City]] dwindled around 1875, residents of Jordan Valley survived by transitioning to ranching. By 1867, 11 ranches were operating locally.<ref name="OEJV" /> In 1888, there were an estimated 100,000 head of cattle in the area.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swackhamer |first1=Barry |title=Making Jordan Valley Home Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=106875 |website=The Historical Marker Database |access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref> Ranching supported continuing growth of the community until the [[Great Depression]] struck in 1929.<ref name="skinner" /> This financial hardship, coupled with the remoteness of the town (and subsequent lack of law enforcement) made [[Moonshine|bootlegging]] grow in popularity during the last few years of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]].<ref name="skinner" />

===Basque immigration===
[[File:Pelota Fronton exterior 2 - Jordan Valley Oregon.jpg|thumb|Pelota Fronton exterior]][[File:St Bernard Catholic Church - Jordan Valley Oregon.jpg|thumb|St. Bernard Church]]Many [[Basques|Basque]] immigrants came to Jordan Valley, starting around 1889 with the arrival of José Navarro and Antone Azcuenaga. Local [[oral tradition|oral history]] claims that before long, the Basques comprised around two thirds of the population of the town.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Allen |first1=Cain |title=Basque Pelota Court, Jordan Valley |url=https://oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/basque-pelota-court-jordan-valley/ |access-date=19 October 2019 |work=Oregon History Project |publisher=Oregon Historical Society |date=2005}}</ref> A [[Basque pelota|pelota]] court, known as the [[Pelota Fronton]], was built in 1915, and still stands as a historic landmark.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordan Valley Oregon |url=http://www.southernoregon.com/profiles/jordanvalley/index.html |website=SouthernOregon.com |access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref> The Basques also constructed several sandstone buildings, including three boarding houses,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Etulain |first1=Richard |title=Basques |url=https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/basques/ |website=Oregon Encyclopedia |access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref> and (with the help of local Irish immigrants) the St. Bernard's Catholic Church, which can still be seen today.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://stbernardsjordanvalley.com/history/ |website=St Bernard's Catholic Church |date=27 November 2016 |access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref> Basque immigration to the area slowed with the passing of the [[Taylor Grazing Act of 1934]], which favored cattle ranching over sheep, the Basques' preferred livestock.<ref name="OEJV" /> To this day, a majority of the town's population identify as being of Basque Heritage.

===Declining population===
Jordan Valley's population steadily dwindled after the 1920s, with the only notable growth being correlated with the 1977 opening of the [[DeLamar Mine]], and its reopening by the [[Kinross Gold Corporation]] in 1993, when the population grew from 376 to 446. The mine closed in 1999, and by 2016, the population of Jordan Valley had dwindled to around 175.<ref name="OEJV" /> In 2017, Integra Resources Corporation purchased the mine,<ref>{{cite press release |title=Integra Resources to Acquire DeLamar Project From Kinross Gold |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2017/09/19/1124500/0/en/Integra-Resources-to-Acquire-DeLamar-Project-From-Kinross-Gold.html |website=GlobeNewsWire.com |date=19 September 2017 |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref> but as of 2019, is still in the process of researching and planning future silver mining operations for the site.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arendas |first1=Peter |title=Integra Resources: PEA Confirms Potential Of The DeLamar Project, But Patience Is Needed |url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/4293979-integra-resources-pea-confirms-potential-delamar-project-patience-needed |website=SeekingAlpha |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref>

Residents travel to a grocery store facility in [[Homedale, Idaho]] because the last grocery store in Jordan Valley stopped operations in 2001.<ref name=Lalande>{{cite book|last=Lalande|first=Jeff|chapter-url=https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/narratives/high-desert-history-southeastern-oregon/part-of-the-wider-world/challenges-ahead/|chapter=Challenges Ahead|title=High Desert History: Southeastern Oregon|publisher=Oregon History Project|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|2.08|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-12-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=2012-07-02 }}</ref>

Jordan Valley's most prominent geographical landmark is the blunt [[plateau]] across [[Jordan Creek (Owyhee River tributary)|Jordan Creek]] and adjacent to town, Pharmacy Hill.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gottberg Anderson |first1=John |title=Northwest travel: Owyhee country |url=https://www.bendbulletin.com/slideshows/1447418-151/northwest-travel-owyhee-country |access-date=19 October 2019 |work=Bend Bulletin}}</ref>

Jordan Valley's main occupations are cattle ranching and sheep herding. People in those occupations typically live far from town on homesteads, but use Jordan Valley as their cultural and economic center. People within Jordan Valley primarily provide a number of services to tourists passing through on [[U.S. Route 95]], which is the primary road from [[Boise, Idaho]] to [[Reno, Nevada]].

Jordan Valley is known for its excellent hunting and fishing as well as its proximity to [[Jordan Craters]], an extinct volcanic field. Other popular areas nearby include [[Leslie Gulch]], [[Cow Lakes]], [[Antelope Reservoir]], and [[Three Forks (Oregon)|Three Forks]] to the south.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1900= 110
|1910= 200
|1920= 355
|1930= 306
|1940= 274
|1950= 236
|1960= 204
|1970= 196
|1980= 473
|1990= 364
|2000= 239
|2010= 181
|2020= 130
|footnote=source:<ref>Moffatt, Riley.  ''Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990''.  [[Lanham, Maryland|Lanham]]: Scarecrow, 1996, 211.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2007-41.csv|title=Subcounty population estimates: Oregon 2000-2007|format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]]|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=2009-03-18|access-date=2009-05-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515142717/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2007-41.csv|archive-date=2009-05-15}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 181 people, 94 households, and 53 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|87.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 149 housing units at an average density of {{convert|71.6|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 95.0% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], and 1.7% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 6.6% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21}}</ref>

There were 94 households, of which 17.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.6% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.45.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median age in the city was 55.9 years. 14.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 12.7% were from 25 to 44; 38.1% were from 45 to 64; and 32% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

===2000 census===
As of the census of 2000, there were 239 people, 109 households, and 66 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|114.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 140 housing units at an average density of {{convert|67.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 93.72% White, 0.42% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.42% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.67% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

There were 109 households, out of which 20.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.85.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 30.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median income for a household in the city was $25,313, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $32,917 versus $16,750 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,501. About 13.5% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 22.0% of those under the age of 18 and 8.9% of those 65 or over.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

==Healthcare==
[[Nampa, Idaho]] has the hospital in the closest proximity.<ref name=Lalande/>

==Education==
Jordan Valley is served by the [[Jordan Valley School District 3]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41045_malheur/DC20SD_C41045.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Malheur County, OR|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2022-07-15}}</ref> including [[Jordan Valley High School]].

The section of Malheur County in which this community is located in is not in any community college district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clatsopcc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/02-2-OR-CC-color-map.pdf|title=Oregon Community Colleges and Community College Districts|publisher=[[Oregon Department of Community Colleges & Workforce Development]]|accessdate=2022-07-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/e-k/jordan-valley.aspx Entry for Jordan Valley] in the ''[[Oregon Blue Book]]''

{{Malheur County, Oregon}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Malheur County, Oregon]]
[[Category:Ontario, Oregon micropolitan area]]
[[Category:Basque-American culture in Oregon]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1911]]
[[Category:1911 establishments in Oregon]]