Editing John B. Anderson

{{Short description|American politician (1922–2017)}}
{{for|the American general|John B. Anderson (United States Army officer)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image               = John B. Anderson in New Jersey (cropped).jpg
| alt                 = Photograph of John B. Anderson
| caption             = Photo by [[Bernard Gotfryd]], 1980
| office              = [[Chairman of the House Republican Conference|Chair of the House Republican Conference]]
| leader              = [[Gerald Ford]]<br>[[John Jacob Rhodes]]
| term_start          = January 3, 1969
| term_end            = June 8, 1979
| predecessor         = [[Melvin Laird]]
| successor           = [[Samuel L. Devine]]
| state1              = [[Illinois]]
| district1           = {{ushr|IL|16|16th}}
| term_start1         = January 3, 1961
| term_end1           = January 3, 1981
| predecessor1        = [[Leo E. Allen]]
| successor1          = [[Lynn M. Martin]]
| birth_name          = John Bayard Anderson
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1922|2|15}}
| birth_place         = [[Rockford, Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2017|12|3|1922|2|15}}
| death_place         = Washington, D.C., U.S.
| restingplace        = [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
| party               = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (before 1980)<br>[[Independent politician|Independent]] (1980–2017)
| spouse              = {{marriage|Keke Machakos|1953}}
| children            = 5
| education           = [[University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]])<br />[[Harvard University]] ([[Master of Laws|LLM]])
| allegiance          = {{flag|United States|1912}}
| branch              = {{army|United States}}
| serviceyears        = 1943–1945
| rank                = [[File:US Army WWII SSGT.svg|15px]] [[Staff Sergeant]]
| battles             = [[World War II]]
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=|title=Anderson's voice|type=speech|description=Anderson on what gives him the proper character to lead<br />Recorded February 25, 1980}}
}}
'''John Bayard Anderson''' (February 15, 1922&nbsp;– December 3, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the [[United States House of Representatives]], representing [[Illinois's 16th congressional district]] from 1961 to 1981. A member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], he also served as the Chairman of the House Republican Conference from 1969 until 1979. In [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], he ran an [[Independent politician|independent]] campaign for president, receiving 6.6% of the popular vote.

Born in [[Rockford, Illinois]], Anderson practiced law after serving in the [[United States Army|Army]] during [[World War II]]. After a stint in the [[United States Foreign Service]], he won election as the State's Attorney for [[Winnebago County, Illinois]]. He won election to the House of Representatives in 1960 in a strongly Republican district. Initially one of the most [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] members of the House, Anderson's views moderated during the 1960s, particularly regarding social issues. He became chairman of the [[Republican Conference of the United States House of Representatives|House Republican Conference]] in 1969 and remained in that position until 1979. He strongly criticized the [[Vietnam War]] as well as President [[Richard Nixon]]'s actions during the [[Watergate scandal]]. 

Anderson entered the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 1980|1980 Republican presidential primaries]], introducing his signature campaign proposal of raising the [[Fuel taxes in the United States|gas tax]] while cutting [[Social Security (United States)#Taxation|Social Security taxes]]. Anderson established himself as a contender for the nomination in the early primaries but eventually dropped out of the Republican race, choosing to pursue an independent campaign for president. In the election, he finished third behind Republican nominee [[Ronald Reagan]] and Democratic President [[Jimmy Carter]]. He won support among Democrats who became disillusioned with Carter, as well as [[Rockefeller Republican]]s, independents, liberal intellectuals, and college students. 

After the 1980 election, he resumed his legal career and helped found [[FairVote]], an organization that advocates [[electoral reform]], including an [[instant-runoff voting]] system. He also won a lawsuit against the state of [[Ohio]], ''[[Anderson v. Celebrezze]]'', in which the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] struck down early filing deadlines for independent candidates. Anderson served as a visiting professor at numerous universities and was on the boards of several organizations. He endorsed [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] candidate [[Ralph Nader]] in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]].

== Early life and career ==

Anderson was born in [[Rockford, Illinois]], where he grew up, the son of Mabel Edna (née Ring) and E. Albin Anderson. His father was a Swedish immigrant, as were his maternal grandparents.<ref name="NYT1980">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/26/archives/anderson-chooses-lucey-for-his-ticket-praises-exwisconsin-governor.html | work = The New York Times | title = Anderson Chooses Lucey for his Ticket; Praises Ex-Wisconsin Governor as Qualified for the White House Seeking Broader Support Anderson Picks Lucey, Ex-Governor of Wisconsin, as Running Mate Matter of Prominence Sees Effect on Congressmen Gives Carter 'No Chance' | date = August 26, 1980 | access-date = May 6, 2010 | first = Warren | last = Weaver Jr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/623990942.html?dids=623990942:623990942&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Mar+06%2C+1980&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Wife+a+prime+mover+in+the+primary+campaign&pqatl=google | work = Chicago Tribune | title = Wife a prime mover in the primary campaign | first = David | last = Axelrod | author-link = David Axelrod (political consultant) | date = March 6, 1980 | access-date = July 6, 2017 | archive-date = October 24, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024111321/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/623990942.html?dids=623990942:623990942&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Mar+06,+1980&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Wife+a+prime+mover+in+the+primary+campaign&pqatl=google | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Lawrence Kestenbaum | url = http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/anderson5.html | title = Index to Politicians: Anderson, J | website = The Political Graveyard | access-date = July 28, 2011}}</ref>{{sfn|Mason|2011| p = [https://books.google.com/books?id=9pOZthhF1ygC&q=%22Mabel+Edna+Ring%22&pg=PA8 8]}} His father was born in 1885 in [[:sv:Eriksbergs socken|Eriksberg parish]], [[Västergötland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Birth records – Eriksberg parish 1881–1894 |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/bildvisning/A0019689_00020#?c=&m=&s=&cv=19&xywh=-862%2C-484%2C3260%2C4362 |access-date=1 December 2024 |work=Riksarkivet |publisher=www.riksarkivet.se |pages=15}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Census 1890 – Ernst Albin Andersson |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/folkrakningar?Fornamn=Ernst+Albin&DatumFran=1885&DatumTill=1885&Folk1860=true&Folk1870=true&Folk1880=true&Folk1890=true&Folk1900=true&Folk1910=true&Folk1930=false&AvanceradSok=False&page=16&postid=Folk_102982171&tab=post#tab |access-date=2024-11-30 |work=Riksarkivet |publisher=www.riksarkivet.se |language=sv}}<!-- auto-translated from Swedish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> His mother was born in 1886 [[Stillman Valley, Illinois|Stillman Valley]], Illinois,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-23 |title=Mabel Edna Anderson |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Mabel-Anderson/6000000071645564004 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=Geni family tree |language=en-US}}</ref> her father had immigrated from [[Rydaholm|Rydaholm parish]], [[Småland]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birth records – Rydaholm parish 1826–1854 |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/bildvisning/C0023006_00095#?c=&m=&s=&cv=94&xywh=1901%2C-202%2C3967%2C5308 |website=www.riksarkivet.se |page=177}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riksarkivet |title=Census 1880 – Johannes Ring the older |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/folkrakningar?Fornamn=Johannes&Efternamn=Ring&Folk1860=true&Folk1870=true&Folk1880=true&Folk1890=true&Folk1900=true&Folk1910=true&Folk1930=true&Civilstand=G&AvanceradSok=true&page=17&postid=Folk_119816935&tab=post#tab |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=sok.riksarkivet.se |language=sv}}</ref>

In his youth, he worked in his family's grocery store.<ref name=Ad>{{cite web | url = http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980/john-anderson | title = The Living Room Candidate | website = www.livingroomcandidate.org}}</ref> He graduated as the valedictorian of his class (1939) at [[Rockford Central High School]].<ref name="NYTobit"/> He graduated from the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] in 1942, and started law school; his education was interrupted by [[World War II]].<ref name="NYT1980"/> He enlisted in the [[United States Army|Army]] in 1943, and served as a [[staff sergeant]] in the U.S. Field Artillery in France and Germany until the end of the war, receiving four [[service star]]s.<ref name=Ad/> After the war, Anderson returned to complete his education, earning a [[Juris Doctor]] (J.D.) from the [[University of Illinois College of Law]] in 1946.<ref name="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">{{cite web | title = Anderson, John Bayard | url = http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=a000195 | access-date = January 18, 2017}}</ref>

Anderson was admitted to the Illinois [[bar (law)|bar]] the same year, and practiced law in Rockford. Soon after, he moved east to attend [[Harvard Law School]], obtaining a [[Master of Laws]] (LL.M.) in 1949.<ref name="NYTobit"/> While at Harvard, he served on the faculty of [[Northeastern University School of Law]] in Boston.<ref name="CTobit">{{cite web | url = http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-john-anderson-dead-20171204-story.html | title = Illinois Republican John B. Anderson, third-party candidate for President in 1980, Dies at 95 | work = [[Chicago Tribune]] | date = December 4, 2017 | access-date = December 4, 2017}}</ref> In another brief return to Rockford, Anderson practiced at the law firm Large, Reno & Zahm (now Reno & Zahm LLP).<ref name="CTobit"/> Thereafter, Anderson joined the [[United States Foreign Service|Foreign Service]].<ref name="NYT1980"/> From 1952 to 1955, he served in [[Berlin]], as the Economic Reporting Officer in the Eastern Affairs Division, as an adviser on the staff of the [[Allied High Commission|United States High Commissioner for Germany]].<ref name="CTobit"/> At the end of his tour, he left the foreign service and once again returned to the practice of law in Rockford.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 9–10}}

== Early political career ==

[[File:John B. Anderson congress.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Anderson in 1965 during the [[89th Congress]]]]

Soon after his return, Anderson was approached about running for public office. In 1956, Anderson was elected [[State's attorney|State's Attorney]] in [[Winnebago County, Illinois]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web | last = Burnett | first = Sara | date = December 4, 2017 | title = Ex-Illinois Rep. John Anderson, who ran for president, dies | url = https://apnews.com/article/989f24377982423e846248db67c86c3a | access-date = October 16, 2020 | website = AP News}}</ref> first winning a four-person race in the April primary by 1,330 votes and then the general election in November by 11,456 votes.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Hornblower | first = Margot | date = October 23, 1980 | title = Anderson: Steady and Self-Confident | language = en-US | newspaper = Washington Post | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/23/anderson-steady-and-self-confident/6401908d-fc90-4eaa-8243-a0cec5b3989e/ | access-date = October 16, 2020 | issn = 0190-8286}}</ref> After serving for one term, he was ready to leave that office when the local congressman, 28-year incumbent [[Leo E. Allen]], announced his retirement. Anderson joined the Republican primary for Allen's 16th District seat—the real contest in this then-solidly Republican district based in Rockford and stretching across the state's northwest corner. He won a five-way primary in April (by 5,900 votes) in April and then the general election in November (by 45,000 votes).{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 10–14}} He served in the [[United States House of Representatives]] for ten terms, from 1961 to 1981.<ref name="NYTobit"/><ref name=":0"/>

Initially, Anderson was among the most conservative members of the Republican caucus. Three times (in 1961, 1963, and 1965) in his early terms as a Congressman, Anderson introduced a [[constitutional amendment]] to attempt to "recognize the law and authority of Jesus Christ" over the United States.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=september-21-1980-debate-transcript | title = Debate Transcript | work = Commission on Presidential Debates | access-date = February 17, 2008}}</ref> The bills died quietly but later came back to haunt Anderson in his presidential candidacy.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 14–15}}{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 234–235}} Anderson voted in favor of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil Rights Acts of 1964]] and [[Civil Rights Act of 1968|1968]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=House – February 10, 1964|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=110|issue=2|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|pages=2804–2805|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt2/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt2-10-2.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-date=March 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317215522/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt2/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt2-10-2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=House – July 2, 1964|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=110|issue=12|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=15897|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt12-4-2.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-date=March 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317215801/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt12-4-2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=House – August 16, 1967|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=113|issue=17|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=22778|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt17/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt17-5-1.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-date=January 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121202124/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt17/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt17-5-1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=House – April 10, 1968|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=114|issue=8|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=9621|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt8/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt8-1-2.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-date=February 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228022757/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt8/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt8-1-2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as the [[24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]] and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=House – August 27, 1962|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=108|issue=13|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=17670|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt13/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt13-7-1.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-date=March 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317215704/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt13/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt13-7-1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=House – July 9, 1965|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=111|issue=12|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|pages=16285–16286|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt12-3-2.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204070445/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt12-3-2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=House – August 3, 1965|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=111|issue=14|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=19201|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt14/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt14-5-2.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-date=March 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306104521/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt14/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt14-5-2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Initially supportive of [[Barry Goldwater]]'s candidacy for president in 1964 and believing Goldwater to be a "honest, sincere man", Anderson came to believe that most of his ideas would not work on a national scale, and described [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'s victory over Goldwater in the 1964 election as a vote for moderation, believing that the Republican Party needed to go in a moderate direction. Other factors such as attending the funerals of [[Andrew Goodman (activist)|Andrew Goodman]], [[Michael Schwerner]], and [[James Chaney]], as well as the street riots happening in America at that point, led to Anderson shift from the right to the left on social issues, although his fiscal positions largely remained conservative.<ref name="NYT1980"/> The riots led Anderson to vote in favor of the [[Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968]].<ref name="auto">No Holding Back: The 1980 John B. Anderson Presidential Campaign</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/h405|title=To Agree to Conference Report on S. 3497, The Housing … – House Vote #405 – Jul 26, 1968|website=GovTrack.us}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/03/06/john-b-anderson-12-years-on-the-road-to-discovery/93e4c63d-cc39-4125-a1c5-02bbb39657a8/|title= 
John B. Anderson: 12 Years On the Road to Discovery|newspaper= 
[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
[[File:John B Anderson 1974 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Anderson in 1974]]
In 1964, Anderson won appointment to a seat on the powerful [[United States House Committee on Rules|Rules Committee]].<ref name="NYTobit"/> In 1969, he became [[Republican Conference Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman]] of the [[Republican Conference of the United States House of Representatives|House Republican Conference]], the number three position in the [[Leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Republican hierarchy]] in what was (at that time) the minority party.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 16–21}} Anderson increasingly found himself at odds with conservatives in his home district and other members of the House.<ref name="CTobit"/> He was not always a faithful supporter of the Republican agenda, despite his high rank in the Republican caucus. He was very critical of the Vietnam War, and was a very controversial critic of [[Richard Nixon]] during [[Watergate]].<ref name="CTobit"/> In 1974, despite his criticism of Nixon, the strong anti-Republican tide in that year's election held him to 55% of the vote, what would be the lowest percentage of his career.<ref name="NYTobit"/> Anderson described Nixon as a "man of great duplicity".

His spot as the chairman of the House Republican Committee was challenged three times after his election<ref name="NYTobit"/> and, when [[Gerald Ford]] was defeated in the [[1976 United States presidential election|1976 presidential campaign]], Anderson lost a key ally in Washington.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 24–27}} In 1970 and 1972, Anderson had a Democratic challenger in Rockford Professor John E. Devine. In both years, Anderson defeated Devine by a wide margin.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/devine.html | title = The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Devine | first = Lawrence | last = Kestenbaum | website = politicalgraveyard.com}}</ref> In late 1977, a fundamentalist television minister from Rockford, Don Lyon, announced that he would challenge Anderson in the Republican primary.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 30—35}} It was a contentious campaign, where Lyon, with his experience before the camera, proved to be a formidable candidate.<ref name="RMS">Ira Teinowitz, "Anderson–Lyon Race is Top Attraction", ''Rockford Morning Star'', February 26, 1978.</ref> Lyon raised a great deal of money, won backing from many conservatives in the community and party, and put quite a scare into the Anderson team.<ref name="RMS" /> Though Anderson was a leader in the House and the campaign commanded national attention, Anderson won the primary by 16% of the vote.<ref name="NYT1980" /> Anderson was aided in this campaign by strong newspaper endorsements and crossover support from independents and Democrats.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 28–36}}

== 1980 presidential campaign ==
{{See also|1980 United States presidential election}}

=== Early campaign ===

[[File:Republican Debate with Ronald Reagan, Philip Crane, George Bush and John Anderson with moderator Eric Sevareid in Chicago, Illinois.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Anderson (far right) in a [[League of Women Voters]]-sponsored presidential forum alongside fellow Republican candidates, March 13, 1980]]

In 1978, Anderson formed a presidential campaign [[exploratory committee]],<ref>Campaign Jon Moore, ed., The Campaign for President: 1980 in Retrospect (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1981), p. 5</ref> finding little public or media interest. In late April 1979, Anderson made the decision to enter the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 1980|Republican primary]], joining a field that included [[Ronald Reagan]], [[Bob Dole]], [[John Connally]], [[Howard Baker]], [[George H. W. Bush]], and the [[perennial candidate]] [[Harold Stassen]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1979/07/29/page/J12/article/from-back-in-the-pack-john-anderson-begins-to-move | title = From back in the pack John Anderson begins to move (July 29, 1979) | access-date = January 18, 2017}}</ref> Within the last weeks of 1979, Anderson introduced his signature campaign proposal, advocating that a 50-cent a gallon [[Fuel taxes in the United States|gas tax]] be enacted with a corresponding 50% reduction in [[Social Security (United States)#Taxation|Social Security taxes]].<ref>CBS Evening News, December 10, 1979; NBC Nightly News, December 13, 1979.</ref> Anderson built [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 1980|state campaigns]] in four targeted states—[[New Hampshire primary|New Hampshire]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Illinois]], and [[Wisconsin]].<ref name="CTobit"/> He won some political support among Republicans, picking up endorsements along the way that helped legitimize him in the race.<ref name="WPobit">{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/john-b-anderson-fiery-third-party-candidate-in-1980-presidential-race-dies-at-95/2017/12/04/dd25dfda-d92a-11e7-b1a8-62589434a581_story.html | title = John B. Anderson, fiery third-party candidate in 1980 presidential race, dies at 95 | newspaper = [[The Washington Post]] | date = December 4, 2017 | access-date = December 4, 2017}}</ref> He began to build support among media elites, who appreciated his articulateness, straightforward manner, moderate positions, and his refusal to walk down the conservative path that all of the other Republicans were traveling.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 53–119}}

Anderson often referred to his candidacy as "a campaign of ideas". He supported tax credits for businesses' research-and-development budgets, which he believed would increase American productivity; he also supported increasing funding for research at universities. He supported lowering interest rates, antitrust action, conservation, environmental protection and limiting oil companies from absorbing small businesses through legislation. He opposed Ronald Reagan's proposal to cut taxes broadly, which he feared would increase the [[National debt of the United States|national debt]] and the inflation rate (which was very high at the time of the campaign), believing it to be "[[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]]-era economics".<ref name="auto"/> He also supported a [[Fuel taxes in the United States|tax on gasoline]] to reduce dependence on foreign oil.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.4president.org/brochures/andersonlucey1980brochure.htm | title = John Anderson for President 1980 Campaign Brochure | website = www.4president.org | access-date = January 30, 2014 | archive-date = December 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171204070103/http://www.4president.org/brochures/andersonlucey1980brochure.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> He supported the [[Equal Rights Amendment]], [[LGBT rights in the United States|gay rights]] and [[Abortion in the United States|abortion rights]] generally; he also touted his perfect record of having supported all civil rights legislation since 1960. He opposed the requirement for registration for the [[Conscription in the United States|military draft]], which Jimmy Carter had reinstated. This made him appealing to many liberal college students who were dissatisfied with Carter.<ref>''A Campaign of Ideas: The 1980 Anderson/Lucey Platform (Contributions in American Studies)'' by Clifford W Brown Jr. (Author), Robert J. Walker (Author) {{ISBN|978-0313245350}}</ref> However, he also voiced support for a strong, flexible military and support for [[NATO]] against the [[USSR]], as well as several other positions associated with Republicans, including deregulation of some industries such as natural gas and oil prices, and a balanced budget to be achieved mainly by reductions in government spending.<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1980/02/john-anderson-the-nice-guy-syndrome/306028/ | title = John Anderson: The Nice Guy Syndrome | first = Walter | last = Shapiro | magazine = [[The Atlantic]] | date = February 1980}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0514/051419.html|title=John Anderson: the independent and issues|magazine=Christian Science Monitor }}</ref>

=== Republican primary ===
On January 5, 1980, in the Republican candidates' debate in [[Des Moines, Iowa]],<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygGL9DGeSGM  | archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ygGL9DGeSGM | archive-date = December 11, 2021 |url-status = live | title = Republican Debate, Iowa 1980 | publisher = YouTube | date = January 5, 1980 | access-date = January 7, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> unlike the other candidates, Anderson said lowering taxes, increasing defense spending, and balancing the budget were an impossible combination.<ref name="WPobit"/> In a stirring summation,{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 120–127}} Anderson invoked his father's immigration to the United States and said that Americans would have to make sacrifices "for a better tomorrow."<ref name="WPobit"/> For the next week, Anderson's name and face were all over the national news programs, in newspapers, and in national news magazines.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 120–127}} Anderson spent less than $2000 in Iowa, but he finished with 4.3% of the vote.<ref name="CTobit"/> The television networks were covering the event, portraying Anderson to a national audience as a man of character and principle.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 133–156}} When the voters in New Hampshire went to the polls, Anderson again exceeded the expectations, finishing fourth with just under 10% of the vote.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 133–156}}

Anderson was declared the winner in both Massachusetts and Vermont by the Associated Press,<ref>CBS Evening News, western edition, March 4, 1980; MacPherson, "Wow! Said John Anderson", March 6, 1980.</ref>{{sfn|Bisnow|1983| p = 146}} but the following morning ended up losing both primaries by a slim margin.<ref name="WPobit"/> In Massachusetts, he lost to George Bush by 0.3% and in Vermont he lost to Reagan by 690 votes.<ref name="WPobit"/> Anderson arrived in Illinois following the New England primaries and had a lead in the state polls,<ref name="NYTobit"/> but his Illinois campaign struggled despite endorsements from the state's two largest newspapers. Reagan defeated him, 48% to 37%. Anderson carried Chicago and Rockford, the state's two largest cities at the time, but he lost in the more conservative [[Southern Illinois|southern section of the state]].<ref name="CTobit"/> The next week, there was a primary in Connecticut, which (while Anderson was on the ballot) his team had chosen not to campaign actively in.<ref name="NYTobit" /> He finished third in Connecticut with 22% of the vote, and it seemed to most observers like any other loss, whether Anderson said he was competing or not.<ref name="WPobit"/> Next was Wisconsin, and this was thought to be Anderson's best chance for victory, but he again finished third, winning 27% of the vote.{{sfn|Mason|2011| p = 238}}

=== Independent campaign ===

[[File:AndersonButton.jpg|thumb|180px|left|A [[campaign button]] for Anderson's independent campaign]]

The Republican platform failed to endorse the [[Equal Rights Amendment]] or support extension of time for its ratification.<ref>[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844 Republican Party Platform of 1980] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219225439/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25844 |date=December 19, 2013 }}, July 15, 1980. ''The American Presidency Project''</ref> Anderson was a strong supporter of both.<ref>[http://www.4president.org/brochures/andersonlucey1980brochure.htm John Anderson for President 1980 Campaign Brochure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204070103/http://www.4president.org/brochures/andersonlucey1980brochure.htm |date=December 4, 2017 }}, www.4president.org</ref> Pollsters were finding that Anderson was much more popular across the country with all voters than he was in the Republican primary states.<ref name="CBSobit">{{cite web | url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/john-anderson-former-illinois-congressman-presidential-candidate-dead-at-95/ | title = John Anderson, former congressman and 1980 presidential candidate, dies at 95 | work =[[CBS News]] | date = December 4, 2017 | access-date = December 4, 2017}}</ref> Without any campaigning, he was running at 22% nationally in a three-way race.<ref name="CBSobit"/> Anderson's personal aide and confidant, Tom Wartowski, encouraged him to remain in the Republican Party.{{sfn|Mason|2011| p = 264}} Anderson faced a huge number of obstacles as a non-major party candidate: having to qualify for 51 ballots (which the major parties appeared on automatically), having to raise money to run a campaign (the major parties received close to $30 million in [[Presidential election campaign fund checkoff|government money for their campaigns]]), having to win national coverage, having to build a campaign overnight, and having to find a suitable running mate among them.<ref name="CBSobit"/> He built a new campaign team, qualified for every ballot, raised a great deal of money, and rose in the polls to as high as 26% in one [[Gallup poll]].{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 
264–308}}

However, in the summer of 1980, he had an overseas campaign tour to show his foreign policy credentials and it took a drubbing on national television. The major parties, particularly the [[1980 Republican National Convention|Republicans]], basked in the spotlight of their [[United States presidential nominating convention|national conventions]] where Anderson was left out of the coverage.<ref name="CBSobit" /> Anderson made an appearance with [[Ted Kennedy]] and it, too, was a huge error.<ref name="WPobit" /> By the third week of August he was in the 13–15% range in the polls.<ref>{{cite news |title=With Kennedy Aid, Carter Cuts Reagan Lead in Poll |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 19, 1980 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/19/archives/with-kennedy-aid-carter-cuts-reagan-lead-in-poll-carter-gains-in.html }}</ref> A critical issue for Anderson was appearing in the fall [[1980 United States presidential debates|presidential debates]] after the League of Women Voters invited him to appear due to popular interest in his candidacy, although he was only polling 12% at that time.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.democracynow.org/2016/8/18/open_up_the_debates_green_partys| title=Open Up the Debates: Green Party's Jill Stein Accuses Democrats & GOP of Rigging Debate Rules| website=Democracy Now!| date=August 18, 2016}}</ref> In late August, he named [[Patrick Lucey]], the former two-term Democratic Governor of Wisconsin and Ambassador to Mexico as his running mate.<ref name="CBSobit" /> Late in August, Anderson released a 317-page comprehensive platform, under the banner of the National Unity Party,{{sfn|Mason|2011| p = 352}} that was very well received. In early September, a court challenge to Federal Election Campaign Act was successful and Anderson qualified for post-election public funding.<ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-04/john-anderson-third-party-candidate-for-president-dies-at-95|title=John Anderson, Independent Who Ran for President, Dies at 95|website=Bloomberg|date=December 4, 2017|access-date=December 4, 2017}}</ref> Also, Anderson submitted his petitions for his fifty-first ballot.<ref name="Bloomberg" /> Then, the League ruled that the polls showed that he had met the qualification threshold and said he would appear in the debates.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 332–369}}

=== Fall campaign ===

[[File:Windblown Independent Presidential Candidate John Anderson speaks to students at the University of Michigan, September 3, 1980. (7670512080).jpg|thumb|210px|right|Anderson speaking to students at the [[University of Michigan]], September 3, 1980]]

Carter said that he would not appear on stage with Anderson, and sat out the debate, which hurt the President in the eyes of voters.<ref name="Bloomberg"/> Reagan and Anderson had a [[1980 United States presidential debates#First presidential debate (Convention Center)|debate]] in Baltimore on September 21, 1980.<ref name="CBSobit"/><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiAf2Ch9QbM  | archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/wiAf2Ch9QbM | archive-date = December 11, 2021 | url-status = live | title = 1980 Presidential Candidate Debate: Governor Ronald Reagan and Congressman John Anderson – 9/21/80 | publisher = YouTube | date = September 21, 1980 | access-date = January 7, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Anderson did well, and polls showed he won a modest debate victory over Reagan, but Reagan, who had been portrayed by Carter throughout the campaign as something of a warmonger, was seen as a reasonable candidate who carried himself well in the debate.<ref name="Bloomberg"/> The debate was Anderson's big opportunity as he needed a break-out performance, but what he got was a modest victory.<ref name="CBSobit"/> In the following weeks, Anderson slowly faded out of the picture with his support dropping from 16% to 10–12% in the first half of October.<ref name="NYT1980"/> By the end of the month, [[1980 United States presidential debates#Second presidential debate (Music Hall)|Reagan debated Carter]] alone, but [[CNN]] attempted to let Anderson participate in the 2nd debate by tape delay. [[Daniel Schorr]] asked Anderson the questions from the Carter-Reagan debate,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEHGr4VuBYI | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200608021410/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEHGr4VuBYI&gl=US&hl=en | archive-date = June 8, 2020 | url-status = dead | title = Carter/Reagan/Anderson Debate | publisher = YouTube | date = October 28, 1980 | access-date = January 7, 2019}}</ref> and then CNN interspersed Anderson's live answers with tape delayed responses from Carter and Reagan.<ref>{{cite journal | url = https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/1027/102722.html | title = Anderson to debate, too, via cable-TV network | date = October 27, 1980 | access-date = January 5, 2019 | journal = Christian Science Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=K3q0CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA263 
 | title = Presidential Debates: Risky Business on the Campaign Trail | via = Google Books | year = 2016 | access-date = January 5, 2019 | isbn = 978-0231541503 | last1 = Schroeder | first1 = Alan | publisher = Columbia University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/29/archives/a-carter-flipflop-is-seen-by-anderson-responding-to-2-debaters.html | title = A Carter 'Flip-Flop' is Seen by Anderson; Responding to 2 Debaters' Views, He Says on Cable TV That Tax Cuts Are 'Irresponsible' Carter's Earlier Position Repeating Charges of Past Service in World War II | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = October 29, 1980 | access-date = January 5, 2019}}</ref>

Anderson's support continued to fade down to 5%, although rose up to 8% just before election day.<ref name="NYT1980" /> Although Reagan would win a sizable victory, the polls showed the two major party candidates closer (Gallup's final poll was 47–44–8<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gallup.com/poll/9442/election-polls-accuracy-record-presidential-elections.aspx | title = Election Polls – Accuracy Record in Presidential Elections | website = Gallup | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150216181548/http://www.gallup.com/poll/9442/election-polls-accuracy-record-presidential-elections.aspx | archive-date = February 16, 2015 | df = mdy-all }})</ref> going into the election and it was clear that many would-be Anderson supporters had been pulled away by Carter and Reagan.<ref name="WPobit"/> In the end, Anderson finished with 6.6% of the vote.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 366–408}} Most of Anderson's support came from those [[Rockefeller Republican|Liberal Republicans]] who were suspicious of, or even hostile to, Reagan's conservative record.<ref name="Bloomberg"/> Many prominent intellectuals, including ''[[All in the Family]]'' creator [[Norman Lear]], and the editors of the liberal magazine ''[[The New Republic]]'', also endorsed the Anderson campaign.<ref name="Bloomberg"/> Cartoonist [[Garry Trudeau]]'s ''[[Doonesbury]]'' ran several strips sympathetic to the Anderson campaign.<ref name="Doonesbury @ 30">{{cite web | url = http://doonesbury.washingtonpost.com/strip/archive/timeline/1980 | title = Doonesbury's Timeline: 1980s | access-date = February 16, 2015}}</ref> Former First Lady [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis]], actor [[Paul Newman]] and historian [[Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.]] were also reported to be Anderson supporters.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/165276|title = The Last Serious, Qualified Third-Party Candidate for President Was … ? | date = March 5, 2017 | website = [[History News Network]] | publisher = [[George Washington University]] | last = Feinman | first = Ronald L. | access-date = June 15, 2019}}</ref>

Although the Carter campaign feared Anderson could be a [[spoiler effect|spoiler]], Anderson's campaign turned out to be "simply another option" for frustrated voters who had already decided not to back Carter for another term. Polls found that around 37% of Anderson voters favored Reagan as their second choice over Carter.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.salon.com/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook/ | date = April 4, 2011 | title = The myths that just won't die | first = Steve | last = Kornacki | work = Salon}}</ref> Anderson did not carry a single precinct in the country.{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 409}}{{sfn|Mason|2011| pp = 529}} Anderson's finish was still the best showing for a [[third party (United States)|third-party]] candidate since [[George Wallace]]'s 14% in 1968 and stands as the seventh-best for any such candidate since [[American Civil War|the Civil War]] (trailing [[James B. Weaver]]'s 8.5% in 1892, [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s 27% in 1912, [[Robert M. La Follette, Sr.|Robert La Follette]]'s 17% in 1924, Wallace, and [[Ross Perot]]'s 19% and 8% in 1992 and 1996, respectively).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tarr |first1=David R |title=Elections A to Z |last2=Benenson |first2=Bob |last3=Moore |first3=John Leo |publisher=CQ Press/Sage Publications |year=2012 |isbn=978-0872897694 |edition=4th |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |page=629 |language=en}}</ref> He pursued Ohio's refusal to provide ballot access to the U.S. Supreme Court and won 5–4 in ''[[Anderson v. Celebrezze]]''. His inability to make headway against the ''de facto'' two-party system as an independent in that election would later lead him to become an advocate of [[instant-runoff voting]], helping to found [[FairVote]] in 1992.<ref name="NYTobit" /><ref name="Bloomberg" />

== Later career ==
[[File:John Anderson 1999.jpg|thumb|250px|Anderson speaking at a rally, 1999]]

By the end of the campaign, much of Anderson's support came from college students.<ref name="NYTobit"/> [[Jesse Ventura]] stated during an interview that he voted for Anderson in 1980. Anderson capitalized on that by becoming a visiting professor at a series of universities: [[Stanford University]], [[University of Southern California]], [[Duke University]], [[University of Illinois College of Law]], [[Brandeis University]], [[Bryn Mawr College]], [[Oregon State University]], [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]], and [[Nova Southeastern University]] and delivered the lecture at the 1988 [[Waldo Family Lecture Series on International Relations]] at [[Old Dominion University]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Waldo Family Lecture Series Digital Collection | url = http://dc.lib.odu.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/waldoseries | website = Old Dominion University | access-date = July 17, 2017 | archive-date = October 16, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171016175520/http://dc.lib.odu.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/waldoseries | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 1984, Anderson endorsed [[Walter Mondale]] over [[Ronald Reagan]] in the presidential election.<ref>Anderson To Endorse Mondale; The Washington Post, David S. Broder, August 28, 1984</ref> He was chair of [[FairVote]] from 1996 to 2008, after helping to found the organization in 1992, and continued to serve on its board until 2014. He also served as president of the [[Citizens for Global Solutions|World Federalist Association]] and on the advisory board of [[Public Campaign]] and the [[Electronic Privacy Information Center]], and was [[of counsel]] to the Washington, D.C.–based law firm of [[Greenberg & Lieberman]], LLC.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aplegal.com/ourattorneys.html | title = Washington DC Lawyer – Washington Attorney – Patent Lawyer | website = Aplegal.com | access-date = July 28, 2011 | archive-date = October 10, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111010121121/http://www.aplegal.com/ourattorneys.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

He was the first executive director of the [[Council for the National Interest]], founded in 1989 by former Congressmen [[Paul Findley]] (R-IL) and [[Pete McCloskey]] (R-CA) to promote American interests in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web | first = Ayoon | last = Wa Aza| url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-242066683.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130518221949/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-242066683.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = May 18, 2013 | title = How Pro-Israeli Lobbies Destroy U.S. Interests | edition = [[Al-Hayat|Dar Al Hayat, International]] | date= November 14, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | first = Delinda C. | last = Hanely | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1952602901.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130518215609/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1952602901.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = May 18, 2013 | title = CNI Cruises into a New Decade | work = [[Washington Report on Middle East Affairs]] | date = January 1, 2010 }}</ref> In the [[2000 U.S. presidential election]], he was briefly considered as possible candidate for the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] nomination but instead endorsed [[Ralph Nader]], who [[Ralph Nader 2000 presidential campaign|was nominated]] by the [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]].<ref>{{cite web 
 | url = http://www.politics1.com/greens.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090317082438/http://www.politics1.com/greens.htm | archive-date = March 17, 2009 | title = Presidency 2000: Ralph Nader of Connecticut, Green Party Presidential Nominee | website = Politics1}}</ref> In January 2008, Anderson indicated strong support for the candidacy of a fellow Illinoisan, Democratic contender [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Campaign digest | work = [[The Seattle Times]] | date = January 7, 2008 | page = A5}}</ref> In 2012, he played a role in the creation of the [[Justice Party (United States)|Justice Party]], a [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] and [[social-democratic]] party organized to support the candidacy of former [[Salt Lake City]] mayor [[Rocky Anderson]] (no relation) for the [[2012 U.S. presidential election]].<ref name = "Rocky Anderson returns this time shooting for nation's top office">{{Cite news | last = Robert | first = Gehrke| title = Rocky Anderson returns – this time shooting for nation's top office | newspaper = Salt Lake Tribune | location = Salt Lake City | publisher = Kearns-Tribune LLC | date = November 29, 2011 | url = http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/politics/53014248-90/anderson-party-rocky-ballot.html.csp?page=2 | access-date = November 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705395124/Rocky-Anderson-forms-Justice-Party-plans-to-run-for-president.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111201221022/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705395124/Rocky-Anderson-forms-Justice-Party-plans-to-run-for-president.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = December 1, 2011 | title = Rocky Anderson forms Justice Party, plans to run for president | work = [[Deseret News]] | date = November 30, 2011 | access-date = December 2, 2011 | last = Romboy | first = Dennis}}</ref> On August 6, 2014, he endorsed the campaign for the [[United Nations Parliamentary Assembly]] (UNPA), one of only six persons who served in Congress ever to do so.<ref>{{cite web | title = Overview » Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly | website = UNPA | url = http://en.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/?mapcountry=US&mapgroup=cur | access-date = October 21, 2017}}</ref>

== Death ==

Anderson died in Washington, D.C., on December 3, 2017, at the age of 95.<ref name="NYTobit">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/politics/john-anderson-who-ran-against-reagan-and-carter-in-1980-is-dead-at-95.html | title = John Anderson, Who Ran Against Reagan and Carter in 1980, Is Dead at 95 | website = [[The New York Times]] | last = Clymer | first = Adam | date = December 4, 2017|access-date = December 4, 2017}}</ref> He is interred at [[Arlington National Cemetery]] on June 22, 2018.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.bostonherald.com/opinion/op_ed/2018/06/congressman_and_candidate_john_b_anderson_an_honorable_man_who_spoke_his_mind | title = Congressman and candidate John B. Anderson an honorable man who spoke his mind | first = Jeff | last = Robbins | newspaper = [[Boston Herald]] | date = June 26, 2018 | access-date = June 26, 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
=== Citations ===

{{reflist|20em}}

=== Sources ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | last = Amy | first = Douglas J. | year = 2002| title = Real Choices/New Voices | location = New York | publisher = Columbia University Press | isbn = 0231125496 | edition = 2nd}}
* {{Cite book | last = Bisnow | first = Mark | year = 1983 | title = Diary of a Dark Horse: The 1980 Anderson Presidential Campaign | location = Carbondale | publisher = Southern Illinois University Press | isbn = 0809311143}}
* {{Cite book | last = Mason | first = Jim | year = 2011 | title = No Holding Back: The 1980 John B. Anderson Presidential Campaign | url = http://www.noholdingbackbook.com/ | location = Lanham, MD   | publisher = University Press of America | isbn = 978-0761852261}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==

{{commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Biographical Directory of Congress|A000195}}
* {{C-SPAN|33355}}
* [https://archive.today/20161229051713/http://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CghhbmRlcnNvbhIEam9obiiD14OABA--/ Arlington National Cemetery]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Leo E. Allen]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Illinois|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Illinois's 16th congressional district]]|years=1961–1981}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lynn M. Martin]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Melvin Laird]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chairman of the House Republican Conference|Chair of the House Republican Conference]]|years=1969–1979}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Samuel L. Devine]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{US House Republican Conference Chairs}}
{{United States presidential election, 1980}}
{{USCongRep-start|congresses= 87th–96th [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[Illinois]]}}
{{USCongRep/IL/87}}
{{USCongRep/IL/88}}
{{USCongRep/IL/89}}
{{USCongRep/IL/90}}
{{USCongRep/IL/91}}
{{USCongRep/IL/92}}
{{USCongRep/IL/93}}
{{USCongRep/IL/94}}
{{USCongRep/IL/95}}
{{USCongRep/IL/96}}
{{USCongRep-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Illinois|United States|Politics|Modern history}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderson, John B.}}
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