Editing John of Bohemia

{{Short description|King of Bohemia from 1310 to 1346}}
{{Redirect|John of Luxembourg|other people|John of Luxembourg, Count of Soissons|and|John II, Count of Ligny|and|John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir}}
{{Redirect|John the Blind|the producer and songwriter|John Ryan (songwriter)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = John the Blind
| image        = Bust of John the Blind (died 1346), Count of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, St Vitus Cathedral, Prague.jpg
| caption      = 14th-century bust of John of Bohemia, [[St. Vitus Cathedral]] in Prague with the coat of arms of Bohemia and Luxembourg
| succession   = [[King of Bohemia]]
| reign        = 31 August 1310 – {{nowrap|26 August 1346}}
| coronation   = 7 February 1311, [[Prague]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Route|url=http://www.kralovskacesta.cz/en/texts/the-royal-route.html |work=Královská cesta|access-date=11 July 2013|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924213346/http://www.kralovskacesta.cz/en/texts/the-royal-route.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| predecessor  = [[Henry of Bohemia|Henry]]
| successor    = [[Emperor Charles IV]]
| succession1  = [[Count of Luxembourg]], [[Arlon]] and [[Durbuy]]
| reign1       = 24 August 1313 – {{nowrap|26 August 1346}}
| predecessor1 = [[Emperor Henry VII]]
| successor1   = [[Emperor Charles IV]]
| spouse       = {{Plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)|Elizabeth of Bohemia]]|1 September 1310|1330|end=d}}
* {{marriage|[[Beatrice of Bourbon, Queen of Bohemia|Beatrice of Bourbon]]<br/>|December 1334}}
}}
| issue        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Margaret of Bohemia, Duchess of Bavaria|Margaret, Duchess of Bavaria]]
* [[Bonne of Bohemia|Bonne, Duchess of Normandy]]
* [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]]
* [[John Henry, Margrave of Moravia]]
* [[Anne of Bohemia (1323–1338)|Anna, Duchess of Austria]]
* [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg|Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg and Brabant]]
* [[Nicolaus of Luxemburg|Nicolaus]] (illegitimate)
}}
| house        = [[House of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
| father       = [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor]]
| mother       = [[Margaret of Brabant]]
| birth_date   = 10 August 1296
| birth_place  = Luxembourg{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}
| death_date   = {{death date and age|26 August 1346|10 August 1296|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]]
| place of burial = [[Altmünster Abbey]], [[Luxembourg]]
}}
[[File:Monnaie - Pays-Bas, Luxembourg, Jean Ier l'Aveugle, royal - btv1b113427812 (1 of 2).jpg|thumb|Gold [[florin]] coin of John the Blind of Bohemia]]
'''John of Bohemia''', also called '''the Blind''' or '''of Luxembourg''' ({{langx|lb|Jang de Blannen}}; {{langx|de|Johann der Blinde}}; {{langx|cs|Jan Lucemburský}}; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the [[Count of Luxembourg]] from 1313 and [[King of Bohemia]] from 1310 and titular [[King of Poland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg|url=https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730221120/https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-EN.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live |accessdate=February 25, 2019|website=Service information et presse}}</ref> He is well known for having died while fighting in the [[Battle of Crécy]] at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. In his home country of [[Luxembourg]], he is considered a [[national hero]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lequotidien.lu/culture/luxemburgensia-jean-laveugle/|title=&#91;Luxemburgensia&#93; Jean l'aveugle |date=19 January 2017 |website=[[Le Quotidien (Luxembourg)|le Quotidien]] |language=fr}}</ref> Comparatively, in the [[Czech Republic]] (anciently the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]), Jan Lucemburský is often recognized for his role as the father of [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], one of the more significant [[King of Bohemia|Kings of Bohemia]] and one of the leading Holy Roman Emperors.

==Early life==
John was the eldest son of [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[Margaret of Brabant]], who was the daughter of [[John&nbsp;I, Duke of Brabant]] and [[Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Brabant|Margaret of Flanders]]. Born in [[Bock (Luxembourg)|Luxembourg]] and raised in [[Paris]], John was French by education but deeply involved in the politics of [[Germany]].

[[File: John of Luxemburg-Wedding.jpg|thumb|left|John's wedding to Elisabeth of Bohemia at [[Speyer]]]]
In 1310, his father arranged the marriage of 14-year-old John to [[Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)|Elizabeth of Bohemia]].{{sfn|Holladay|2019|p=82}} The wedding took place in Speyer, after which the newlyweds made their way to [[Prague]] accompanied by a group led by the experienced diplomat and expert on Czech issues, [[Peter of Aspelt]], Archbishop of Mainz. Because the emperor had imperial Czech regiments accompany and protect the couple from [[Nuremberg]] to Prague, John was thus forced to invade [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] on behalf of his wife Elizabeth.{{sfn|Agnew|2004|p=30}} The Czech forces were able to gain control of Prague and [[Deposition (politics)|depose]] the reigning king, [[Henry of Carinthia|Henry of Gorizia, King of Bohemia]], on 3 December 1310. The deposed King Henry fled with his wife [[Anne of Bohemia (1290–1313)|Anne of Bohemia]] (the sister of John's wife) to his duchy (the [[Duchy of Carinthia]]). The [[coronation]] of John and Elizabeth to the Bohemian throne took place on 7 February 1311, making them King and Queen of Bohemia.{{sfn|Agnew|2004|p=30}} The castle at Prague was uninhabitable, so John made residence in one of the houses on the Old Town Square, and with the help of his advisors, he stabilized affairs in the Czech state. He thereby became one of the seven [[prince-elector]]s of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and – in succession of his brother-in-law Wenceslaus III of Bohemia – claimant to the [[History of Poland (966–1385)|Polish]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] throne. His attempts to follow his father as [[King of the Romans]] failed with the election of [[Louis IV of Bavaria]] in 1314. Nevertheless, John later would support Louis IV in his rivalry with [[Frederick the Fair|Frederick the Fair, King of Germany]], culminating in the 1322 [[Battle of Mühldorf]] in which, in return, he received the Czech region of [[Egerland]] as a reward.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

== Problems with nobility ==
Like his predecessor Henry, he was disliked by much of the [[Czechs|Czech]] nobility. John was considered an "alien king" and gave up the administration of Bohemia after a while and embarked on a life of travel. He parted ways with his wife and left the Czech country to be ruled by the barons while spending time in Luxembourg and the French court.{{sfn|Teich|1998|p=53-55}}

John's travels took him to [[Silesia]], [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]], [[Kingdom of Italy (medieval)|Northern Italy]] and [[Avignon Papacy|Papal Avignon]]. A rival of King [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]] to the Polish crown, John supported the [[Teutonic Knights]] in the [[Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)|Polish–Teutonic War from 1326 to 1332]]. He also made several [[Duchies of Silesia|Silesian dukes]] swear an oath of allegiance to him. In 1335 in [[Congress of Visegrád (1335)|Congress of Visegrád]], Władysław's successor King [[Casimir III the Great]] of Poland paid a significant amount of money in exchange for John's giving up his claim to the Polish throne.{{sfn|Middleton|2015|p=154}}

[[File:John I, Count of Luxemburg.jpg|left|thumbnail|Seal of John of Bohemia. The Latin inscription on the border of the seal reads: {{smallcaps|iohannes dei grat boemie et pol rex lvcembvrg comes}}]]
John's first steps as king were re-establishing authority and securing peace within the country. In 1311, he reached an agreement with the Bohemian and Moravian aristocracy, referred to as the "inaugural diplomas", with which John restricted the relations of both the ruler and aristocracy. The aristocracy was, however, allowed to hold the right to elect the king, to decide the matter of extraordinary taxation, the right to their property, and the right to choose freely whether or not to offer military support to the king in foreign wars. However, the aristocracy was encouraged to raise armies when peace within the country was threatened. On the other hand, the king's right to appoint a foreign official to office was abolished. John structured these agreements to provide a basis for consolidating the ruler's power within the Bohemian kingdom. The agreements weren't as successful as John intended. The aristocracy did not intend to surrender its property and the influence it gained after Wenceslas II died.

The growing tensions within the aristocracy and the lack of communication due to John's consistent absence in Bohemia led to a competition between two factions of the Czech nobility. One party, led by [[Jindřich of Lipá]], gained the trust of John. The other party, led by Vilém Zajíc of Valdek (Latin: ''Wilhelmus Lepus de Waldek'';<ref>{{cite web |url=http://digilander.libero.it/vlepore47/a-origini-boemia.htm |title=Origini del Cognome Lepore in Boemia e Moravia (Cechia e Slovacchia) |trans-title=Origins of the Surname Lepore in Bohemia and Moravia (Czechia and Slovakia) |first=Vittorino |last=Lepore |website=Genealogia di Tutti I Lepore: Nati a Gemona del Friuli dal 1300 ad Oggi |language=it}}</ref> German: [[:de:Wilhelm Hase von Waldeck|Wilhelm Hase von Waldeck]]), convinced the Queen that Lord Lipá intended to overthrow John. Consequently, in 1315, John had Jindřich imprisoned.

By 1318, John had reconciled with the nobility and recognised their rights, further establishing dualism of the Estates and a government division between the king and the nobles.{{clear|left}}

== International politics ==
Foreign politics, rather than Czech, appealed to John, as he was gifted at it. With the help of his father, Henry, John was able to pressure the [[Habsburgs]] into reaching an agreement over [[Moravia]]. He was also able to pressure the [[House of Wettin]], princes of [[Saxony]], to give over the territory lying to the northern border of the Czech state. John also decided to improve relations with the Silesian principalities close to Bohemia and Moravia in economic and political standings. [[File:Náběh Jana Lucemburského k založení české velmoci v druhé třetině století XIV.jpg|thumb|Lands ruled by John of Bohemia (bold borders) compared with the [[First Czechoslovak Republic]] (grey).]]

The international spectrum was further broadened for John when his father named him [[Imperial Vicar]], his deputy for the governance of the Empire. This allowed John to reach further, and he contributed to the imperial coronation along with helping with the conclusion of the Italian territorial wars. In 1313, Henry died suddenly, ending this collaboration between him and John. However, through Henry's death, a spot for the imperial crown opened up, making John a possible candidate, the other two candidates being [[Frederick the Fair|Fredrick of Habsburg]] and [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis of Bavaria]].

In attempts not to support Fredrick, John voted for Louis at the diet of electors. In return for his support, Louis, as the new emperor, promised the support in territorial claims of the Czech state in [[Silesia]] and [[Meissen]] as well as the region of [[Cheb]] and the [[Upper Palatinate]]. Later, in 1319, after the Brandenburg [[House of Ascania]] died out, John regained control over the Bautzen region and then the Görlitz region in 1329.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Jaroslav |last1=Pánek |first2=Oldřich |last2=Tůma |name-list-style=amp |date=2009 |title=A History of the Czech Lands |location=Prague |publisher=[[Karolinum Press]] |pages=121–125 |isbn=978-8-024616452}}</ref>

In 1322/23, King John became unsettled by Louis's growing power and allied with France and Austria against him. The dispute would escalate with his son Charles claiming the Imperial crown in opposition to Louis.<ref>{{cite web |title=Louis IV Holy Roman emperor|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-IV-Holy-Roman-emperor |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>

== Death ==
[[File:Le Boucq - Jean de Luxembourg (1296-1346), roi de Bohême.jpg|thumb|left|Portrait from the [[Recueil d'Arras]]]]John lost his eyesight at age 39 or 40 from [[ophthalmia]] in 1336, while crusading in Lithuania. A treatment by the famous physician [[Guy de Chauliac]] had no positive effects. At the outbreak of the [[Hundred Years' War]] in 1337, he allied with King [[Philip VI of France]] and was even appointed governor of [[Languedoc]] from 30 November 1338 to November 1340. At the [[Battle of Crécy]] in 1346 John controlled Phillip's advanced guard along with managing the large contingents of [[Charles II of Alençon]] and [[Louis I, Count of Flanders]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Robin |last=Neillands |date=1990 |title=The Hundred Years' War |location=London |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=100 |isbn=978-0-415071499}}</ref> John was killed at age 50 while fighting against the [[Kingdom of England|English]] during the battle. The medieval chronicler [[Jean Froissart]] left the following account of John's last actions:

{{blockquote|...for all that he was nigh blind, when he understood the order of the battle, he said to them about him: 'Where is the lord Charles my son?' His men said: 'Sir, we cannot tell; we think he be fighting.' Then he said: 'Sirs, ye are my men, my companions and friends in this journey: I require you bring me so far forward, that I may strike one stroke with my sword.' They said they would do his commandment, and to the intent that they should not lose him in the press, they tied all their reins of their bridles each to other and set the king before to accomplish his desire, and so they went on their enemies. The lord Charles of Bohemia his son, who wrote himself king of Almaine and bare the arms, he came in good order to the battle; but when he saw that the matter went awry on their party, he departed, I cannot tell you which way. The king his father was so far forward that he strake a stroke with his sword, yea and more than four, and fought valiantly and so did his company; and they adventured themselves so forward, that they were there all slain, and the next day they were found in the place about the king, and all their horses tied each to other.}}

According to the ''Cronica ecclesiae Pragensis Benesii Krabice de Weitmile'',<ref>Benessius de Weitmil (ca. 1300–1375) was a [[Cistercian]] monk who wrote the ''[https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10011325?page=9 Chronicon Ecclesiae Pragensis]''.[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/4ZPZBY42FYK2MCKPSLTN4EVTQAMK63H4?query=affiliate_fct_role_normdata%3A%28%22http%3A%2F%2Fd-nb.info%2Fgnd%2F102424365_1_affiliate_fct_involved%22%29&rows=20&offset=0&viewType=list&firstHit=4ZPZBY42FYK2MCKPSLTN4EVTQAMK63H4&lastHit=lasthit&hitNumber=1 Scriptores rerum Bohemicarum.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135412/https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/4ZPZBY42FYK2MCKPSLTN4EVTQAMK63H4?query=affiliate_fct_role_normdata%3A%28%22http%3A%2F%2Fd-nb.info%2Fgnd%2F102424365_1_affiliate_fct_involved%22%29&rows=20&offset=0&viewType=list&firstHit=4ZPZBY42FYK2MCKPSLTN4EVTQAMK63H4&lastHit=lasthit&hitNumber=1 |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> when told by his aides that the battle against the English at Crécy was lost and he better should flee to save his own life, John the Blind replied: "''Absit, ut rex Boemie fugeret, sed illuc me ducite, ubi maior strepitus certaminis vigeret, Dominus sit nobiscum, nil timeamus, tantum filium meum diligenter custodite.'' ("Far be it that the King of Bohemia should run away. Instead, take me to the place where the noise of the battle is the loudest. The Lord will be with us. Nothing to fear. Just take good care of my son.")<ref>"''Cumque fuisset regi Iohanni, quia Francigene fugissent, relatum et ipse, [ut] presidio fuge suam et suorum vitam conservaret, exhortatus, respondit: '''Absit, ut rex Boemie fugeret, sed illuc me ducite, ubi maior strepitus certaminis vigeret, Dominus sit nobiscum, nil timeamus, tantum filium meum diligenter custodite.''' Cumque fuisset ductus in locum pugne, ecce rex Iohannes pluribus telis sagittatus mortem subiit, et multi nobiles regni Boemie cum eodem, in vigilia beati Rufi martiris, XXVI die Augusti.''" Source: [http://www.clavmon.cz/clavis/FRRB/chronica/CRONICA%20ECCLESIAE%20PRAGENSIS.htm CRONICA ECCLESIAE PRAGENSIS BENESSII KRABICE DE WEITMILE], clavmon.cz</ref><ref>The same quote on page 341 of the Prague edition from 1784: [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10011325?page=385 Benessii De Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiae Pragensis].</ref>

John was succeeded as King of [[Bohemia]] by his eldest son, [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles]]. In [[Luxembourg]], he was succeeded by [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg|Wenceslaus]], his son by his second wife.

== Burial ==
[[File:John of Bohemia.jpg|alt=|thumb|John's tomb in the crypt of the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Luxembourg City]]
The body of John the Blind was moved to [[Altmünster Abbey|Kloster Altmünster]] ("Old-Minster Abbey") in Luxembourg. When the abbey was destroyed in 1543, the corpse was moved to [[Neumünster Abbey|Kloster Neumünster]] ("New-Minster Abbey") in Luxembourg. During the confusion of the [[French Revolution]], the mortal remains were salvaged by the Boch industrialist family (founders of [[Villeroy & Boch]], ennobled in 1892) and hidden in an attic room in [[Mettlach]] on the [[Saar (river)|Saar River]]. The legend is that the abbey monks asked Pierre-Joseph Boch for this favour.

His son Jean-François Boch met with the future King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]] on his voyage through the [[Rhineland]] in 1833, offering the remains as a gift. As Frederick William counted John the Blind among his ancestors, he ordered [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] to construct a funeral chapel. The chapel was built in 1834 and 1835 near [[Kastel-Staadt]] on a rock above the town. In 1838, on the anniversary of his death, John the Blind was laid in a black marble [[sarcophagus]] in a public ceremony.

In 1945, the Luxembourg government took the chance to obtain possession of the bones. In a [[cloak and dagger]] operation, the remains were moved to the crypt of the [[Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg]]. The inscription on the tomb reads: "{{lang|la|{{Smallcaps|[[Deo optimo maximo|D.O.M.]] Hoc Sub Altari Servatur Ioannes, Rex Bohemiæ, Comes Luxemburgensis, Henrici vii Imperatoris Filius, Caroli iv Imperatoris Pater Wenceslai, Et Sigismundi Imperatorum Avus, Princeps Animo Maximus, obiit mcccxl 30 au.}}}}"<!-- 30 August was used in error, as was the year 1340 --><ref>Translation: To God, most good, most great. Under this altar is preserved John, King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg, son of Emperor Henry VII, father of Emperor Charles IV, grandfather of Emperors Wenceslas and Sigismund, a leader very great in spirit. Died August 30, 1340 {{sic}}.</ref>

==Family and children==
[[File:Coat of Arms of John of Bohemia (the Blind) as King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg.svg|125px|thumb|right|Coat of Arms of John the Blind, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia.]]
John was married twice:

First, to [[Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)|Elisabeth of Bohemia]], the daughter of King [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia]].{{sfn|Lodge|1924|p=275}} In this marriage he had the following children:
# [[Margaret of Bohemia, Duchess of Bavaria|Margaret of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bavaria]] (8 July 1313 – 11 July 1341, [[Prague]]), married in [[Straubing]] 12 August 1328 to [[Henry XIV, Duke of Bavaria]]{{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}}
# [[Bonne of Bohemia|Bonne of Luxembourg, Duchess of Normandy]] (21 May 1315 – 11 September 1349, [[Maubuisson Abbey|Maubuisson]], born "Judith"), married in [[Melun]] 6 August 1332 to [[John II of France|John, Duke of Normandy]],{{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}} who later became King John II of France after her death.
# [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV of Luxembourg]] (14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378), who succeeded him as King of Bohemia and later became [[Holy Roman Emperor]]{{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}}
# Ottokar ("Otto") (22 November 1318 – 20 April 1320), Prince of Bohemia{{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}}
# [[John Henry, Margrave of Moravia|John Henry of Luxembourg]] (Jan Jindřich) (12 February 1322, [[Mělník]] – 12 November 1375), [[Margrave]] of [[Moravia]]{{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}}
# [[Anne of Bohemia (1323–1338)|Anna of Luxembourg, Duchess of Austria]] (1323 – 3 September 1338), twin of Elizabeth, married 16 February 1335 to [[Otto, Duke of Austria]]{{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}}
# Elizabeth (1323–1324){{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}}

Second (December 1334), to [[Beatrice of Bourbon (1320–1383)|Beatrice of Bourbon]],{{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}} daughter of [[Louis I, Duke of Bourbon]]. This marriage produced one son:

# [[Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg]] (25 February 1337 – 7 December 1383), [[List of Counts and Dukes of Luxembourg|Duke of Luxembourg]] and later [[Duke of Brabant|Brabant]] through his marriage to the heiress [[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant]].{{sfn|Boehm|Fajt|2005|p=xvi}}

His illegitimate son [[Nicolaus of Aquileia|Nicolaus]] was [[Patriarch of Aquileia]] from 1350 to 1358.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last=Agnew |first=Hugh L. |title=The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown |publisher=Hoover Institution Press |year=2004 }}
*{{cite book |title=Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347-1437 |editor-first1=Barbara Drake |editor-last1=Boehm |editor-first2=Jiri |editor-last2=Fajt |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2005 }}
*{{cite book |title=Genealogy and the Politics of Representation in the High and Late Middle Ages |first=Joan A. |last=Holladay |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019}}
*{{cite book |title=The End of the Middle Age, 1273-1453 |first=Eleanor Constance |last=Lodge |publisher=Methuen & Company Limited |year=1924 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.bartleby.com/35/1/110.html |title=The Chronicles of Froissart (translated by Lord Berners, edited by G.C. Macaulay). The Harvard Classics|website=www.bartleby.com|date=26 August 2022 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.clavmon.cz/clavis/FRRB/chronica/CRONICA%20ECCLESIAE%20PRAGENSIS.htm|title=CRONICA ECCLESIAE PRAGENSIS BENESSII KRABICE DE WEITMILE|website= www.clavmon.cz}}
*{{cite book |last=Teich |first=Mikuláš |title=Bohemia in History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 }}
*{{cite book |chapter=Casimir III |title=World Monarchies and Dynasties |first=John |last=Middleton |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2015 }}

== Further reading ==
* Neillands, Robin. ''The Hundred Years' War''. London: Routledge, 1990.
* Teich, Mikuláš. ''Bohemia in History''. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 53–55. Print.
* Pánek, Jaroslav, and Oldřich Tůma. ''A History Of The Czech Lands''. Prague: [[Karolinum Press]], 2009. 121–25. Print.

==External links==
* {{wikiquote-inline}} 
* {{commons category-inline}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=John of Bohemia|volume=15|pages=440–441}}
* [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028319949/cu31924028319949_djvu.txt History of some of John's four resting places as of 1913, when this book was written. He is now in a fifth.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120612014408/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~tayl0010/history.htm Brief history of Czech lands]
* [https://www.academia.edu/1512598/Konflikt_i_pojednanie_w_spoleczenstwie_sredniowiecznym._Przypadek_Fryderyka_z_Schoenburga_i_biskupa_olomunieckiego_Dytryka_1285_ Social History in Bohemia during the 13th into the 14th century]
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou | [[House of Luxembourg]] | 10 August| 1296 | 26 August| 1346 }}

{{s-bef
| before = [[Henry of Carinthia|Henry]] 
}}
{{s-ttl
| title  = [[King of Bohemia]]
       | years  = 1310–1346 
}}
{{s-aft
| after  = [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV & I]] 
| rows   = 2 
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]] 
}}
{{s-ttl
| title  = [[Count of Luxembourg]]
       | years  = 1313–1346 
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Bohemia}}
{{Monarchs of Luxembourg}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John of Bohemia}}
[[Category:1296 births]]
[[Category:1346 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century people from Bohemia]]
[[Category:14th-century Luxembourgian people]]
[[Category:14th-century monarchs of Bohemia]]
[[Category:14th-century monarchs of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Luxembourgian blind people]]
[[Category:Blind royalty and nobility]]
[[Category:Burials at Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Counts of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Czech military leaders]]
[[Category:House of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Medieval child monarchs]]
[[Category:Kings of medieval Bohemia]]
[[Category:Monarchs killed in action]]
[[Category:Nobility from Paris]]
[[Category:Christians of the Northern Crusades]]
[[Category:Royal reburials]]
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]