Editing John II of France

{{Short description|King of France from 1350 to 1364}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = John II
| succession = [[King of France]]
| moretext        = ([[Style of the French sovereign|more...]])
| image = File:JeanIIdFrance.jpg
| caption = {{Ill|Portrait of John II the Good|lt=Portrait|fr|Portrait de Jean II le Bon}} on wood panel around 1350, [[Louvre Museum]]
| alt = Portrait of King John II, the Good aged {{age|1319|1350}}
| reign = 22 August 1350 – 8 April 1364
| coronation = 26 September 1350
| cor-type = france
| predecessor = [[Philip VI of France|Philip VI]]
| successor = [[Charles V of France|Charles V]]
| regent = [[Charles V of France|Charles, Dauphin of France]] (1356–1360)
| reg-type = [[List of regents#France|Regent]]
| spouses = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Bonne of Bohemia]]|1332|1349|reason=died}}
* {{marriage|[[Joan I, Countess of Auvergne]]|1350|1360|reason=died}}
}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
*[[Charles V, King of France]]
*[[Louis I, Duke of Anjou]]
*[[John, Duke of Berry]]
*[[Philip II, Duke of Burgundy]]
*[[Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre|Joan, Queen of Navarre]]
*[[Marie of Valois, Duchess of Bar|Marie, Duchess of Bar]]
*[[Isabella, Countess of Vertus]]}}
| house = [[House of Valois|Valois]]
| father = [[Philip VI of France]]
| mother = [[Joan the Lame of Burgundy|Joan of Burgundy]]
| birth_date = 26 April 1319
| birth_place = [[Le Mans]], France
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1364|4|8|1319|4|26|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Savoy Palace]], London, England
| burial_date = 7 May 1364
| burial_place = [[Saint Denis Basilica]]
| signature = John II of France signature.jpg
}}

'''John II''' ({{langx|fr|Jean II}}; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called '''John the Good''' (French: ''Jean le Bon''), was [[King of France]] from 1350 until his death in 1364. When he came to power, France faced several disasters: the [[Black Death]], which killed between a third and a half of its population; popular revolts known as ''[[Jacquerie]]s''; [[Free company|free companies]] (''Grandes Compagnies'') of [[routiers]] who plundered the country; and English aggression that resulted in catastrophic military losses, including the [[Battle of Poitiers]] of 1356, in which John was captured.

While John was a prisoner in London, his son [[Charles V of France|Charles]] became [[regent]] and faced several rebellions, which he overcame. To liberate his father, he concluded the [[Treaty of Brétigny]] (1360), by which France lost many territories and paid an enormous ransom.  In an exchange of hostages, which included his son [[Louis I, Duke of Anjou]], John was released from captivity to raise funds for [[Ransom of John II of France|his ransom]]. Upon his return to France, he created the [[French franc|franc]] to stabilize the currency and tried to get rid of the free companies by sending them to a [[crusade]], but [[Pope Innocent VI]] died shortly before their meeting in [[Comtat Venaissin|Avignon]]. When John was informed that Louis had escaped from captivity, he voluntarily returned to [[England]], where he died in 1364. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles V.

==Early life==
John was nine years old when his father, Philip VI, was crowned king. Philip VI's ascent to the throne was unexpected: all three sons of [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV]] had died without sons and their daughters were passed over. Also passed over was King [[Edward III of England]], Philip IV's grandson through his daughter, [[Isabella of France|Isabella]]. Thus, as the new king of France, John's father Philip VI had to consolidate his power in order to protect his throne from rival claimants; therefore, he decided to marry off his son John quickly at the age of thirteen to form a strong matrimonial alliance.

===Search for a wife and first marriage===

Initially a marriage with [[Eleanor of Woodstock]], sister of King Edward III of England, was considered, but instead Philip invited King [[John the Blind]] of Bohemia to [[Palace of Fontainebleau|Fontainebleau]]. Bohemia had aspirations to control [[Lombardy]] and needed French diplomatic support. A treaty was drawn up. The military clauses stipulated that, in the event of war, Bohemia would support the French army with four hundred infantrymen. The political clauses ensured that the Lombard crown would not be disputed if the king of Bohemia managed to obtain it. Philip selected [[Bonne of Bohemia]] as a wife for his son, as she was closer to child-bearing age (16&nbsp;years), and the dowry was fixed at 120,000 [[Italian coin florin|florins]].
[[File:Bonne of Luxembourg, with her husband Jean.jpg|thumb|John and his first wife Bonne]]
John reached the age of majority, 13 years and one day, on 27 April 1332, and received the [[Duchy of Normandy]], as well as the counties of [[County of Anjou|Anjou]] and [[Maine (province)|Maine]].<ref>{{cite book|author=François Autrand|title=Charles V le Sage|publisher=Fayard|date=1994|place=Paris|page=13}}</ref> The wedding was celebrated on 28 July at the church of Notre-Dame in [[Melun]] in the presence of six thousand guests. The festivities were prolonged by a further two months when the young groom was finally knighted at the cathedral of [[Notre-Dame de Paris|Notre-Dame]] in Paris. As the new duke of Normandy, John was solemnly granted the arms of a knight in front of a prestigious assembly bringing together the kings of [[John of Bohemia|Bohemia]] and [[Philip III of Navarre|Navarre]], and the dukes of [[Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy|Burgundy]], [[Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine|Lorraine]] and [[John III, Duke of Brabant|Brabant]].

==Duke of Normandy==

===Accession and rise of the English and the royalty===
Upon his accession as Duke of Normandy in 1332, John had to deal with the reality that most of the Norman nobility was already allied with the English. Effectively, [[Normandy]] depended economically more on maritime trade across the [[English Channel]] than on river trade on the [[Seine]]. Although the duchy had not been in [[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] possession for [[Treaty of Le Goulet|150 years]], many landowners had holdings across the Channel. Consequently, to line up behind one or other sovereign risked confiscation. Therefore, Norman members of the nobility were governed as interdependent clans, which allowed them to obtain and maintain charters guaranteeing the duchy a measure of autonomy. It was split into two key camps, the counts of [[Tancarville]] and the [[Lords and Counts of Harcourt|counts of Harcourt]], which had been in conflict for generations.<ref>Autrand, Françoise, ''Charles V'', Fayard, Paris, 1994, 153.</ref>

[[File:Jean II denier d Or aux fleurs de lys 1351.jpg|thumb|A ''denier d'or aux fleurs de lys'' from John's reign (1351)]]

Tension arose again in 1341. King Philip, worried about the richest area of the kingdom breaking into bloodshed, ordered the [[bailiff]]s of [[Bayeux]] and [[Cotentin]] to quell the dispute. [[Geoffroy d'Harcourt]] raised troops against the king, rallying a number of nobles protective of their autonomy and against royal interference. The rebels demanded that Geoffroy be made duke, thus guaranteeing the autonomy granted by the charter. Royal troops took the castle at [[Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte]] and Geoffroy was exiled to [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]]. Three of his companions were decapitated in [[Paris]] on 3 April 1344.<ref>Favier, Jean, ''La Guerre de Cent Ans'', Fayard, Paris, 1980, p. 140</ref>

===Meeting with the Avignon Papacy and the King of England===

In 1342, John was in [[Avignon]], then a part of the [[Papal States]], at the coronation of [[Pope Clement VI]],<ref>''Papal Coronations in Avignon'', Bernard Schimmelpfennig, ''Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual'', ed. János M. Bak, (University of California Press, 1990), pp. 191–192.</ref> and in the latter part of 1343, he was a member of a peace parley with [[Edward III of England]]'s chancery clerk.<ref>Sumption, Jonathan, ''Trial by Battle: The Hundred Years War I'', Faber & Faber, 1990, p. 436.</ref> Clement VI was the fourth of seven [[Avignon pope|Avignon Popes]] whose papacy was not contested, although the [[Pope|supreme pontiffs]] would ultimately return to Rome in 1378.

===Relations with Normandy and rising tensions ===

By 1345, increasing numbers of Norman rebels had begun to pay homage to Edward III, constituting a major threat to the legitimacy of the Valois kings. The defeat at the [[Battle of Crécy]] on 26 August 1346, and the capitulation of [[Calais]] on 3 August 1347, after [[Siege of Calais (1346)|an eleven-month siege]], further damaged royal prestige. Defections by the nobility, whose land fell within the broad economic influence of England, particularly in the north and west, increased. Consequently, King Philip VI decided to seek a truce. Duke John met Geoffroy d'Harcourt, to whom the king agreed to return all confiscated goods, even appointing him sovereign captain in Normandy. John then approached the [[Tancarville family]], whose loyalty could ultimately ensure his authority in Normandy. The marriage of John, Viscount of [[Melun]], to Jeanne, the only heiress of the county of Tancarville, ensured that the Melun-Tancarville party remained loyal to John, while Geoffroy d'Harcourt continued to act as defender for Norman freedoms and thus of the reforming party.<ref>Autrand, Françoise, ''Charles V'', Fayard, Paris, 1994, p. 60</ref>

===Black Death and second marriage===

On 11 September 1349, John's wife, Bonne of Bohemia (''Bonne de Luxembourg''), died at the [[Maubuisson Abbey]] near Paris, of the [[Black Death]], which was devastating [[Europe]]. To escape the [[pandemic]], John, who was living in the Parisian royal residence, the [[Palais de la Cité]], left Paris.

On 9 February 1350, five months after the death of his first wife, John married [[Joan I, Countess of Auvergne]], in the royal Château de Sainte-Gemme (which no longer exists), at [[Feucherolles]], near [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]].

==King of France==
===Coronation===
Philip VI, John's father, died on 22 August 1350, and John's coronation as John II, king of France, took place in [[Reims]] the following 26 September. Joanna, his second wife, was crowned queen of France at the same time.<ref>{{cite book |title=Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France |volume=1 |trans-title=Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France |last=Anselme de Sainte-Marie |first=Père |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9lEAAAAcAAJ |publisher=La compagnie des libraires |location=Paris |language=fr |edition=3rd |year=1726 |page=105}}</ref>
[[File:Jan jana.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|John being crowned King of France with his second wife Joan]]
In November 1350, King John had [[Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu]] seized and summarily executed,<ref>Jones, Michael. "The last Capetians and early Valois Kings, 1314–1364", Michael Jones, ''The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 6, c. 1300 – c. 1415'', (Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 391.</ref> for reasons that remain unclear, although it was rumoured that he had pledged the English the County of [[Guînes]] for his release from captivity.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tuchman |first=Barbara Wertheim |url=http://archive.org/details/distantmirrorcal00tuch |title=A Distant Mirror : The Calamitous 14th Century |publisher=Knopf  |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-394-40026-6  |language=en|page=127}}</ref>

===Negotiations and falling out with Navarre===
[[File:John the Good king of Fra ordering the arrest of Charles the Bad king of Navarre.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.2|Arrest of [[Charles II of Navarre|Charles of Navarre]] at Rouen in 1356 (''[[Froissart's Chronicles|Chroniques de Froissart]]'', Loyset Liedet, [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|BnF]], Manuscrit français 2 643 fº 197v).]]
In 1354, John's son-in-law and cousin, [[Charles II of Navarre]], who, in addition to his [[Kingdom of Navarre]] in the [[Pyrenees|Pyrenees mountains]], bordering between France and Spain, also held extensive lands in Normandy, was implicated in the assassination of the [[Constable of France]], [[Charles de la Cerda]], who was the favorite of King John. Nevertheless, in order to have a strategic ally against the English in [[Gascony]], John signed the [[Treaty of Mantes]] with Charles on 22 February 1354. The peace did not last between the two, and Charles eventually struck up an alliance with [[Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster|Henry of Grosmont]], the first [[Duke of Lancaster]].

The following year, on 10 September 1355 John and Charles signed the [[Treaty of Valognes]], but this second peace lasted hardly any longer than the first, culminating in a highly dramatic event where, during a banquet on 5 April 1356 at the [[Rouen Castle|Royal Castle]] in [[Rouen]] attended by the King's son [[Charles V of France|Charles]], Charles II of Navarre, and a number of Norman magnates and notables of the French king burst through the door in full armor, swords in hand, along with his entourage, which included the king's brother [[Philip of Valois, Duke of Orleans|Phillip]], younger son [[Louis I of Anjou|Louis]] and cousins, as well as over a hundred fully armed knights waiting outside. John lunged over and grabbed Charles of Navarre shouting, "let no one move if he does not want to be dead with this sword." With John's son, [[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]] Charles, the banquet host, on his knees pleading for him to stop, the King grabbed Navarre by the throat and pulled him out of his chair yelling in his face, "Traitor, you are not worthy to sit at my son's table!"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Autrand |first1=Françoise |title=Charles V : le Sage |date=1994 |publisher=Fayard |location=Paris |isbn=2-213-02769-2 |page=909}}</ref> He then ordered the arrests of all the guests including Navarre and, in what many considered to be a rash move as well as a political mistake, he had John, the [[Count of Harcourt]] and several other Norman lords and notables summarily executed later that night in a yard nearby while he stood watching.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Borel d’Hauterive |first1=André |title=Notice Historique de la Noblesse |page=391 |edition=Tome 2}}</ref>

This act, which was largely driven by revenge for Charles of Navarre's and John of Harcourt's pre-meditated plot that killed John's favorite, Charles de La Cerda, would push much of what remaining support the King had from the lords in Normandy away to King Edward and the English camp, setting the stage for the English invasion and the resulting [[Battle of Poitiers]] in the months to come.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

===Battle of Poitiers===
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2024}}
In 1355, the [[Hundred Years' War]] had flared up again, and in July 1356, [[Edward, the Black Prince]], son of [[Edward III of England]], took an army on a great ''[[chevauchée]]'' through France. John pursued him with an army of his own. In September the two forces met a few miles southeast of [[Poitiers]].

John was confident of victory—his army was probably twice the size of his opponent's—but he did not immediately attack. While he waited, the [[papal legate]] went back and forth, trying to negotiate a truce between the leaders. There is some debate over whether the Black Prince wanted to fight at all. He offered his wagon train, which was heavily loaded with loot. He also promised not to fight against France for seven years. Some sources claim that he even offered to return [[Calais]] to the French crown. John countered by demanding that 100&nbsp;of the Prince's best knights surrender themselves to him as hostages, along with the Prince himself. No agreement could be reached. Negotiations broke down, and both sides prepared for combat.

On the day of the battle, John and 17 knights from his personal guard dressed identically. This was done to confuse the enemy, who would do everything possible to capture the sovereign on the field. In spite of this precaution, following the destruction and routing of the massive force of French knights at the hands of the ceaseless English [[longbow]] volleys, John was captured as the English force charged to finish their victory. Though he fought with valour, wielding a large battle-axe, his helmet was knocked off. Surrounded, he fought on until Denis de Morbecque, a French exile who fought for England, approached him.

"Sire," Morbecque said. "I&nbsp;am a knight of [[Artois]]. Yield yourself to me and I will lead you to the Prince of Wales."

===Surrender and capture===
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2024}}
King John surrendered by handing him his glove. That night King John dined in the red silk tent of his enemy. The Black Prince attended to him personally. He was then taken to [[Bordeaux]], and from there to [[England]]. The Battle of Poitiers would be one of the major military disasters not just for France, but at any time during the Middle Ages.

While negotiating a peace accord, John was at first held in the [[Savoy Palace]], then at a variety of locations, including [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]], [[Hertford Castle|Hertford]], [[Somerton Castle]] in [[Lincolnshire]], [[Berkhamsted Castle]] in [[Hertfordshire]], and briefly at King John's Lodge, formerly known as Shortridges, in [[East Sussex]]. Eventually, John was taken to the [[Tower of London]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=John II. of France|volume=15|pages=441–442}}</ref>

===Prisoner of the English===
{{Main|Ransom of King John II of France}}
[[File:Jean le Bon letter from Windsor to his son Charles about Pierre de la Batut.jpg|thumb|Letter of Jean le Bon during his captivity in [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], to his son [[Charles V of France|Charles]] about Pierre de la Batut]]
[[File:Franc a cheval de Jean le Bon 5 decembre 1360 or 3730mg.jpg|thumb|The first [[franc]] ever minted, the "Franc à cheval", was minted upon Jean le Bon's return from captivity from 5 December 1360, and featured combative imagery. Gold, 24 [[Carat (purity)|karat]], 3.73g. Its weight is the account value of one [[livre tournois]].]]

As a prisoner of the English, John was granted royal privileges that permitted him to travel about and enjoy a regal lifestyle. At a time when law and order was breaking down in France and the government was having a hard time raising money for the defence of the realm, his account books during his captivity show that he was purchasing horses, pets, and clothes while maintaining an astrologer and a court band.

===Treaty of Brétigny===
The [[Treaty of Brétigny]] (drafted in May 1360) set his ransom at an astounding 3&nbsp;million&nbsp;[[Écu|crowns]], roughly two or three years worth of revenue for the French Crown, which was the largest national budget in Europe during that period. On 30 June 1360 John left the [[Tower of London]] and proceeded to [[Eltham Palace]] where [[Philippa of Hainault|Queen Philippa]] had prepared a great farewell entertainment. Passing the night at Dartford, he continued towards Dover, stopping at the [[Maison Dieu, Faversham|Maison Dieu of St Mary]] at [[Ospringe]], and paying homage at the [[Canterbury Cathedral#Trinity Chapel and Shrine of Thomas Becket|shrine of St Thomas Becket]] at [[Canterbury]] on 4 July. He dined with the [[Edward the Black Prince|Black Prince]]—who had negotiated the Treaty of Brétigny<ref>{{cite DNB|last=Hunt |first=William |wstitle=Edward the Black Prince |volume=17 |pages=90–101}}, citing ''[[Thomas Rymer#Foedera|Fœdera]]'', iii, 486; Chandos, l. 1539</ref>—at [[Dover Castle]], and reached English-held [[Calais]] on 8 July.<ref>{{cite book 
 |last=Stanley
 |first=Arthur Penrhyn
 |author-link=Arthur Penrhyn Stanley
 |title=Historical Memorials of Canterbury
 |year=1906 
 |place=London
 |publisher=J. M. Dent & Co.
 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalcanterbur00stanuoft
 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicalcanterbur00stanuoft/page/234 234], 276–279}}</ref>

Leaving his son [[Louis I of Anjou|Louis of Anjou]] in Calais as a replacement hostage to guarantee payment, John was allowed to return to France to raise the funds. The Treaty of Brétigny was ratified in October 1360.

===Louis' escape and return to England===
On 1 July 1363, King John was informed that Louis had broken his parole and escaped from Calais. Troubled by the dishonour of this action, and the arrears in his ransom, John gathered his royal council to announce that he would voluntarily return to captivity in England and negotiate with Edward in person.<ref>Autrand, Françoise, ''Charles V'', Fayard, Paris, 1994, p. 446.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kosto |first1=Adam J. |title=Hostages in the Middle Ages |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199651702 |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbTTn3C3GtYC&pg=PA163 |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref> When faced with the opposition of his advisors, the king famously replied that "if good faith were banned from the Earth, 
she ought to find asylum in the hearts of kings".<ref>Bouillet, Marie-Nicolas, ''Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie'', Librairie Hachette, Paris, 1878, p. 954.</ref> Immediately after he appointed his son [[Charles V of France|Charles]] the Duke of Normandy to be regent and governor of France until his return.<ref>Jean Froissart, ''Chronicles'', translator Geoffrey Brereton, Penguin Classics, Baltimore, 1968, p. 167.</ref>

===Death===
John landed in England in January 1364 where he was met by Sir [[Alan Buxhull]], Sir Richard Pembridge and Lord Burghersh at Dover, to be conducted to Eltham and the [[Savoy Palace]] and was warmly welcomed in London in January 1364.  He was received with great honour, and was a frequent guest of Edward at Westminster.<ref>Jean Froissart, ''Chronicles'', translator Geoffrey Brereton, Penguin Classics, Baltimore, 1968, p. 168.</ref> A few months after his arrival, however, he fell ill with an unknown malady. He died at the Savoy Palace in April 1364. His body was returned to France, where he was interred in the royal chambers at [[Saint Denis Basilica]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

==Personality==

===Physical strength===
[[File:Adoubement1.jpg|thumb|John II ennobling his knights, BNF]]
John suffered from fragile health. He engaged little in physical activity, practised [[jousting]] rarely, preferring hunting.<ref>Autrand, Françoise, ''Charles V'', Fayard, Paris, 1994, 18.</ref> Contemporaries report that he was quick to get angry and resort to violence, leading to frequent political and diplomatic confrontations.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} He enjoyed literature and was patron to painters and musicians.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

===Image===

[[File:The funeral procession of Jean II.jpg|thumb|The funeral procession of Jean&nbsp;II]]

The image of a "warrior king" probably emerged from the courage he displayed at the Battle of Poitiers, where he dismounted to fight in the forefront of his surrounded men with a [[poleaxe]] in his hands,<ref>Jean Froissart, ''Chronicles'', translator Geoffrey Brereton, Penguin Classics, Baltimore, 1968, p. 138.</ref> as well as the creation of the [[Order of the Star (France)|Order of the Star]]. This was guided by political need, as John was determined to prove the legitimacy of his crown, particularly as his reign, like that of his father, was marked by continuing disputes over the Valois claim from both [[Charles&nbsp;II of Navarre]] and [[Edward III of England]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} From a young age, John was called to resist the decentralising forces affecting the cities and the nobility, each attracted either by English economic influence or the reforming party. He grew up among intrigue and treason, and in consequence he governed in secrecy only with a close circle of trusted advisers.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

===Personal relationships===

He took as his wife [[Bonne of Bohemia]] and fathered 11 children in eleven years. 
Due to his close relationship with his favourite [[Charles de la Cerda]], partisans of Charles II of Navarre derided the king for "having no other God than him".<ref>Françoise Autrand, Charles V, Fayard 1994, p. 111</ref>  La Cerda was given various honours and appointed to the high position of ''[[Constable of France|connetable]]'' when John became king; he accompanied the king on all his official journeys to the provinces. La Cerda's rise at court excited the jealousy of the French barons, several of whom stabbed him to death in 1354. La Cerda's fate paralleled that of [[Edward II of England]]'s [[Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall|Piers Gaveston]] and [[John II of Castile]]'s [[Álvaro de Luna]]; the position of a royal [[favourite]] was a dangerous one. John's grief on La Cerda's death was overt and public.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''John II of France'''
|2= 2. [[Philip VI of France]]
|3= 3. [[Joan the Lame of Burgundy|Joan of Burgundy]]
|4= 4. [[Charles, Count of Valois|Charles I, Count of Valois]]<ref name="Anselme100">Anselme 1726, pp. 100–101.</ref>
|5= 5. [[Margaret, Countess of Anjou]]<ref name="Anselme100"/>
|6= 6. [[Robert II, Duke of Burgundy]]<ref name="Anselme103">Anselme 1726, p. 103.</ref>
|7= 7. [[Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy|Agnes of France]]<ref name="Anselme103"/>
|8= 8. [[Philip III of France]]<ref name="Anselme87">Anselme 1726, pp. 87–88.</ref>
|9= 9. [[Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France|Isabella of Aragon]]<ref name="Anselme87"/>
|10= 10. [[Charles II of Naples]]<ref name="Anselme100"/>
|11= 11. [[Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples|Mary of Hungary]]<ref name="Anselme100"/>
|12= 12. [[Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy]]<ref name="Anselme542">Anselme 1726, pp. 542–544</ref> 
|13= 13. [[Yolande of Dreux, Duchess of Burgundy|Yolande of Dreux]]<ref name="Anselme542"/>
|14= 14. [[Louis IX of France]]<ref name="Anselme83">Anselme 1726, pp. 83–87.</ref>
|15= 15. [[Margaret of Provence]]<ref name="Anselme83"/>
}}

{{House of Valois}}

==Issue==
On 28 July 1332, at the age of 13, John was married to [[Bonne of Luxembourg]] (d. 1349), daughter of [[John, King of Bohemia]].<ref>Joni M. Hand, ''Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350–1550'', (Ashgate Publishing, 2013), 12.</ref> Their children were:

# [[Charles V of France]] (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380)<ref name="Keane17">Marguerite Keane, ''Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331–1398)'', (Brill, 2016), 17.</ref>
#Catherine (1338–1338) died young
# [[Louis I, Duke of Anjou]] (23 July 1339 – 20 September 1384), married [[Marie of Blois, Duchess of Anjou|Marie of Blois]]<ref name="Keane17" />
# [[John, Duke of Berry]] (30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416), married [[Joan of Armagnac|Jeanne of Auvergne]]<ref name="Keane17" />
# [[Philip the Bold|Philip II, Duke of Burgundy]] (17 January 1342 – 27 April 1404), married [[Margaret III, Countess of Flanders|Margaret of Flanders]]<ref name="Keane17" />
# [[Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre|Joan]] (24 June 1343 – 3 November 1373), married [[Charles II of Navarre|Charles II (the Bad) of Navarre]]<ref name="Keane17" />
# [[Marie of Valois (1344-1404)|Marie]] (12 September 1344 – October 1404), married [[Robert I, Duke of Bar]]<ref>Jean de Venette, ''The Chronicle of Jean de Venette'', translator Jean Birdsall, editor Richard A. Newhall, (Columbia University Press, 1953), 312.</ref>
# Agnes (9 December 1345{{spaced ndash}}April 1350)
# Margaret (20 September 1347{{spaced ndash}}25 April 1352)
# [[Isabelle of Valois (1348-1372)|Isabelle]] (1 October 1348 – 11 September 1372), married [[Giangaleazzo Visconti|Gian Galeazzo I, Duke of Milan]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Music in the Castle: Troubadours, Books, and Orators in Italian Courts of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Centuries |first=F. Alberto |last=Gallo |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1995 |page=54}}</ref>

On 19 February 1350, at the royal ''Château de Sainte-Gemme'', John married [[Joanna I of Auvergne]] (d. 1361), [[Rulers of Auvergne|Countess of Auvergne]] and [[Count of Boulogne|Boulogne]]. Joanna was the widow of [[Philip of Burgundy, Count of Auvergne|Philip of Burgundy]], the deceased heir of that duchy, and the mother of the young [[Philip I, Duke of Burgundy]] (1344–61) who became John's stepson and ward. John and Joanna had three children, all of whom died shortly after birth:
# Blanche (b. November 1350)
# Catherine (b. early 1352)
# a son (b. early 1353)

===Succession===
[[File:Jan Jitka.jpg|thumb|John's family tree]]
John II was succeeded by his son, Charles, who reigned as [[Charles V of France]], known as ''The Wise.''

== See also ==
{{Portal|Biography}}

* [[Treasure of rue Vieille-du-Temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Valois]]|16 April|1319|8 April|1364|[[Capetian dynasty]]}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Philip VI of France|Philip VI]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of French monarchs|King of France]]|years=1350–1364}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Charles V of France|Charles V]]}}
{{s-reg|fr}}
|-
{{S-vac|last=[[Henry III of England|Henry III]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Normandy]]|years=1332–1350}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Charles V of France|Charles]]}}
|-
{{s-vac|last=[[Philippe VI of France|Philip]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Count of Anjou]] and [[Count of Maine|Maine]]|years=1332–1350}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Louis I, Duke of Anjou|Louis I]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Monarchs of France}}
{{Poitou Counts}}
{{Norman Dukes}}{{Hundred Years' War}}{{Authority control}}

{{Use British English|date=August 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John 02 Of France}}
[[Category:1319 births]]
[[Category:1364 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century kings of France]]
[[Category:14th-century dukes of Normandy]]
[[Category:Ancien Régime]]
[[Category:Counts of Anjou]]
[[Category:French prisoners of war in the Hundred Years' War]]
[[Category:House of Valois]]
[[Category:Jure uxoris counts]]
[[Category:People from Le Mans]]
[[Category:People of the Hundred Years' War]]
[[Category:Prisoners in the Tower of London]]
[[Category:French people imprisoned in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime]]
[[Category:14th-century French people]]
[[Category:14th-century peers of France]]
[[Category:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]