Editing John Wentworth (Illinois politician)

{{Short description|American newspaper editor and politician (1815–1888)}}

{{Infobox officeholder
|name = John Wentworth
|image = John Wentworth of Chicago (3x4).jpeg
|imagesize =
|caption = Illustrated portrait of Wentworth
|birth_date = {{birth date|1815|3|5}}
|birth_place = [[Sandwich, New Hampshire]], U.S.
|death_date = {{death date and age|1888|10|16|1815|3|5}}
|death_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
|residence = Chicago, Illinois
|office = Mayor of Chicago
|order = 19th & 21st
|term_start1 = March 22, 1860<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor John Wentworth Inaugural Address, 1860 |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-john-wentworth-inaugural-address-1860/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019220644/http://www.chipublib.org/mayor-john-wentworth-inaugural-address-1860/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|term_end1 = May 6, 1861<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Julian Sidney Rumsey Inaugural Address, 1861 |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-julian-sidney-rumsey-inaugural-address-1861-2/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-date=April 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410131220/http://www.chipublib.org/mayor-julian-sidney-rumsey-inaugural-address-1861-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|predecessor1 = [[John Charles Haines]]
|successor1 = [[Julian Sidney Rumsey]]
|term_start2 = March 10, 1857<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor John Wentworth Inaugural Address, 1857 |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-john-wentworth-inaugural-address-1857/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019220717/http://www.chipublib.org/mayor-john-wentworth-inaugural-address-1857/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|term_end2 = March 2, 1858<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor John Charles Haines Biography |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-john-charles-haines-biography/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021133844/https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-john-charles-haines-biography/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|predecessor2 = [[Thomas Dyer]]
|successor2 = John Charles Haines
|office3 = Member of the <br /> [[U.S. House of Representatives]] <br /> from [[Illinois]]
|constituency3 = [[Illinois's 1st congressional district|1st]]
|term_start3 = March 4, 1865
|term_end3 = March 3, 1867
|predecessor3 = [[Isaac N. Arnold]]
|successor3 = [[Norman B. Judd]]
|constituency4 = [[Illinois's 2nd congressional district|2nd]]
|term_start4 = March 4, 1853
|term_end4 = March 3, 1855
|predecessor4 = [[Willis Allen]]
|successor4 = [[James Hutchinson Woodworth]]
|constituency5 = [[Illinois's 4th congressional district|4th]]
|term_start5 = March 4, 1843
|term_end5 = March 3, 1851
|predecessor5 = ''District created''
|successor5 = [[Richard S. Molony]]
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (1843–1855) <br /> [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1857)
|spouse = Roxanna Marie Loomis
}}

'''John Wentworth''' (March 5, 1815 – October 16, 1888), nicknamed '''Long John''', was the editor of the ''[[Chicago Democrat]],'' publisher of an extensive [[Wentworth family]] genealogy, a two-term mayor of Chicago, and a six-term member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] (serving tenured in that body both before and after his service as mayor).

After growing up in New Hampshire, he joined the migration west and moved to the developing city of Chicago in 1836, where he made his adult life. Wentworth was affiliated with the [[History of the Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] until 1855; then he changed to the [[History of the Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. After retiring from politics, he wrote a three-volume genealogy of the Wentworth family in the United States.<ref>Don E. Fehrenbacher, ''Chicago Giant: A Biography of "Long John" Wentworth'' (1957).</ref>

==Early life and education==
John Wentworth was born in [[Sandwich, New Hampshire]]. He was educated at the [[New Hampton School|New Hampton Literary Institute]]<ref>Merrill, Gowan et al., ''A Small Gore of Land,'' 1977</ref> and at the academy of [[Dudley Leavitt (publisher)|Dudley Leavitt]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfEUAAAAYAAJ&q=%22dudley+leavitt%22&pg=PA287 |title=The Wentworth Genealogy, John Wentworth, Vol. 2, A. Mudge & Son, 1870 |access-date=2011-05-01|year=1870 |last1=Wentworth |first1=John }}</ref> Known as "Long John" he was 6 foot 6 inches in height.{{sfn|Merriner|2004|p=25}} He graduated from [[Dartmouth College]] in 1836.

==Migration west and career==
Later that year, Wentworth joined a migration west and moved to Chicago, arriving in the city on October 25, 1836.<ref name=cotc/> He became managing editor of Chicago's first newspaper, the ''Chicago Democrat,'' eventually becoming its owner and publisher.<ref name=cotc/> He owned the paper for 25 years.{{sfn|Merriner|2004|p=25}}

Wentworth was admitted to the [[bar (law)|bar]] in 1841.<ref name=cotc/>

He started a [[Practice of law|law practice]] and entered politics. He was a business partner of Illinois financier [[Jacob Bunn]], and the two men were two of the incorporators of the Chicago Secure Depository Company.

==Marriage and family==
In 1844, he married Roxanna Marie Loomis. <!-- any children? -->

In later years, his nephew [[Moses J. Wentworth]] handled his business affairs, and would eventually manage his estate as well.

==Political career==
{{citations needed|section|date=February 2025}}
[[File:Appletons' Wentworth William - John (2).jpg|thumb|Illustration of Wentworth]]

Wentworth served two separate one-year terms as mayor of Chicago (1857–1858 and 1860–1861) as well as three separate stints in the [[United States House of Representatives]] totaling six terms (1843–1851; 1853–1855; 1865–1867). The first five of his congressional terms were as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], while the final was as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]. His first mayoral term was as a Republican, while his second was as a Democrat.

===Early political career===
Wentworth started his political involvement as a [[Jacksonian democracy|Jacksonian democrat]], and promoted these views in the ''Chicago Democrat''.<ref name=cotc>{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Donald L. |title=City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America |date=2014 |publisher=Rosetta Books |isbn=978-0-7953-3985-1 |pages=102–104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_WlsDwAAQBAJ |access-date=17 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> After he supported the [[1837 Chicago mayoral election|1837]] mayoral candidacy of [[William B. Ogden|William Ogden]], including throwing the newspaper behind Ogden's candidacy, he was appointed by Odgen to serve in the post of city printer.<ref name=cotc/>

===U.S. Congressman from Illinois's 4th district (1843–1851)===
Wentworth, having become active in Democratic politics, was elected [[1842 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|in 1842]] to represent [[Illinois's 4th congressional district]] in the U.S. House of Representatives. He took office in March 1843. He was re-elected in [[1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|1844]], [[1846 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|1846]], and[[1848 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|1848]].

===U.S. Congressman from Illinois's 2nd district (1853–1855)===
Wentworth returned to the U.S. House of Representatives in March 1853, having been elected [[1852 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|in 1852]] to represent [[Illinois's 2nd congressional district]]. He did not run for  re-election [[1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|1854]], and left office in March 1855.

According to city historians in [[Sandwich, Illinois]], Wentworth was one of the key individuals who was responsible for the city getting a railroad stop.  The town, which at the time, was called "Newark Station", was given the station, and in turn, the town gave Wentworth the honor of naming the town, which he subsequently named after his hometown, Sandwich, New Hampshire.  It is also to note that the boundary line dispute with Wisconsin would have cut through present-day Sandwich, as it straddles the northern border with neighboring LaSalle County, which would have been the State Line had Wentworth not been successful in moving the line north

===Chicago mayoralties (1857–1858; 1860–1861)===
Wentworth  returned to Chicago and affiliated with the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. Running as a Republican, he elected [[mayor of Chicago|the mayor]]  of Chicago [[1857 Chicago mayoral election|in 1857.]] He served two terms, 1857–1858 and 1860–1861 (being elected to his second term in the [[1860 Chicago mayoral election]]). In his second term, he again affiliated with the Democratic Party.

As mayor Wentworth instituted the use of [[chain gang]]s of prisoners in the city as laborers.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

In July 1857, while serving as mayor of Chicago, Wentworth was charged with assaulting an attorney named Charles Cameron, who was attempting to communicate with his incarcerated client. Cameron testified that Wentworth "seized him by the coat collar and shirt bosom" and forcibly removed him from the prison, alleging that he had resisted officers. Wentworth, after requesting the case be delayed twice, refused to appear in court. The Judge found in favor of Cameron and charged Wentworth amounts of $25 "and costs" of $200.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mayor Wentworth Fined For Assault and Battery|work=Chicago Tribune|date=July 21, 1857}}</ref>
 
In his effort to clean up the city's [[morals]], he hired spies to determine who was frequenting Chicago's brothels. In 1857, Wentworth led a raid on "the Sands," Chicago's [[red-light district]], which resulted in the burning of the area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1957/03/03/page/E19/article/when-long-john-ran-chicago|title=When LONG JOHN RAN CHICAGO (March 3, 1957)|access-date=2017-06-20}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In [[1862 Chicago mayoral election|1862]], many of the city's Republicans had hoped to nominate him as the Republican nominee for mayor, but [[Charles N. Holden]] successfully defeated these efforts and secured the nomination for himself.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Simpson |first1=Dick |title=Rogues, Rebels, And Rubber Stamps: The Politics Of The Chicago City Council, 1863 To The Present |date=8 March 2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-97719-0 |language=en |page=30}}</ref>

===U.S. Congressman from Illinois's 1st district (1865–1867)===
[[File:John-wentworth.jpg|thumb|Print of Wentworth]]

In 1864, Wentworth ran for Congress as a Republican, and was elected for his last term (serving March 4, 1865{{spaced ndash}}March 3, 1867) representing [[Illinois's 1st congressional district]].<ref name="BioCongress1">{{cite web |title=Bioguide Search |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000295 |website=bioguide.congress.gov (Biographical Biography of the United States Congress) |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=18 February 2025}}</ref> While he was in the House, there was a controversial vote to settle a boundary issue between [[Wisconsin]] and Illinois, with Wisconsin claiming land as far as the tip of [[Lake Michigan]]. Wentworth was promised that if he voted to give the land including Chicago to Wisconsin, he would be appointed to the US Senate. Wentworth declined the offer.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fehrenbacher|first=Don E.|title=Chicago Giant: A Biography of "Long John" Wentworth |url=https://archive.org/details/chicagogiantbiog00fehr| publisher = American History Research Center|year=1957|location=Madison, WI|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chicagogiantbiog00fehr/page/36 36–7]}}</ref>

===Chicago Board of Education (1860–1863; 1867–1871)=== 
From 1860 until 1863, Wentworth served on the Chicago Board of Education. Wentworth again served on the [[Chicago Board of Education]] from 1867 until 1871.<ref name="AndreasBoard1">{{cite book |last1=Andreas |first1=Alfred Theodore |title=From 1857 until the fire of 1871 |date=1885 |publisher=A. T. Andreas |pages=103–104 |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=F9A4AQAAMAAJ&pg=GBS.PA102 |access-date=2 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Per some sources, he was [[president of the Chicago Board of Education|board president]] in 1869,<ref name="AndreasBoard1"/> while other sources name S.A. Briggs as having held the office that year instead.<ref name="munsell">{{cite book |title=History of Chicago, Illinois. v.2. |publisher=Munsell & co |location=Chicago and New York City |pages=89 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuo.ark:/13960/t8tb10r42&view=1up&seq=117 |language=en}}</ref>

==Later life==
After retiring from Congress, beginning in 1868 Wentworth lived at his country estate at 5441 South Harlem Avenue in Chicago. He owned about {{convert|5000|acre|km2|0}} of land in what is today part of the Chicago neighborhood of [[Garfield Ridge, Chicago|Garfield Ridge]] and suburban [[Summit, Illinois|Summit]].

When an author left a manuscript of a history of Chicago with Wentworth for his suggestions, he reportedly removed what did not refer to him and returned the manuscript to its author with the note, "Here is your expurgated and correct history of Chicago."<ref>{{cite book|last=Gale|first=Edwin O.|title=Reminiscences of Early Chicago and Vicinity|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157159|publisher=Revell|year=1902|location=Chicago|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157159/page/n427 388]}}</ref>

==Family historian==
Wentworth researched and wrote ''The Wentworth Genealogy – English and American'' twice, which he published privately. The first two-volume edition, also known as the "private edition", published in 1871, was followed by a second, corrected, edition in 1878, which was published in three volumes, for a total of 2241 pages. The total reported cost for both editions was $40,000.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QWQZAAAAYAAJ&q=wentworth+genealogy+literary&pg=PA395 |title=The literary world - Google Books |date=2008-04-22 |access-date=2011-05-01}}</ref> The first <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KR8aAAAAIAAJ&q=Wentworth+genealogy+english+and+american |title=The Wentworth Genealogy: English and ... - Google Books |date=2007-01-22 |access-date=2011-05-01|last1=Wentworth |first1=John }}</ref> of the 1878 volumes chronicles the ancestry of Elder [[William Wentworth (elder)|William Wentworth]], the first of this family in New England, and his first five generations of New World descendants. The second <ref>{{cite web |url=http://contentdm.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH30&CISOPTR=32580&REC=20 |title=Family History Archive : Compound Object Viewer |publisher=Brigham Young University |access-date=2011-05-01 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and third <ref>{{cite web |url=http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH10&CISOPTR=58611&REC=17 |title= CONTENTdm|website=contentdm.lib.byu.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611200655/http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2FFH10&CISOPTR=58611&REC=17 |archive-date=June 11, 2011}}</ref> volumes discuss the "Elder's" many descendants and others of the name.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fehrenbacher|first=Don E.|title=Chicago Giant: A Biography of "Long John" Wentworth|url=https://archive.org/details/chicagogiantbiog00fehr|publisher=American History Research Center|year=1957|location=Madison, WI|pages=viii, 278}}</ref>  John was a fourth great-grandson of William.<ref>John Wentworth, [https://archive.org/details/wentworthgeneal02wentgoog <!-- quote=Chicago. --> Wentworth Genealogy: English and American], vol. 1, p. 140 accessed 6 April 2013</ref>

==Death==
[[File:John Wentworth (822410462).jpg|thumb|Photograph of Wentworth]]

Wentworth died at his estate in 1888, aged 73. He was buried in [[Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago|Rosehill Cemetery]] in Chicago.

[[File:John Wentworth's grave at Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago.jpg|thumb|Wentworth's tombstone, photographed in 2020]]
At his request, his tombstone was a sixty-foot tall [[granite]] [[obelisk]] that was imported from New Hampshire on two railroad cars.<ref name=cotc/> It was, at the time, the tallest tombstone in the west.<ref name=cotc/>

==See also==
*[[The Wentworth Letter]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Works cited==
* {{cite book |last=Merriner |first=James |title=Grafters and Goo Goos: Corruption and Reform in Chicago, 1833-2003 |publisher=[[Southern Illinois University Press]] |date=2004 |isbn=0809325713}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Fehrenbacher |first=Don E. |title=Chicago Giant: A Biography of 'Long John' Wentworth |year=1957}}
* {{cite journal |last=Fehrenbacher |first=Don E. |title=Lincoln and the Mayor of Chicago |journal=Wisconsin Magazine of History |volume=40 |issue=4 |year=1957 |pages=237–244 |jstor=4633136}}

==External links==
{{AmCyc Poster|Wentworth, William|John Wentworth}}
{{CongBio|W000295|name=John Wentworth}}
*[http://www.chipublib.org/cplbooksmovies/cplarchive/mayors/wentworth_inaug.php John Wentworth, "First Inaugural Address"], Chicago Public Library
*[http://www.chipublib.org/cplbooksmovies/cplarchive/mayors/wentworth_inaug02.php John Wentworth, "Second Inaugural Address"], Chicago Public Library
{{Wikiquote|John Wentworth}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box
|state=Illinois
|district=4
|before=District created
|after=[[Richard S. Molony]]
|years=1843–1851
}}
{{US House succession box
|state=Illinois
|district=2
|before=[[Willis Allen]]
|after=[[James H. Woodworth]]
|years=1853–1855
}}
{{US House succession box
|state=Illinois
|district=1
|before=[[Isaac N. Arnold]]
|after=[[Norman B. Judd]]
|years=1865–1867
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Mayors of Chicago}}
{{Presidents of the Chicago Board of Education|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wentworth, John}}
[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:1888 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Sandwich, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Illinois Republicans]]
[[Category:Mayors of Chicago]]
[[Category:Illinois lawyers]]
[[Category:19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Burials at Rosehill Cemetery]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College alumni]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois]]
[[Category:19th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:American male journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:19th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:19th-century mayors of places in Illinois]]
[[Category:Members of the Chicago Board of Education]]
[[Category:New Hampton School alumni]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Chicago Board of Education]]