Editing John Abbott

{{Short description|Prime Minister of Canada from 1891 to 1892}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Honourable]]<!--His correct prefix is "The Honourable", NOT "The Right Honourable"; see explanation on Talk page-->
| name                = Sir John Abbott
| honorific-suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|KCMG|QC|size=100%}}
| image               = SirJohnAbbott1.jpg
| caption             = Abbott in 1892
| order1              = 3rd
| office1             = Prime Minister of Canada
| term_start1         = June 16, 1891
| term_end1           = November 24, 1892
| monarch1            = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]
| governor_general1   = [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|Lord Stanley of Preston]]
| predecessor1        = [[John A. Macdonald]]
| successor1          = [[John Sparrow David Thompson|John Thompson]]
| office2             = 19th [[Mayor of Montreal]]
| term_start2         = 1887
| term_end2           = 1889
| predecessor2        = [[Honoré Beaugrand]]
| successor2          = [[Jacques Grenier]]
| office3             = [[Senate of Canada|Canadian Senator]] from [[Quebec]]
| constituency3       = Inkerman
| term_start3         = May 12, 1887
| term_end3           = October 30, 1893
| appointed3          = [[John A. Macdonald]]
| riding4             = [[Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel|Argenteuil]]
| parliament4         = Canadian
| term_start4         = 1880
| term_end4           = 1887
| predecessor4        = [[Thomas Christie (Canadian politician)|Thomas Christie]]
| successor4          = [[James Crocket Wilson]]
| term_start5         = September 20, 1867
| term_end5           = 1874
| predecessor5        = ''Riding established''
| successor5          = [[Lemuel Cushing, Jr.]]
| birth_name          = John Joseph Caldwell Abbott
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1821|3|12|mf=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Saint-André-d'Argenteuil|St. Andrews East]], Lower Canada
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|1893|10|30|1821|3|12|mf=y}}
| death_place         = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Canada
| restingplace        = [[Mount Royal Cemetery]], Montreal
| party               = [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Mary Bethune Abbott|Mary Bethune]]|1849}}
| children            = 8
| parents             = [[Joseph Abbott (Canadian priest)|Joseph Abbott]]<br />Harriet Bradford
| education           = [[McGill University]] (1847)
| signature           = Sir John JC Abbott Signature.svg
<!--Military service-->| allegiance          = [[Province of Canada]]<br />[[Canada|Dominion of Canada]]
| branch              = [[Canadian Army|Canadian Militia]]
| serviceyears        = 1847–1884
| rank                = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]<br />[[Lieutenant-colonel (Canada)|Lieutenant-Colonel]]
| unit                = 2nd Montreal Militia Battalion<br />4th Montreal Militia Battalion<br />[[17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars#11th Regiment Argenteuil Rangers|11th Argenteuil Rangers]]
| commands            = [[17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars#11th Regiment Argenteuil Rangers|11th Argenteuil Rangers]] (1862-1884)
| battles             = [[Fenian Raids]]
}}

'''Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|KCMG|QC}} (March 12, 1821&nbsp;– October 30, 1893) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the third [[prime minister of Canada]] from 1891 to 1892. He held office as the leader of the [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative Party]].

Abbott was born in what is now [[Saint-André-d'Argenteuil, Quebec|Saint-André-d'Argenteuil]], Quebec. He studied law at [[McGill University]] and became one of [[Montreal]]'s best-known lawyers, later returning to McGill as a professor of law and earning a [[Doctor of Civil Law]] degree. He was perhaps best known for his successful defence of the perpetrators of the [[St. Albans Raid]]. Abbott involved himself in politics from a young age, signing the [[Montreal Annexation Manifesto]] in 1849{{snd}}which he later regretted{{snd}}and winning election to the [[Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada]] in 1860. In the lead-up to [[Confederation of Canada|Confederation]] he was a prominent advocate for the rights of [[English-speaking Quebecers]].

In the [[1867 Canadian federal election|1867 federal election]], Abbott was elected to the new [[House of Commons of Canada]] as a member of the [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative Party]]. A telegram leaked from his office played a key part in the [[Pacific Scandal]] of 1873, which led to the downfall of [[John A. Macdonald]]'s first government. Abbott was appointed to the [[Senate of Canada|Senate]] in 1887, in order to become [[Leader of the Government in the Senate (Canada)|leader of the Government in the Senate]]. He became prime minister in June 1891 following Macdonald's death in office.  He was the first native-born Canadian prime minister, both Macdonald and [[Alexander Mackenzie (politician)|Alexander Mackenzie]] having been born in Scotland, and the first to serve as Prime Minister while sitting in the Senate rather than the House of Commons. Abbott was 70 years old at the time, and served only until November 1892 when he retired due to ill health. He died the following year.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Miller |first=Carman |title=Sir John Abbott |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/sir-john-abbott |date=May 23, 2007 |publisher=[[Historica Canada]] |edition=online |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926082305/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/sir-john-abbott |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Abbott was born in St. Andrews, [[Lower Canada]] (now [[Saint-André-d'Argenteuil, Quebec|Saint-André-d'Argenteuil]], Quebec), to Harriet (née Bradford) and the Rev. [[Joseph Abbott (Canadian priest)|Joseph Abbott]], an [[Anglican]] [[missionary]] from [[Little Strickland]], England. In 1849, Abbott married [[Mary Bethune Abbott|Mary Martha Bethune]] (1823–1898), a relative of Dr. [[Norman Bethune]], a daughter of [[Anglican]] [[clergyman]] and [[McGill University|McGill]] acting president [[John Bethune (principal)|John Bethune]], and a granddaughter of the [[Presbyterian]] minister [[John Bethune (Canadian minister)|John Bethune]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Young |first=Brian J. |title=Respectable Burial: Montreal's Mount Royal Cemetery |url={{google books|-DIPMAe-d4sC|plainurl=yes|page=43}} |date=2003 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press |location=Montreal, Quebec |isbn=978-0-77357-098-6 |access-date=July 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite DCB |title=Abbott, Sir John Joseph Caldwell |volume=12 |first=Carman |last=Miller |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/abbott_john_joseph_caldwell_12E.html |access-date=September 21, 2015}}</ref> The couple had four sons and four daughters, many of whom died without descendants. Their eldest surviving son, William Abbott, married the daughter of Colonel [[John Hamilton Gray (Prince Edward Island politician)|John Hamilton Gray]], a [[Father of Confederation]] and [[Premier (Canada)|premier]] of [[Prince Edward Island]]. Abbott was also the great-grandfather of [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor [[Christopher Plummer]] and the first cousin (once removed) of [[Maude Abbott]], one of [[Canada]]'s earliest female medical graduates and an expert on congenital heart disease.

Abbott was an [[Orange Order in Canada|Orangeman]] and [[Freemason]].<ref name="stjohnslodgedc.org">{{cite web | url = http://www.stjohnslodgedc.org/famous-masons | title = Famous Freemasons in the course of history | language = en | website = stjohnslodgedc.org | access-date = Sep 30, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151116030150/http://www.stjohnslodgedc.org/famous-masons | archive-date = November 16, 2015 | url-status = live}}</ref>

===Military service===

Abbott had served in the local militia “since boyhood”, being appointed an Ensign in the 2nd Montreal Militia Battalion in 1847.<ref name="canlii.org">{{cite web|last1=Hutchison|first1=Paul P.|title=Sir John J.C. Abbott: Barrister and Solicitor|url=https://www.canlii.org/en/commentary/doc/1948CanLIIDocs59#!fragment/zoupio-_Toc3Page1/BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zgGYAFMAc0ICMASgA0ybKUIQAiokK4AntADkykREJhcCWfKWr1m7SADKeUgCElAJQCiAGVsA1AIIA5AMK2RpMACNoUnYhISA|website=Canadian Legal Information Institute|access-date= 3 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> In 1849 he was a signatory to the [[Montreal Annexation Manifesto]], calling for union of the Canadas with the United States, resulting in the withdrawal of his commission in the militia. By 1850 however, he was reinstated and appointed a Captain in the 4th Montreal Militia Battalion.<ref name="canlii.org"/>

His recruitment of a battalion of 300 men, known as the [[17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars#11th Regiment Argenteuil Rangers|11th Argenteuil Rangers]], during the [[Trent Affair]] of 1861 may have been designed to atone for what he later described as the “sins of youth” and to enhance his political credentials, as much as to express his concern for his country's safety. On March 14, 1862, he was appointed Major in the [[17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars#11th Regiment Argenteuil Rangers|11th (Argenteuil Rifles) Volunteer Militia]], being promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel on March 21.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Blatherwick|first1=John|title=PRIME MINISTERS OF CANADA THEIR MILITARY CONNECTIONS, HONOURS and MEDALS |url=https://www.blatherwick.net/documents/Prime%20Ministers%20of%20Canada/40%20-%20Prime%20Ministers%20of%20Canada%20Military.pdf|website=National Defence Historical Department|access-date= 4 April 2023|language=en}}</ref>

He commanded the regiment on the border multiple times throughout the [[Fenian Raids]], on March 8, 1866, they were called out for active service and were stationed in various villages throughout [[Argenteuil Regional County Municipality|Argenteuil]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnston|first1=Louise|title=The Story of Gore: Fenian Raids of 1866 and the Gore Volunteers|url=https://www.cantondegore.qc.ca/storage/app/media/uploaded-files/History%20of%20Gore%20VII.pdf|website=The Gore Express|access-date= 3 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> On June 11, 1866, the Rangers were called out to serve at [[Cornwall, Ontario|Cornwall]], and then [[Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu]], and a reporter from Montreal stated: 
{{Blockquote
|"I learned on Sunday afternoon that troops were to be sent to St. Johns [Saint-Jean] by special train; and managed to procure permission to come out with them. The troops sent forward were a part of the force recently garrisoning Cornwall, a portion of the 25th Regt. under Col. Fan, and the Argenteuil Rangers under Lieut. Col. The Hon. J.J.C. Abbott."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnston|first1=Louise|title=The Story of Gore: Fenian Raids of 1866 and the Gore Volunteers|url=https://www.cantondegore.qc.ca/storage/app/media/uploaded-files/History%20of%20Gore%20VII.pdf|website=The Gore Express|access-date= 3 April 2023|language=en}}</ref>}}

Abbott retired from the militia as a Lieutenant Colonel, commanding the 11th Battalion, on June 22, 1883.

Taunted by his political opponents in March 1889 for his “disloyalty” in 1849, he explained that he considered his military service, and his commission as an officer and later commanding officer of the 11th Argenteuil Battalion of militia, to be evidence that his youthful error had been forgiven.<ref>{{cite web|last1=MILLER|first1=Carman|title=Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/abbott_john_joseph_caldwell_12E.html|website=Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date= 10 February 2022|language=en}}</ref>

==Legal career==
Abbott graduated as a [[Bachelor of Civil Law]] from McGill College (now [[McGill University]]) in [[Montreal]] in 1847,<ref name="EB">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Abbott, Sir John |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Abbott |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=online |access-date=September 23, 2015}}</ref> and in the same year was initiated in the St. Paul's [[Masonic Lodge]], No. 374, E.R., in [[Montreal]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/prime_ministers/abbott_j/abbott_j.html | title = Short biography of John J.C. Abbott | website = freemasonry.bcy.ca | access-date = Sep 30, 2018 | language = en | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20011101123142/http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/prime_ministers/abbott_j/abbott_j.html | archive-date = November 1, 2001 | url-status = live}}</ref> In 1867, he graduated as a [[Doctor of Civil Law]] (DCL). Most of his legal practice was in [[corporate law]]; however, his most celebrated court case was the defence of at first fourteen, then upon release and recapture, four of those fourteen [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] agents who had [[St. Albans Raid|raided St. Albans]], Vermont, from Canadian soil during the [[American Civil War]]. Abbott successfully argued that the Confederates were belligerents rather than criminals and therefore should not be extradited. He began lecturing in [[Commercial law|commercial]] and [[criminal law]] at [[McGill University|McGill]] in 1853, and in 1855 he became a professor and [[dean (education)|dean]] of its Faculty of Law, where [[Wilfrid Laurier]], a future prime minister of [[Canada]], was among his students. He continued in this position until 1880.<ref name="EB"/> In 1862, he was made [[Queen's Counsel]].<ref name="EB"/> Upon his retirement, [[McGill University|McGill]] named him emeritus professor, and in 1881 appointed him to its Board of Governors.

==Politics==
{{See also|Electoral history of John Abbott}}

===Early involvement===
In 1849, he signed the [[Montreal Annexation Manifesto]] calling for [[Canada]] to join the [[United States]], an action which he regretted later as a youthful error. He eventually joined the [[Loyal Orange Lodge]] of [[British North America]], well known as a pro-British organization. Abbott first ran for [[Parliament of Canada|Canada's Legislative Assembly]] in 1857 in the [[Argenteuil (electoral district)|Argenteuil]] district, northwest of [[Montreal]].<ref name="EB"/> Defeated, he challenged the election results on the grounds of voting list irregularities and was eventually awarded the seat in 1860. He served as solicitor general for [[Lower Canada]] (Quebec) representing the liberal administration of [[John Sandfield Macdonald]] and [[Louis-Victor Sicotte|Louis Sicotte]], from 1862 until 1863.<ref name="EB"/> He reluctantly supported Canada's confederation, fearing the reduction of the political power of [[Lower Canada]]'s English-speaking minority. In 1865, he converted to a conservative.<ref name="EB"/> His proposal to protect the electoral borders of 12 English Quebec constituencies was eventually incorporated into the [[Constitution Act, 1867|''British North America Act, 1867'']].{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

===National politics===
Abbott was elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] in 1867 as member for Argenteuil. He was removed from his seat by petition in 1874 following his involvement in the [[Pacific Scandal]]. He narrowly lost the [[1878 Canadian federal election|1878 election]], then won in February 1880, only to have his victory declared void because of bribery allegations. He was, however, subsequently elected in a by-election in August 1881. In 1887, [[John A. Macdonald|Macdonald]] appointed him to the [[Senate of Canada|Senate]].<ref name="EB"/> He served as [[Leader of the Government in the Senate (Canada)|Leader of the Government in the Senate]] from May 12, 1887, to October 30, 1893 (including his term as prime minister) and as [[Minister without Portfolio]] in [[John A. Macdonald|Macdonald's]] cabinet. He also served two one-year terms as [[mayor of Montreal]] from 1887 to 1889.
[[File:SirJohnAbbott2.jpg|thumb|right|Abbott as Mayor of Montreal.]]

Abbott was involved in the promotion of several railway projects, including the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]]  (CPR) (of which he served as president). He worked to incorporate and arrange financing for the first CPR syndicate. As legal advisor to its main financier, Sir [[Hugh Allan]], Abbott was the recipient of the infamous telegram from Prime Minister Macdonald during the [[1872 Canadian federal election]] campaign which read "I must have another ten thousand; will be the last time of calling; do not fail me; answer today." This telegram was stolen from Abbott's office and published, breaking the 1873 [[Pacific Scandal]] which brought down Macdonald's government. Abbott was subsequently a key organizer of a second syndicate which eventually completed the construction of Canada's first transcontinental railway in 1885, serving as its solicitor from 1880 to 1887 and as a director from 1885 to 1891.

===Prime minister===
{{more citations needed|section|date=June 2017}}
When Prime Minister Macdonald died in office, Abbott supported [[John Sparrow David Thompson|John Thompson]] to succeed him, but reluctantly accepted the plea of the divided [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservative party]] that he should lead the government, though he considered himself a [[caretaker government|caretaker]] prime minister for his seventeen months in office. He was one of just two Canadian Prime Ministers, the other being [[Mackenzie Bowell]], to have held the office while serving in the Senate rather than the House of Commons.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography – THOMPSON, Sir JOHN SPARROW DAVID – Volume XII (1891-1900) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/thompson_john_sparrow_david_12E.html|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.biographi.ca}}</ref>

Soon after Abbott assumed office in 1891, Canada was plunged into an economic recession; later that same year he faced another challenge as the McGreevy-Langevin scandal came to light, revealing that [[Hector-Louis Langevin]], former Minister of Public Works in the Conservative government, had conspired with contractor [[Thomas McGreevy]] to defraud the government.

Despite the political toll on his party, Abbott dealt with the backlog of government business awaiting him after Macdonald's death, including reform of the civil service and revisions of the criminal code. He attempted in 1892 to negotiate a new treaty of reciprocity with the United States, but failed to reach an agreement.

During his term, there were 52 by-elections, 42 of which were won by the Conservatives, increasing their majority by 13 seats—evidence of Abbott's effectiveness as prime minister. One year into his time as prime minister, Abbott attempted to turn the office over to Thompson, but this was rejected due to anti-[[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] sentiment in the Tory caucus.<ref name="EB"/>

==Later life==
[[File:Funeral monument John Joseph Abbott.jpg|left|thumb|Abbott's funeral monument in [[Mount Royal Cemetery]].]]
Suffering from the early stages of cancer of the brain, Abbott's health failed in 1892 and he retired to private life, whereupon [[John Sparrow Thompson|Sir John Thompson]] finally became prime minister. Abbott died less than a year later at the age of 72.

Sir John Abbott is buried in the [[Mount Royal Cemetery]], [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name="Parks_Grave">{{cite web | url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/clmhc-hsmbc/sep-gra/abbott |website=Former Prime Ministers and Their Grave Sites |title=The Honourable Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott | date=October 3, 2017 | publisher=Parks Canada |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211222214/https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/clmhc-hsmbc/sep-gra/abbott |archive-date=December 11, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Sherbrooke at Stanley Street, Montreal.jpg|thumb|Sir John Abbott's house on [[Sherbrooke Street]], [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]]]
[[John Abbott College]] in [[Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec|Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue]], [[Quebec]], near Abbott's {{convert|300|acre|km2|adj=on}} country estate (Boisbriant), is named after him.

He was named a [[Persons of National Historic Significance|Person of National Historic Significance]] by the [[Government of Canada]] in 1938.<ref>{{DFHD|1624|Abbott, Sir John Joseph Caldwell National Historic Person|access-date=September 21, 2015}}</ref>

His "most memorable" political comment is "I hate politics."<ref name="Duffy">{{cite news |first=John |last=Duffy |title=Selling Laurier: Sir Wilfrid's appeal: 'A Frenchman you can trust' |work=[[National Post]] |date=August 17, 2002 |page=B.1}}</ref> The full quote was "I hate politics and what are considered their appropriate measures. I hate notoriety, public meetings, public speeches, caucuses and everything that I know of which is apparently the necessary incident of politics—except doing public work to the best of my ability."<ref>{{cite book |first=Gordon  |last=Donaldson |author-link=Gordon Donaldson (journalist) |title=The Prime Ministers of Canada |publisher=Doubleday Canada |date=1997 |page=49}}</ref>

In their 1999 look at the [[List of prime ministers of Canada|Canadian prime ministers]] through [[Jean Chrétien]], [[J.L. Granatstein]] and [[Norman Hillmer]] included a survey of Canadian historians ranking the prime ministers. Abbott's term of service was considered below par and was ranked #17 out of 20 (up to then).<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |last2=Granatstein |first2=J.L. |title=Historians Rank the Best and Worst Canadian Prime Ministers |date=April 21, 1997 |url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1997/4/21/historians-rank-the-best-and-worst-canadian-prime-ministers |magazine=Maclean's |access-date=September 11, 2019 |archive-date=August 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802173133/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1997/4/21/historians-rank-the-best-and-worst-canadian-prime-ministers |url-status=dead }}</ref> When the survey was repeated in 2016, Abbott was ranked 7th out of ten "short-term" prime ministers with a score of 1.8 out of 5.<ref>{{cite magazine |first1=Stephen |last1=Azzi |first2=Norman |last2=Hillmer |title=Ranking Canada's best and worst prime ministers
 |date=October 7, 2016 |magazine=Maclean's |url=https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/ranking-canadas-best-and-worst-prime-ministers/}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada|Politics}}
* [[List of Montreal mayors]]
* [[List of prime ministers of Canada]]
* [[List of Freemasons|List of notable Freemasons]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last1=Granatstein  |first1=J. L. |author1-link=J.L. Granatstein |first2=Norman |last2=Hillmer |author2-link=Norman Hillmer |title=Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders |location=Toronto |publisher=HarperCollins |date=1999 |pages=38–40 |url={{google books|LbQRAQAAIAAJ|plainurl=yes|page=37}} |isbn=0-00-200027-X}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Wilson|editor-first1=James Grant|editor-last2=Fiske|editor-first2=John|title=Appletons' Cycloaedia of American Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fF4pYIceqwEC&pg=PA6|volume=I|year=1888|publisher=D. Appleton and Company|location=New York|pages=6–7}}
* {{cite DNBSupp |wstitle=Abbott, John Joseph Caldwell|pages=5-7|first=Thomas Blair |last=Browning}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sir John Abbott}}
{{DNB01 poster|Abbott, John Joseph Caldwell}}
{{wikiquote}}
*{{Canadian Parliament links|ID=8200}}
*{{Quebec MNA biography|abbott-john-joseph-caldwell-1715|name=John Joseph Caldwell Abbott}}
*[http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=104079&lang=eng Sir John Abbott fonds] at [[Library and Archives Canada]]
*[http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/scripts/large.php?accessnumber=I-6499.1&Lang=1&imageID=203104 Photograph: Hon. John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, 1863] – McCord Museum
*[http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/scripts/large.php?accessnumber=II-91034&Lang=1&imageID=148959 Photograph: Mayor John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, 1889] – McCord Museum

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Abbott, John}}
[[Category:John Abbott| ]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Canada]]
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