Editing John Day, Oregon

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = John Day, Oregon
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
|image_skyline            = John Day Oregon.JPG
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = 
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
|image_map = Grant_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_John_Day_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Oregon]]
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oregon]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Grant County, Oregon|Grant]]
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = Mayor
|leader_name              = Ron Lundbom<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofjohnday.com/MayorandCouncil/tabid/5082/language/en-US/Default.aspx|title=Mayor and Council|publisher=City of John Day|access-date=2013-05-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902095714/http://www.cityofjohnday.com/MayorandCouncil/tabid/5082/language/en-US/Default.aspx|archive-date=2013-09-02}}</ref>
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = 1901
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_sq_mi         = 2.26
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 5.85
|area_land_sq_mi          = 2.26
|area_land_km2            = 5.85
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_note          = 
|population_total         = 1664
|population_density_km2   = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset               = -8
|timezone_DST             = Pacific
|utc_offset_DST           = -7
|coordinates              = {{coord|44|25|05|N|118|57|23|W|type:city_region:US-OR|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 3078
|website                  = [http://www.cityofjohnday.com www.cityofjohnday.com]
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 97845
|area_code                = [[Area codes 541 and 458|458 and 541]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 41-37550<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2410144<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410144}}</ref>
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}
'''John Day''' is a city located approximately {{convert|2|mi|km}} north of [[Canyon City, Oregon|Canyon City]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://check-distance.com/search?from=John+Day,+Oregon,+United+States+of+America&to=Canyon+City,+Oregon,+United+States+of+America&flat=44.4158&flon=-118.953&tlat=44.3896&tlon=-118.95|title=Distance from John Day, Oregon, United States of America to Canyon City, Oregon, United States of America|website=check-distance.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-13|archive-date=February 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214061613/https://check-distance.com/search?from=John+Day,+Oregon,+United+States+of+America&to=Canyon+City,+Oregon,+United+States+of+America&flat=44.4158&flon=-118.953&tlat=44.3896&tlon=-118.95|url-status=dead}}</ref> in [[Grant County, Oregon]], United States, at the intersection of U.S. Routes [[U.S. Route 26 in Oregon|26]] and [[U.S. Route 395 (Oregon)|395]]. The city was named for the nearby [[John Day River]], which, along with [[Dayville, Oregon|Dayville]], had been named for a [[Virginia]] member of the 1811 [[Astor Expedition]], [[John Day (trapper)|John Day]].<ref name=OGN>{{cite book |last= McArthur |first= Lewis A. |author-link= Lewis A. McArthur |author2=Lewis L. McArthur |author2-link=Lewis L. McArthur |title= [[Oregon Geographic Names]] |orig-year= 1928 |edition= 7th |year= 2003 |publisher= [[Oregon Historical Society Press]] |location= [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], Oregon |isbn= 0-87595-277-1 |pages=512–513}}</ref> The city was incorporated in 1901.<ref name=legrecords>{{cite book|title=Journal of the House of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon|year=1903|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SxdOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA994|pages=994&ndash;1000|location=Salem, Oregon|publisher=Oregon Legislative Assembly|access-date=May 27, 2012}}</ref>

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city had a total population of 1,664,<ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/> making it the largest city in the county.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

== History ==
The first homestead staked in what is now [[Grant County, Oregon|Grant County]] (then part of  [[Wasco County, Oregon|Wasco County]]), in 1862 by B. C. Trowbridge, was within the limits of the present city of John Day. The [[Eastern Oregon]] community was not as quick to grow as neighboring [[Canyon City, Oregon|Canyon City]], which was the county seat and center of the bustling mining industry in the area.  Incrementally, local merchants and residents began relocating to John Day—primarily each time after severe fires in Canyon City: the Grant County Courthouse burned in 1870, Chinatown burned in 1885, and fires in 1898 and 1937 each devastated Canyon City's downtown.<ref name=potter>{{cite book |last=Potter |first=Miles |title=Oregon's Golden Years: Bonanza of the West |publisher=The Caxton Printers, Ltd. |location=Caldwell, Idaho |year=1976 |pages=61–69 |isbn= 0-87004-254-8}}</ref>
[[File:1885 John Day, Oregon.jpeg|thumb|left|John Day circa 1885]]

The first post office at "John Day City" was established in 1865, but was discontinued in 1871.  It was reestablished in 1879 with the name John Day.<ref name=OGN/>  In April 1900, a local committee was elected, and the Oregon Legislature approved an Act [[municipal corporation|incorporating]] the city of John Day on February 23, 1901.<ref name=legrecords/>
<!-- page 69 of Potter's book says John Day was incorporated Jun. 7, 1900, Oregon Blue Book says May 9, 1900, and Oregon legislative records say Feb. 23, 1901 -->
The largest part of early John Day was composed of the Chinese community, commonly called Tiger Town.<ref name=potter/> In 1882, the Advent Christian Church in John Day had 547 members, 382 of whom were Chinese (and a number of Chinese residents were interred in the Seventh Day Adventist Cemetery).{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}  By 1887, John Day was home to nearly 1,000 [[Chinese American|Chinese immigrants]], who had been attracted to the area by a [[gold rush]] 20 years earlier, many of whom were displaced by the 1885 fire in Canyon City.<ref name=potter/>

A [[trading post]] built in the area in the 1860s along [[The Dalles Military Road]] was purchased in 1887 by two Chinese immigrants, Lung On and Ing Hay. They converted the trading post into a clinic, [[general store]], and social center for the community, which continued to operate until the 1940s. In the 1970s the building, then the property of the city of John Day, was converted into a museum called the [[Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum]].  It is now operated in conjunction with the [[Oregon Parks and Recreation Department]] and is one of the premier surviving examples of a 19th-century Chinese apothecary shop. It was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 2005.<ref name=potter/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/kam_wah_chung/|title=Kam Wah Chung and Co.|first=Jodi|last=Varon|encyclopedia=The Oregon Encyclopedia|publisher=Portland State University|access-date=May 27, 2013}}</ref>

== Geography ==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.87|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=U.S. Gazetteer: 2010, 2000, and 1990|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=August 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801212339/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography.html|archive-date=August 1, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

John Day is surrounded by the [[Strawberry Mountains (Oregon)|Strawberry Mountains]] to the south and the [[Blue Mountains (Oregon)|Blue Mountains]] to the east.

===Geology===
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2008}}
The bedrock geology of the John Day area is a complex assemblage of [[Permian]] to [[Triassic]] age [[metamorphic]] and [[igneous rock]]s which were added to the western North American continental margin by tectonic activity in the Triassic and [[Jurassic]] periods.  [[Cenozoic]] age [[volcanic rock]]s related to the long-lived [[Columbia River Basalt]] emplacement were deposited above these bedrock units.

The area around John Day contains some of the most important [[paleontological]] resources known. From about the time the [[dinosaur]]s disappeared right up until the [[Pleistocene]], the region was subjected to significant volcanism and other processes that preserved many fossils. Because the matrix in which the fossils are entombed is datable, the fossils themselves can be dated with excellent precision. This gives paleontologists the ability to study how species changed over time and also how the relationship between ecosystems and climate changed.

===Climate===
Despite its dry climate and inland location, John Day has as an [[oceanic climate]] (Cfb) according to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system. However, it nearly qualifies as a [[steppe climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] BSk) due to its relative aridity, and as a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] Dfb) due to its cold winter temperatures.

{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | collapsed   = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = John Day, Oregon (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1903–1906, 1953–present)
 | Jan record high F  = 69
 | Feb record high F  = 73
 | Mar record high F  = 80
 | Apr record high F  = 91
 | May record high F  = 98
 | Jun record high F  = 103
 | Jul record high F  = 110
 | Aug record high F  = 112
 | Sep record high F  = 110
 | Oct record high F  = 95
 | Nov record high F  = 79
 | Dec record high F  = 66
 | year record high F = 
 | Jan high F = 40.3
 | Feb high F = 44.8
 | Mar high F = 51.5
 | Apr high F = 57.3
 | May high F = 66.4
 | Jun high F = 74.5
 | Jul high F = 86.2
 | Aug high F = 85.8
 | Sep high F = 76.7
 | Oct high F = 62.2
 | Nov high F = 47.5
 | Dec high F = 39.0
 | year high F = 61.0
 | Jan mean F = 30.8
 | Feb mean F = 33.7
 | Mar mean F = 38.9
 | Apr mean F = 43.8
 | May mean F = 51.8
 | Jun mean F = 58.6
 | Jul mean F = 67.0
 | Aug mean F = 65.9
 | Sep mean F = 57.9
 | Oct mean F = 46.7
 | Nov mean F = 36.6
 | Dec mean F = 29.9
 | year mean F = 46.8
 | Jan low F = 21.2
 | Feb low F = 22.6
 | Mar low F = 26.4
 | Apr low F = 30.3
 | May low F = 37.1
 | Jun low F = 42.7
 | Jul low F = 47.8
 | Aug low F = 46.1
 | Sep low F = 39.1
 | Oct low F = 31.1
 | Nov low F = 25.6
 | Dec low F = 20.8
 | year low F = 32.6
 | Jan record low F  = -24
 | Feb record low F  = -20
 | Mar record low F  = -5
 | Apr record low F  = 13
 | May record low F  = 13
 | Jun record low F  = 25
 | Jul record low F  = 35
 | Aug record low F  = 30
 | Sep record low F  = 21
 | Oct record low F  = 4
 | Nov record low F  = -9
 | Dec record low F  = -23
 | year record low F = 
 | precipitation colour   = green
 | Jan precipitation inch = 1.09
 | Feb precipitation inch = 0.60
 | Mar precipitation inch = 1.14
 | Apr precipitation inch = 1.49
 | May precipitation inch = 1.83
 | Jun precipitation inch = 1.30
 | Jul precipitation inch = 0.43
 | Aug precipitation inch = 0.50
 | Sep precipitation inch = 0.52
 | Oct precipitation inch = 1.04
 | Nov precipitation inch = 1.19
 | Dec precipitation inch = 1.14
 | year precipitation inch = 12.27
 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
 | Jan precipitation days  = 10.6
 | Feb precipitation days  = 8.7
 | Mar precipitation days  = 10.4
 | Apr precipitation days  = 11.9
 | May precipitation days  = 12.0
 | Jun precipitation days  = 8.5
 | Jul precipitation days  = 3.3
 | Aug precipitation days  = 3.1
 | Sep precipitation days  = 4.4
 | Oct precipitation days  = 8.2
 | Nov precipitation days  = 10.6
 | Dec precipitation days  = 11.3
 | year precipitation days = 103.0
 | Jan snow inch = 3.5
 | Feb snow inch = 1.4
 | Mar snow inch = 1.2
 | Apr snow inch = 0.3
 | May snow inch = 0.0
 | Jun snow inch = 0.0
 | Jul snow inch = 0.0
 | Aug snow inch = 0.0
 | Sep snow inch = 0.0
 | Oct snow inch = 0.2
 | Nov snow inch = 1.0
 | Dec snow inch = 2.0
 | year snow inch = 9.6
 | unit snow days = 0.1 in
 | Jan snow days  = 3.0
 | Feb snow days  = 1.8
 | Mar snow days  = 1.2
 | Apr snow days  = 0.6
 | May snow days  = 0.0
 | Jun snow days  = 0.0
 | Jul snow days  = 0.0
 | Aug snow days  = 0.0
 | Sep snow days  = 0.0
 | Oct snow days  = 0.1
 | Nov snow days  = 1.2
 | Dec snow days  = 2.7
 | year snow days = 10.6
 | source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=pdt
|title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = December 10, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00354291&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = December 10, 2023}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1870= 179
|1880= 280
|1890= 211
|1900= 282
|1910= 258
|1920= 321
|1930= 432
|1940= 708
|1950= 1597
|1960= 1520
|1970= 1566
|1980= 2012
|1990= 1836
|2000= 1821
|2010= 1744
|2020= 1664
|footnote=source:<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov|access-date=August 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Moffatt|first=Riley Moore|title=Population History of Western U.S. Cities and Towns, 1850–1990|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=1996|page=211|isbn=978-0-8108-3033-2}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=November 2022|reason=hard-to-read data file}}
}}

{{update|section|date=November 2022|reason=Newer information is available from the 2020 census report}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 1,744 people, 794 households, and 450 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|932.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 895 housing units at an average density of {{convert|478.6|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 94.4% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.5% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.7% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.0% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.7% of the population.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>

There were 794 households, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.3% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.79.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median age in the city was 42.9 years. 22.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 25.5% were from 45 to 64; and 22% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>

===2000 census===
As of the census of 2000, there were 1821 people, 734 households, and 472 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|969.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 846 housing units at an average density of {{convert|450.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.92% White, 1.15% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 0% African American, 0.55% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.42% of the population.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>

There were 734 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.01.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median income for a household in the city was $31,953, and the median income for a family was $34,327. Males had a median income of $31,908 versus $22,067 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,488. About 13.0% of families and 17.5% of the population were living below the [[poverty line]], including 21.0% of those under the age of 18 and 22.4% of those 65 and older.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/>

==Economy==
Historically, industrial and agricultural businesses like gold mining, sheep and cattle ranching, timber harvesting, and lumber milling have been the economic mainstays of the community. However, federal policies that shut down all gold mining in the United States in 1942, the decreasing availability of [[ponderosa pine]] due to a lack of timber sales, and relatively high transportation costs have resulted in a significant decrease in the viability of the resource-based economic sector.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foden-Vencil |first=Kristian |date=April 19, 2022 |title=John Day leaders hope fresh, local vegetables can help save their city |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2022/04/19/john-day-oregon-grant-county-leaders-greenhouse-project-to-lure-families/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=OPB News |language=en}}</ref> Other employments, such as in recreation, health care, and government (the headquarters of the [[Malheur National Forest]] administration is located in John Day) now account for a majority of jobs in the city.

==Education==
It is in the [[John Day School District]] (a.k.a. the Grant School District).<ref>{{cite map|author=Geography Division|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41023_grant/DC20SD_C41023.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Grant County, OR|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|date=December 18, 2020|access-date=2025-03-20}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41023_grant/DC20SD_C41023_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
* [[Grant County Regional Airport]]
* [[U.S. Route 26 (Oregon)|U.S. Route 26]] and [[U.S. Route 395 (Oregon)|U.S. Route 395]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/e-k/john-day.aspx Entry for John Day] in the ''[[Oregon Blue Book]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090312050509/http://www.gcoregonlive.com/bus_display.php/135 Grant County Chamber of Commerce entry for John Day]

{{Grant County, Oregon}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:John Day, Oregon| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1860s]]
[[Category:Cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Grant County, Oregon]]
[[Category:1865 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1865]]