Editing John Everett Millais

{{Short description|British painter and illustrator (1829–1896)}}
{{redirect|John Millais|the artist and naturalist|John Guille Millais|the 19th-century French painter Millet|Jean-François Millet}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox artist
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| name             = John Everett Millais
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|Bt|PRA}}
| image            = File:Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Bt by Charles Robert Leslie.jpg 
| caption          = ''[[Portrait of John Everett Millais]]'' by [[Charles Robert Leslie]], 1852
| birth_name       = 
| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=yes|1829|06|08}}
| birth_place      = [[Southampton]], [[Hampshire]], England
| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=yes|1896|08|13|1829|06|08}}
| death_place      = [[Kensington]], [[County of London|London]], England
| movement         = [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]]
| spouse           = {{marriage|[[Effie Gray|Euphemia Gray]]|1855}}
| children         = 8, including [[John Guille Millais]]
| awards           = 
| patrons          = 
| field            = Painting, drawing, [[printmaking]]
| training         = [[Royal Academy of Art]]
| works            = [[Ophelia (painting)|''Ophelia'']]; ''[[Christ in the House of His Parents]]''
}}

'''Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PRA}} ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|m|ɪ|l|eɪ}} {{respell|MIL|ay}}, {{IPAc-en|US|m|ɪ|ˈ|l|eɪ}} {{respell|mil|AY}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an [[English painter]] and illustrator who was one of the founders of the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]].<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Millais, John Everett|supplement=1}}</ref> He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest student to enter the Royal Academy Schools. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded at his family home in London, at 83 Gower Street (now number 7). Millais became the most famous exponent of the style, his painting ''[[Christ in the House of His Parents]]'' (1849–50) generating considerable controversy, and he produced a picture that could serve as the embodiment of the historical and naturalist focus of the group, ''[[Ophelia (painting)|Ophelia]]'', in 1851–52.

By the mid-1850s, Millais was moving away from the Pre-Raphaelite style to develop a new form of realism in his art. His later works were enormously successful, making Millais one of the wealthiest artists of his day, but some former admirers including [[William Morris]] saw this as a sell-out (Millais notoriously allowed one of his paintings to be used for a sentimental soap advertisement). While these and early 20th-century critics, reading art through the lens of [[Modernism]], viewed much of his later production as wanting, this perspective has changed in recent decades, as his later works have come to be seen in the context of wider changes and advanced tendencies in the broader late nineteenth-century art world, and can now be seen as predictive of the art world of the present.

Millais's personal life has also played a significant role in his reputation. His wife [[Effie Gray|Effie]] was formerly married to the critic [[John Ruskin]], who had supported Millais's early work. The [[annulment]] of the Ruskin marriage and Effie's subsequent marriage to Millais have sometimes been linked to his change of style, but she became a powerful promoter of his work and they worked in concert to secure commissions and expand their social and intellectual circles.

==Early life==
[[Image:Millais 2.jpg|thumb|242x242px|Photo of Millais, {{Circa|1854}}]]
Millais was born in [[Southampton]], England, in 1829, of a prominent [[Jersey]]-based family. His parents were John William Millais and Emily Mary Millais (née Evermy). Most of his early childhood was spent in Jersey, to which he retained a strong devotion throughout his life. The author [[Thackeray]] once asked him "when England conquered Jersey".  Millais replied "Never! Jersey conquered England."<ref>cited in Chums annual, 1896, page 213</ref> The family moved to [[Dinan]] in Brittany for a few years in his childhood.

His mother's "forceful personality" was the most powerful influence on his early life. She had a keen interest in art and music, and encouraged her son's artistic bent, promoting the relocating of the family to London to help develop contacts at the Royal Academy of Art. He later said "I owe everything to my mother."<ref>J. N. P. Watson, ''Millais: three generations in nature, art & sport'', Sportsman's Press, 1988, p.10</ref>

In 1840, his artistic talent won him a place at the [[Royal Academy Schools]] at the still unprecedented age of eleven. While there, he met [[William Holman Hunt]] and [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] with whom he formed the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]] (known as the "PRB") in September 1847 in his family home on [[Gower Street (London)|Gower Street]], off [[Bedford Square]].

==Pre-Raphaelite works==
Millais's ''[[Christ in the House of His Parents]]'' (1849–50) was highly controversial because of its realistic portrayal of a working class [[Holy Family]] labouring in a messy carpentry workshop. Later works were also controversial, though less so. Millais achieved popular success with ''[[A Huguenot]]'' (1851–52), which depicts a young couple about to be separated because of religious conflicts. He repeated this theme in many later works. All these early works were painted with great attention to detail, often concentrating on the beauty and complexity of the natural world. 

In paintings such as ''[[Ophelia (painting)|Ophelia]]'' (1851–52) Millais created dense and elaborate pictorial surfaces based on the integration of naturalistic elements. This approach has been described as a kind of "pictorial eco-system". ''Mariana'' is a painting that Millais painted in 1850–51 based on the play'' [[Measure for Measure]]''  by [[William Shakespeare]] and the poem of the same name by [[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]], from 1830. In the play, the young Mariana was to be married, but was rejected by her betrothed when her dowry was lost in a shipwreck.

This style was promoted by the critic [[John Ruskin]], who had defended the Pre-Raphaelites against their critics. Millais's friendship with Ruskin introduced him to Ruskin's wife [[Effie Gray|Effie]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rose|first=Phyllis|title=Parallel Lives: Five Victorian Marriages|publisher=[A. Knopf]|year=1984|isbn=0-394-52432-2|pages=76–85|language=English}}</ref> 

Soon after they met, she modelled for his painting ''[[The Order of Release]]''. As Millais painted Effie, they fell in love. Despite having been married to Ruskin for several years, Effie was still a virgin. Her parents realised something was wrong and she filed for an [[annulment]].
<gallery widths="250" heights="220" mode="nolines" class="center">
File:John Everett Millais - Mariana - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Mariana (Millais)|Mariana]]'', 1851
File:Millais Order of Release.jpg|''[[The Order of Release]]'' (1852–53) Tate Britain, London
File:John Everett Millais - Ophelia - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Ophelia (painting)|Ophelia]]'' (1851–52) Tate Britain, London
File:Millais - Die Rückkehr der Taube zur Arche Noah.jpg|''[[The Return of the Dove to the Ark]]'' (1851)<br /> Ashmolean Museum, Oxford 
</gallery>

===Family===
[[File:Photo assemblage of J. E. Millais' family, circa 1870.jpg|thumb|228x228px|Photo assemblage of Millais's family {{Circa|1870}}. Names in full size image.]]
In 1855, after her marriage to Ruskin was annulled, Effie and John Millais married. He and Effie eventually had eight children: Everett, born in 1856; George, born in 1857; Effie, born in 1858; Mary, born in 1860; Alice, born in 1862; Geoffroy, born in 1863; John in 1865; and Sophie in 1868. Their youngest son, [[John Guille Millais]], became a naturalist, wildlife artist, and Millais's posthumous biographer. Their daughter Alice (1862–1936), later Alice Stuart-Worsley after she married [[Charles Stuart-Worsley]], was a close friend and muse of the composer [[Edward Elgar]], and is thought to have been an inspiration for themes in his [[Violin Concerto (Elgar)|Violin Concerto]].<ref>Kennedy, Michael (1984). Liner notes to EMI CD CD-EMX-2058</ref>

Effie's younger sister [[Sophie Gray]] sat for several pictures by Millais, prompting some speculation about the nature of their apparently fond relationship.<ref>[[Suzanne Fagence Cooper]] (2010) ''The Model Wife''</ref>

===Later works===
[[File:Millais - Überfahrt nach Nordwest.jpg|thumb|left|''[[The North-West Passage]]'' (1878) Tate Britain, London]][[File:CherryRipe1879 by John Everett Millais.jpg|thumb|180px|''Cherry Ripe'' (1879), Private Collection]]
After his marriage, Millais began to paint in a broader style, which was condemned by Ruskin as "a catastrophe". It has been argued that this change of style resulted from Millais's need to increase his output to support his growing family. Unsympathetic critics such as [[William Morris]] accused him of "selling out" to achieve popularity and wealth. His admirers, in contrast, pointed to the artist's connections with [[James McNeill Whistler|Whistler]] and [[Albert Joseph Moore|Albert Moore]], and influence on [[John Singer Sargent]]. Millais himself argued that as he grew more confident as an artist, he could paint with greater boldness. In his article "Thoughts on our Art of Today" (1888), he recommended [[Diego Velázquez|Velázquez]] and [[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt]] as models for artists to follow. Paintings such as ''The Eve of St. Agnes'' and ''The Somnambulist'' clearly show an ongoing dialogue between the artist and Whistler, whose work Millais strongly supported. Other paintings of the late 1850s and 1860s can be interpreted as anticipating aspects of the [[Aesthetic Movement]]. Many deploy broad blocks of harmoniously arranged colour and are symbolic rather than narratival. From 1862, the Millais family lived at 7 Cromwell Place, Kensington, London.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/ophelia/john-everett-millais |title=''John Everett Millais 1829–1896,'' Tate Gallery, London |publisher=Tate.org.uk |access-date=29 January 2014 |archive-date=6 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806103314/http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/ophelia/john-everett-millais |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Later works, from the 1870s onwards demonstrate Millais's reverence for [[Old Master]]s such as [[Joshua Reynolds]] and Velázquez. Many of these paintings were on an historical theme. Notable among these are ''The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower'' (1878) depicting the [[Princes in the Tower]], ''The Northwest Passage'' (1874) and the ''Boyhood of Raleigh'' (1871). Such paintings indicate Millais's interest in subjects connected to Britain's history and expanding empire. Millais also achieved great popularity with his paintings of children, notably ''[[Bubbles (painting)|Bubbles]]'' (1886) – famous, or perhaps notorious, for being used in the advertising of ''[[Pears soap]]'' – and ''[[Cherry Ripe (painting)|Cherry Ripe]]''. His last project (1896) was to be a painting entitled "The Last Trek". Based on his illustration for his son's book, it depicted a hunter lying dead in the [[veld]]t, his body contemplated by two onlookers.

== Landscapes 1870–1892 ==
[[File:JE Millais photo.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Millais later in his career]]
His many landscape paintings of this period usually depict difficult or dangerous terrain. The first of these, ''[[Chill October]]'' (1870, Collection of [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]), was painted in [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], near his wife's family home. It was the first of the large-scale Scottish landscapes Millais painted periodically throughout his later career. Usually autumnal and often bleakly unpicturesque, they evoke a mood of melancholy and sense of transience that recalls his cycle-of-nature paintings of the later 1850s, especially ''Autumn Leaves'' ([[Manchester Art Gallery]]) and ''The Vale of Rest'' (Tate Britain), though with little or no direct symbolism or human activity to point to their meaning.[[File:John Everett Millais by J. P. Mayall.jpg|thumb|250x250px|''John Everett Millais'' by J. P. Mayall<ref>[https://library.nga.gov/permalink/01NGA_INST/1p5jkvq/alma991625523804896 John Everett Millais]</ref> from ''Artists at Home'', [[photogravure]], published 1884, Department of Image Collections,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections.html|title = Image Collections}}</ref> National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC]]

In 1870 Millais returned to full landscape pictures, and over the next twenty years painted a number of scenes of Perthshire where he was annually found hunting and fishing from August until late into the autumn each year. Most of these landscapes are autumnal or early winter in season and show bleak, dank, water-fringed bog or moor, loch, and riverside. Millais never returned to "blade by blade" [[Landscape art|landscape painting]], nor to the vibrant greens of his own outdoor work in the early fifties, although the assured handling of his broader, freer later style is equally accomplished in its close observation of scenery. Many were painted elsewhere in [[Perthshire]], near [[Dunkeld]] and [[Birnam, Perth and Kinross|Birnam]], where Millais rented grand houses each autumn to hunt and fish. ''Christmas Eve'', his first full landscape snow scene, painted in 1887, was a view looking towards [[Murthly Castle]].

===Illustrations===
Millais was also very successful as a book illustrator, notably for the works of [[Anthony Trollope]] and the poems of [[Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson|Tennyson]]. His complex illustrations of the [[parables]] of Jesus were published in 1864. His father-in-law commissioned [[Stained glass|stained-glass windows]] based on them for [[Kinnoull Parish Church]], [[Kinnoull]]. He also provided illustrations for magazines such as ''[[Good Words]]''. As a young man, Millais frequently went on sketching expeditions to Keston and Hayes. While there he painted a sign for an inn where he used to stay, near to Hayes church (cited in ''Chums Annual'', 1896, page 213).

==Academic career and baronetage==
Millais was elected as an associate member of the [[Royal Academy of Arts]] in 1853; a decade later in 1863, he was elected as a full member of the Academy, in which he was a prominent and active participant. 

In July 1885, [[Queen Victoria]] created him a [[baronet]], of Palace Gate, in the
parish of [[St Mary Abbots|St Mary Abbot]], [[Kensington]], in the county of [[Middlesex]], and of [[Saint Ouen, Jersey|Saint Ouen]], in
the Island of [[Jersey]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25490 |date=14 July 1885 |page=3239 }}</ref> making him the first artist to be honoured with a [[hereditary title]].

==Last years and death==
After the death of [[Frederic Leighton|Lord Leighton]] in 1896, Millais was elected President of the Royal Academy. He died later in the same year from [[Esophageal cancer|throat cancer]]. He was buried in the crypt of [[St Paul's Cathedral]].<ref>"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral" [[William Sinclair (Archdeacon of London)|Sinclair, W.]] p. 469: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.</ref>

Additionally, between 1881 and 1882, Millais was elected and acted as the president of the [[Royal Birmingham Society of Artists]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Year's Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IptFAAAAIAAJ|year=1904}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Millais statue 3.jpg|thumb|220px|''John Everett Millais'' (1905), by [[Thomas Brock]] at [[Tate Britain]]]]

When Millais died in 1896, the [[Prince of Wales]] (later to become [[King Edward VII]]) chaired a memorial committee which commissioned a statue of the artist.<ref name=birchall>Birchall, Heather. [http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999961&workid=27325&searchid=11876&tabview=text "Sir Thomas Brock 1847–1922"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516035544/http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999961&workid=27325&searchid=11876&tabview=text |date=16 May 2011 }}, [[Tate Gallery|Tate online]], February 2002. Retrieved 5 April 2008.</ref> The statue, by [[Thomas Brock]], was installed at the front of the National Gallery of British Art (now Tate Britain) in the garden on the east side in 1905. On 23 November that year, the ''Pall Mall Gazette'' called it "a breezy statue, representing the man in the characteristic attitude in which we all knew him".<ref name=birchall/> In 1953, Tate director [[Norman Reid (museum director)|Norman Reid]] attempted to have it replaced by [[Auguste Rodin]]'s ''John the Baptist'', and in 1962 again proposed its removal, calling its presence "positively harmful".{{cn|date=January 2023}} His efforts were frustrated by the statue's owner, the [[Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Works]]. Ownership was transferred from the Ministry to [[English Heritage]] in 1996, and by them in turn to the Tate.<ref name=birchall/> In 2000, under Stephen Deuchar's directorship, the statue was removed to the side of the building to welcome visitors to the refurbished Manton Road entrance.<ref name=birchall/> In 2007, the artist was the subject of a major retrospective at Tate Britain, London visited by 151,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/millais|title = Millais – Exhibition at Tate Britain}}</ref> The exhibition then traveled to the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, followed by venues in Fukuoka and Tokyo, Japan, and seen by over 660,000 visitors in total.

Millais's relationship with Ruskin and Effie has been the subject of several dramas, beginning with the silent film ''The Love of John Ruskin'' from 1912. There have also been stage and radio plays and an opera. The 2014 film ''[[Effie Gray (film)|Effie Gray]]'', written by [[Emma Thompson]], featured [[Tom Sturridge]] as Millais. The Pre-Raphaelites have been the subjects of two [[BBC]] [[period drama]]s. The first, entitled ''[[The Love School]]'', was shown in 1975, starring [[Peter Egan]] as Millais. The second was ''[[Desperate Romantics]]'', in which Millais is played by [[Samuel Barnett (actor)|Samuel Barnett]]. It was first broadcast on [[BBC 2]] Tuesday, 21 July 2009.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/08_august/07/romantics.shtml |title=BBC Drama Production presents Desperate Romantics for BBC Two |date=7 August 2008 |publisher=BBC |access-date=23 October 2010}}</ref> [[Laurie Kynaston]] portrayed Millais in the [[Paramount+]] adaptation of [[Elizabeth Macneal]]'s ''[[The Doll Factory (TV series)|The Doll Factory]]'' (2023).

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="192">
File:Millais, John Everett (Sir) - Pizarro Seizing the Inca of Peru - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Pizarro Seizing the Inca of Peru]]'' (1846)
File:Huguenot lovers on St. Bartholomew's Day.jpg|[[A Huguenot|''A Huguenot on St Bartholomew's Day'']] (1851–52)
File:John Everett Millais (1829-1896) - Mrs Coventry Patmore - 1010 - Fitzwilliam Museum.jpg|Mrs Coventry Patmore ([[Emily Augusta Patmore]]) (1851) [[Fitzwilliam Museum]]
File:John Everett Millais - The rescue - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Rescue (painting)|The Rescue]]'', (1855)<br /> [[National Gallery of Victoria]], Melbourne
File:Millais - Das Tal der Stille.jpg|''[[The Vale of Rest]]'' (1858) Tate Britain, London
File:Bright Eyes - Sir John Everett Millais - ABDAG003135.jpg|''Bright Eyes'' (1877), [https://emuseum.aberdeencity.gov.uk/objects/2638 Aberdeen Archives, Gallery & Museums Collection]
File:John Everett Millais The Black Brunswicker.jpg|''The Black Brunswicker'' (1860)
File:Parable - The Leaven - Sir John Everett Millais - ABDAG004396.jpg|''Parable - The Leaven'' (c.1860), [https://emuseum.aberdeencity.gov.uk/objects/3780 Aberdeen Archives, Gallery & Museums Collection]
File:Parable - The Hidden Treasure - Sir John Everett Millais - ABDAG004395.jpg|''Parable - The Hidden Treasure'' (c.1860), [https://emuseum.aberdeencity.gov.uk/objects/3779 Aberdeen Archives, Gallery & Museums Collection]
File:Parable - The Pharisee and the Publican - Sir John Everett Millais - ABDAG004397.jpg|''Parable - The Pharisee and the Publican'' (c.1860), [https://emuseum.aberdeencity.gov.uk/objects/3781 Aberdeen Archives, Gallery & Museums Collection]
File:Madeleine undressing – Eve of St Agnes, John Everett Millais.jpg|''[[The Eve of Saint Agnes]]'' (1863)<br /> [[Royal Collection]]
File:Esthermillais.jpg|[[Esther (Millais painting)|''Esther'']] (1865) Private Collection
File:Millais - Vanessa, 1868.jpg|[[Vanessa (Millais painting)|''Vanessa'']] (1868)<br /> Liverpool Museums Service
File:John Everett Millais - Chill October.JPG|''[[Chill October]]'' (1870), private collection
File:John Everett Millais - A Flood.JPG|''A Flood'' (1870),
File:The Knight Errant b John Everett Millais 1870.jpg|''The Knight Errant'' (1870), [[Tate Britain]]
File:John Everett Millais - The Martyr of the Solway - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Martyr of Solway'' (circa 1871), [[Walker Art Gallery]]
File:An Idyll of 1745 (Millais).jpg|''An Idyll of 1745''. The three female artists models on the right were the sisters Lily Pettigrew (1870–1920); [[Hetty Pettigrew]] (1867–1953) and Rose Pettigrew (1872–1905)
File:EFFIE.jpg|''Portrait of Effie Millais'' (1873), Perth Museum and Art Gallery
File:John Everett Millais - The Yeoman of the Guard - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Yeoman of the Guard'' (1876)
File:The Princes in the Tower by John Everett Millais (1878).png|[[Princes in the Tower|''The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower'']] (1878)<br />Picture Gallery of [[Royal Holloway College]]
File:Louise Jane Jopling (née Goode, later Rowe) by Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Bt.jpg|[[Louise Jopling|Louise Jane Jopling]] (1879) [[National Portrait Gallery (London)]]
File:Acgladstone2.jpg|''[[William Ewart Gladstone]]'' (1879)
File:Millais - Self-Portrait.jpg|''Self-portrait'' (1881)
File:Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (by Sir John Everett Millais, 1881) - National Portrait Gallery (NPG 3241).jpg|''[[Portrait of Benjamin Disraeli (Millais)|Portrait of Benjamin Disraeli]]'' (1881) [[National Portrait Gallery (London)|National Portrait Gallery]]
File:John Henry Newman by Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Bt.jpg|''[[John Henry Newman]]'' (1881) [[National Portrait Gallery (London)]]
File:Grey lady.JPG|''The Grey Lady'' (1888)<br /> Private Collection
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of paintings by John Everett Millais]]

==Notes and references==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right
 | headerimage=[[File:Millais dante.jpg|210px]]
 | video1 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/millais-mariana.html Millais's ''Mariana'']
 | video2 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sir-john-everett-millais-christ-in-the-house-of-his-parents.html Sir John Everett Millais's ''Christ in the House of His Parents'']
 | video3 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sir-john-everett-millais-ophelia.html Sir John Everett Millais's ''Ophelia'']
 | video4 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/millais-the-vale-of-rest.html Millais's ''The Vale of Rest''], all from [[Smarthistory]]
 }}
*{{cite book|last=Anonymous|others=Illustrated by [[s:Author:Frederick Waddy|Waddy, Frederick]]|title=Cartoon portraits and biographical sketches of men of the day|chapter=John Everett Millais |url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day/John_Everett_Millais|access-date=28 December 2010|year=1873|publisher=Tinsley Brothers|location=London|pages=8–9}}
*[[Alfred Lys Baldry|Baldry, A. L.]] ''[https://archive.org/details/sirjohneverettmi00baldrich Sir John Everett Millais]'' (London, G. Bell & Sons, 1908).
*Barlow, Paul ''Time Present and Time Past: The Art of John Everett Millais'', Ashgate 2005.
*Bennett, Mary. ''Footnotes to the Millais Exhibition'' ([[Walker Art Gallery]] (Liverpool Bulletin, No 12 1967).
*Bennett, Mary (catalogue) ([[Walker Art Gallery]] and Royal Academy catalogue 1967).
*{{cite news | last =Campbell-Johnston | first =R| title =''Master of Victorian values''| work =Visual Arts|publisher=The Times| date =25 September 2007| url =http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article2522623.ece| archive-url =https://archive.today/20080402101314/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article2522623.ece| url-status =dead| archive-date =2 April 2008| access-date =24 September 2007  | location=London}}
*{{cite book | last =Daly | first =G | title =Pre-Raphaelites in love | publisher =Ticknor & Fields | year =1989 | location =New York | id =[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18463706&referer=brief_results OCLC: 18463706] | isbn =0-89919-450-8 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/preraphaelitesin00daly }}
*Eggeling, Dr Joe. ''Millais and Dunkeld The story of Millais's Landscapes'' (1985).
*Goldman, Paul. ''Beyond Decoration: the Illustrations of John Everett Millais''. Pinner, Middlesex: [[Private Libraries Association]], 2005
*Lutyens (ed). ''Millais and the Ruskins'' 1967.
*Lutyens, M. ''Letters from John Everett Millais, Bart P.R.A. and William Holman Hunt. O.M.'' (The [[Walpole Society]], 1972–4).
*Mancoff, D. N. (ed). ''John Everett Millais beyond the Pre Raphaelite Brotherhood'' (London and New Haven, 2001).
*[[John Guille Millais|Millais, John Guille]]. ''The Life and Letters of John Everett Millais''. [https://archive.org/details/lifelettersofsir01milliala Volume 1], [https://archive.org/details/lifeandlettersof000613mbp Volume 2] (London: Methuen, 1899).
*''National Portrait Gallery'' catalogue, 1999.
*Rosenfeld, Jason and [[Alison Smith (curator)|Alison Smith]] (''[[Tate Britain]]'' catalogue, 2007).
*Rosenfeld, Jason. ''John Everett Millais.'' Phaidon Press Ltd., 2012.
*{{cite news | last=Reynolds | first=Matthew | title=Millais's high drama and low designs| newspaper=The Times | date=24 October 2007 | location=London}}
*Spielmann, Marion. ''Notes on Millais Exhibition R.A.'' 1898.
*F.G. Stephens. ''Grosvenor 1886 Exhibition of the works of John Everett Millais, Bt'' (Notes from a catalogue, 1886)
*Warner, Malcolm. ''The Drawings of John Everett Millais'' ([[Arts Council of Great Britain|Arts Council]] catalogue, 1979).
*{{cite book|last=Williamson|first=Audrey|title=Artists and Writers in Revolt – The Pre-Raphaelites|url=https://archive.org/details/artistswritersin0000will|url-access=registration|year=1976|isbn=978-0-7153-7262-3}}

==External links==
{{commons|John Everett Millais}}
* {{Art UK bio}}
* {{cite book|author=Millais, John Everett|url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/collections/paintings/gallery2/spring.aspx|title=Spring|publisher=[[Lady Lever Art Gallery]]}} 
* [https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/about/collections/featured-artists/Sir-John-Everett-Millais.aspx National Museums Liverpool important Millais collection]
* [http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/ophelia Millais's ''Ophelia'' in focus on Tate Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824043836/http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/ophelia |date=24 August 2017 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LgtilBrA4g Tate Shots: Millais's ''Isabella'']
* [https://smarthistory.org/millais-ophelia/ smARThistory: ''Christ in the House of His Parents'' and ''Ophelia''] – Khan Academy
* [http://www.preraphaelites.org/the-collection/artist-biography/john-everett-millais/ Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery's Pre-Raphaelite Online Resource] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825214207/http://www.preraphaelites.org/the-collection/artist-biography/john-everett-millais/ |date=25 August 2019 }} includes almost 200 paintings on canvas and works on paper by Millais

{{s-start}}
{{s-culture}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton|The Lord Leighton]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of officers of the Royal Academy of Arts#Presidents (PRA)|President of the Royal Academy]]|years=1896}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Edward Poynter|Sir Edward Poynter]]}}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Millais Baronets|Baronet]]<br />'''(of Palace Gate and St Ouen)''' |years=1885–1896}}
{{s-aft|after=Everett Millais}}
{{s-end}}

{{John Everett Millais|state=expanded}}
{{Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Millais, John Everett}}
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:19th-century English painters]]
[[Category:English male painters]]
[[Category:English illustrators]]
[[Category:English people of Norman descent]]
[[Category:Artists from Southampton]]
[[Category:Pre-Raphaelite painters]]
[[Category:Royal Academicians]]
[[Category:Burials at St Paul's Cathedral]]
[[Category:Deaths from laryngeal cancer]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in England]]
[[Category:Artists' Rifles officers]]
[[Category:1829 births]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Society of Portrait Painters]]
[[Category:British child artists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]
[[Category:Millais family|John Everett]]
[[Category:Pre-Raphaelite illustrators]]
[[Category:19th-century English male artists]]