Editing John I, Duke of Brabant

{{Short description|Duke of Brabant (1252/53 – 1294)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty 
| name        = John I
| image       = Codex Manesse Johann von Brabant.jpg
| caption     = John going to battle, from the [[Codex Manesse]]
| succession  = [[Duke of Brabant]] and [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]]
| reign       = 1267–1294
| predecessor = [[Henry IV, Duke of Brabant|Henry]]
| successor   = [[John II, Duke of Brabant|John II]]
| succession1 = [[Duke of Limburg]]
| reign1      = 1288–1294
| predecessor1= [[Reginald I of Guelders]]
| successor1  =  [[John II, Duke of Brabant|John II]]
| spouses     = {{plainlist|
*[[Margaret of France, Duchess of Brabant|Margaret of France]]
*[[Margaret of Flanders (d. 1285)|Margaret of Flanders]]}}
| issue       = {{plainlist|
*[[John II, Duke of Brabant]]
*[[Margaret of Brabant|Margaret, German Queen]]
*[[Marie of Brabant, Countess of Savoy|Marie, Countess of Savoy]]}}
| house       = [[House of Reginar]]
| father      = [[Henry III, Duke of Brabant]]
| mother      = [[Adelaide of Burgundy (1233–1273)|Adelaide of Burgundy]]
| birth_date  = 
| birth_place = 1252
| death_date  = 3 May 1294 (aged 41 or 42)
| death_place = 
| burial_place=Franciscan Church, [[Brussels]]
|signature=File:Coat of arms Brabant - Limbourg 02.svg|signature_type=Coat of arms}}
'''John I''', also called '''John the Victorious''' (1252/53{{snd}}3 May 1294) was [[Duke of Brabant]] (1267–1294), [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]] and [[Duchy of Limburg|Limburg]] (1288–1294). During the 13th century, John I was venerated as a [[folk hero]].<ref name=":0" /> He has been painted as the perfect model of a brave, adventurous and chivalrous feudal prince.<ref name="EB445">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=John I. of Brabant and Lorraine|volume=15|page=445}}</ref>

==Life==
[[File:John I Duke of Brabant effigy silver coin.png|left|thumb|150x150px|John I's effigy on a silver coin. Struck in [[Brussels]] or [[Leuven]] during his reign.]]
Born in [[Leuven]], he was the son of [[Henry III, Duke of Brabant]] and [[Adelaide of Burgundy (1233–1273)|Aleidis of Burgundy]],{{sfn|Dunbabin|2011|p=xiv}} daughter of [[Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy]]. He was also an older brother of [[Marie of Brabant, Queen of France|Maria of Brabant]], [[Queen consort]] of [[Philip III of France]]. In 1267 his older brother [[Henry IV, Duke of Brabant]], being mentally deficient, was deposed in his favour.{{sfn|Appelmans|2005|p=165}}

John's greatest military victory was the [[Battle of Worringen]] 1288, by which John I came to reign over the [[Duchy of Limburg]]. He was completely outnumbered in forces but led the successful invasion into the [[Rhineland]] to defeat the confederacy. In 1288 Limburg was formally attached to [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]].<ref name=EB445 />

John I was said to be a model of feudal prince: brave, adventurous; excelling in every form of active exercise, fond of display, and generous in temper. He was considered one of the most gifted princes of his time.<ref name=EB445 /> This made him very popular in [[Middle Ages]] poetry and literature. Even today there exists an ode to him, so well known that it was a potential candidate to be the [[North Brabant]] anthem. John I delighted in tournaments and was always eager to take part in jousts.<ref name=EB445 /> He was also famous for his many illegitimate children.

On 3 May 1294 at some marriage festivities at [[Bar-le-Duc]], John I was mortally wounded in the arm in an encounter by [[Pierre de Bausner]].<ref name=EB445 /> He was buried in the church of the [[Order of Friars Minor]] (Minderbroederskerk) in Brussels, but since the [[Protestant]] [[iconoclasm]] (''[[Beeldenstorm]]'') in 1566, nothing remains of his tomb.

==Family and children==
[[File:Huwelijk van Jan I van Brabant en Margaretha van Dampierre (Marriage of John I of Brabant and Margaret of Flanders) Brabantsche Yeesten.png|thumb|Marriage of John and Margaret of Flanders from the Chronicle ''Brabantse Yeesten'' by Jan Van Boendaele.]]
John was married twice. On 5 September 1270, he married [[Margaret of France, Duchess of Brabant|Margaret]], daughter of [[Louis IX of France]] and [[Margaret of Provence]].{{sfn|Richard|1992|p=xxiv}} They had a son, but both mother and child died shortly after his birth.

In 1273, John married [[Margaret of Flanders (d. 1285)|Margaret]] (d. 3 July 1285), daughter of [[Guy, Count of Flanders]]{{sfn|Verbruggen|2002|p=8}} and had the following children:
# Godfrey (1273/74 – aft. 13 September 1283).
# [[John II of Brabant]] (1275–1312).
# [[Margaret of Brabant|Margaret]] (4 October 1276{{snd}}14 December 1311, [[Genoa]]), married 9 July 1292 to [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor]].
# [[Marie of Brabant, Countess of Savoy|Marie]] (d. after 2 December 1338), married to Count [[Amadeus V of Savoy]].

John I had several illegitimate children:

# Gillis van der Balcht
# [[:fr:Jean Meeuwe|Jean Meuwe]], Seigneur of Wavre and Dongelberg.<ref>{{cite book|title=Messager des sciences historiques, ou, Archives des arts et de la bibliographie de Belgique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KS5JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA194|year=1889|publisher=Impr. et Lithographie de L. Hebbelynck|page=194}}</ref>
# [[:fr:Marguerite de Tervueren|Margareta of Tervuren]], she was married on 2 March 1292 to [[:fr:Jean de Rode de Lantwyck|Jean de Rode de Lantwyck]]
# Jan Pylyser (1272–1342)
# Jan van der Plasch

==Legacy==
The duke is remembered in the folkish song [[:nl:Het lied van hertog Jan|Harbalorifa]]<ref name="Codex">[http://www.codeximperium.be/?q=node/302 Het lied van Hertog Jan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907135956/http://codeximperium.be/?q=node%2F302 |date=7 September 2018 }} www.codeximperium.be</ref><ref name=":0">[http://www.bossche-encyclopedie.nl/personen/beex,%20harrie.htm Harrie Beex] www.bossche-encyclopedie.nl</ref> that remains popular. The popular Dutch beer [[Hertog Jan]] was named after the duke. Also the beer Primus of the {{ill|Haacht Brewery|nl|Brouwerij Haacht}} is named after John I (Jan Primus).

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=<ref>Douglas Richardson (2013) ''Royal Ancestry'', Vol.1 pp.499-503 (Brabant), Vol.2 pp.28-31 (Burgundy), Vol.3 pp.469-472 (Dreux).</ref>
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''John I, Duke of Brabant'''
|2= 2. [[Henry III, Duke of Brabant]]
|3= 3. [[Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant|Adelaide of Burgundy]]
|4= 4. [[Henry II, Duke of Brabant]]
|5= 5. [[Marie of Swabia]]
|6= 6. [[Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy]]
|7= 7. [[Yolande of Dreux, Duchess of Burgundy|Yolande of Dreux]]
|8= 8. [[Henry I, Duke of Brabant]]
|9= 9. [[Matilda of Flanders, Duchess of Brabant|Matilda of Flanders]]
|10= 10. [[Philip of Swabia]]
|11= 11. [[Irene Angelina]]
|12= 12. [[Odo III, Duke of Burgundy]]
|13= 13. [[Alice of Vergy]]
|14= 14. [[Robert III, Count of Dreux]]
|15= 15. Aenor of Saint-Valéry
}}

==See also==
{{commons category}}
*[[Dukes of Brabant family tree]]
*[[Hertog Jan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite book |first=Janick |last=Appelmans |chapter=The Abbey of Affligem and the Emergence of a Historiographic Tradition in Brabant (1268–1322) |title=Medieval Narrative Sources: A Gateway Into the Medieval Mind |editor-first1= Ludovicus |editor-last1=Milis |editor-first2=Werner |editor-last2=Verbeke |editor-first3=Jean |editor-last3=Goossens |publisher=Leuven University Press |year=2005 }}
*{{cite book |title=The French in the Kingdom of Sicily, 1266–1305 |first=Jean |last=Dunbabin |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 }}
*{{cite book |first=Jean |last=Richard |editor-first=Simon |editor-last=Lloyd |translator-first=Jean |translator-last=Birrell |title=Saint Louis: Crusader King of France |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1992 }}
*{{cite book |first=J.F. |last=Verbruggen |title=The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Courtrai, 11 July 1302) |editor-first=Kelly |editor-last=DeVries |translator-first=David Richard |translator-last=Ferguson |publisher=Boydell Press |year=2002 }}
* H. Barlandus, ''Rerum gestarum a Brabantiae ducibus historia usque in annum'' 1526 (Leuven, 1566)
* G. C. van der Berghe, ''Jean le Victorieux, duc de Brabant'' (1259–1294), (Leuven, 1857)
* K. F. Stallaert, ''Gesch. v. Jan I. van Braband en zijne tijdvak'' (Brussels, 1861)
* A. Wauters, ''Le Duc Jean I<sup>er</sup> et le Brabant sous le règne de ce prince'' (Brussels, 1859)

{{S-start}}
{{S-reg}}
{{S-bef| before = [[Henry IV, Duke of Brabant|Henry IV]] }}
{{S-ttl| title  = [[Duke of Brabant]] and [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]]| years = 1267–1294 }}
{{S-aft| rows   = 2 | after  = [[John II, Duke of Brabant|John II]] }}
{{S-bef| before = [[Reginald I of Guelders|Reginald]]}}
{{S-ttl| title  = [[Duke of Limburg]]| years = 1288–1294 }}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1250s births]]
[[Category:1294 deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century dukes of Brabant]]
[[Category:13th-century dukes of Limburg]]
[[Category:House of Reginar]]