Editing Johann Joachim Quantz

{{short description|German flutist, composer and flute maker (1697–1773)}}
{{redirect|Quantz}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox classical composer
| name          = Johann Joachim Quantz
| image         = File:Quantz by Gerhard.jpg
| alt           = 
| caption       = 1735 portrait
| birth_date    = 30 January 1697
| birth_place   = [[Scheden]], Germany
| death_date    =  {{death date and age|1773|7|12|1697|1|30|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[Potsdam]], Germany
| occupation    = {{hlist|composer|flutist|flute maker}}
| list_of_works = [[List of compositions by Johann Joachim Quantz|List of compositions]]
| signature     = Quantz signature.png
}}
'''Johann Joachim Quantz''' ({{IPA|de|kvants|lang}}; 30 January 1697 – 12 July 1773) was a German composer, [[flute|flutist]] and flute maker of the late [[Baroque music|Baroque period]]. Much of his professional career was spent in the court of [[Frederick the Great]], where he served as the king's flute teacher. Quantz composed hundreds of flute [[sonata]]s and [[concerto]]s, and wrote ''On Playing the Flute'', an influential treatise on flute performance. His works were known and appreciated by [[Bach]], [[Haydn]] and [[Mozart]].

==Biography==
[[File:Quantz by Schleuen.jpg|thumb|upright|Portrait by Johann David Schleuen, 1767]]

===1697–1723: Early life===
Quantz was born as '''Hanß Jochim Quantz'''{{sfn|Gerke|2011|p=603}} in [[Scheden|Oberscheden]], near [[Göttingen]], [[Lower Saxony]], in the [[Electorate of Hanover]]. His father, Andreas Quantz, was a [[blacksmith]] who died when Hans was not yet 11; on his deathbed, he declared that his son should follow in his footsteps. Quantz states in his autobiography that he had been trained as a blacksmith from the age of nine.{{sfn|Nettl|2011}} As a result of his father's death he was given the opportunity to choose his own career path and from 1708 to 1713 he began his musical studies with his uncle Justus Quantz, a town musician in [[Merseburg]]; he also studied for a time with a cousin's husband, the organist Johann Friedrich Kiesewetter. From 1714 on, Quantz studied composition extensively and pored over scores of the masters to adopt their style.{{sfn|Dikmans}}

In 1716 he joined the town band in [[Dresden]], where in 1717 he studied [[counterpoint]] with [[Jan Dismas Zelenka]]. In March 1718 he was appointed [[oboist]] in the newly formed Dresden Polish Chapel of [[August II]], Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. As it became clear that he couldn't advance as an oboist in the Polish Chapel, Quantz decided to pursue the flute, studying briefly in 1719 with [[Pierre-Gabriel Buffardin]], principal flute in the [[Staatskapelle Dresden|Royal Orchestra]]. He became good friends with [[Johann Georg Pisendel]], concertmaster of the Royal Orchestra, who greatly influenced his style.{{sfn|Dikmans}}

===1724–1727: Grand tour===
Between 1724 and 1727 Quantz completed his education by doing a "Grand Tour" of Europe as a flutist. He studied counterpoint with [[Francesco Gasparini]] in Rome, met [[Alessandro Scarlatti]] in Naples, befriended the flutist [[Michel Blavet]] in Paris, and in London was encouraged by [[Georg Friedrich Händel|Handel]] to remain there. During Carnival 1728 the Crown Prince, [[Frederick II of Prussia|Frederick the Great]], visited Dresden and met or rehearsed with [[Pisendel]] and Quantz. In April Frederick suffered from depressions and hardly ate anything; his father feared for his life. In May 1728 Quantz accompanied August II on a state visit to Berlin.{{sfn|Nicolai|1792|pp=145-148}} The [[Sophia Dorothea of Hanover|Queen of Prussia]] was impressed and wanted to hire him for her son. Though August II refused, he allowed Quantz to travel to Berlin and Bayreuth twice a year. In June 1730 he took part in the [[:de:Zeithainer Lustlager|Zeithainer Lustlager]] and travelled to Berlin.{{sfn|Raskin|1923|p=105}} Quantz later told writer [[Friedrich Nicolai]] that he and [[Hans Hermann von Katte]] one day had to hide in a closet during an outburst of Frederick's domineering father, who disapproved of his son's hairstyle, musical studies, questionable books and fancy dressing gowns.{{sfn|Bonnema|2024a}}{{sfn|Funke|p=12}} Quantz married Anna Rosina Carolina Schindler in 1737; the marriage was not happy, and it was generally known in Berlin that his wife tyrannized him. Until 1741 Quantz remained at the Saxon Court in Dresden.

===1741–1773: Court of Frederick===
[[File:Adolph Menzel - Flötenkonzert Friedrichs des Großen in Sanssouci - Google Art Project.jpg |thumb|[[Frederick II of Prussia|Frederick the Great]] playing a [[flute concerto]] in [[Sanssouci]], [[Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach|C. P. E. Bach]] at the harpsichord, Quantz leaning on the wall to the right; by [[Adolph Menzel]], 1852]]

When Frederick II became King of Prussia in 1740, Quantz finally accepted a position as flute teacher, flute maker and composer. He joined at the court in Berlin in December 1741 and stayed there for the rest of his career.{{sfn|Dikmans}} He made flutes from at least 1739 and was an innovator in flute design, adding a second key (Eb, in addition to the standard D#) to help with intonation, for example. Frederick owned 11 flutes made by Quantz.{{sfn|Owens|Reul|Stockigt|p=102}}

As well as writing hundreds of sonatas and concertos, mainly for the flute, he is known today as the author of ''Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversiere zu spielen'' (1752){{sfn|Quantz|1752}} (titled ''On Playing the Flute'' in English),{{sfn|Quantz|2001}} a treatise on traverso flute playing. It is a valuable source of reference regarding [[authentic performance|performance practice]] and flute technique in the 18th century.

Quantz never joined his orchestra, lived in [[Berlin-Mitte]] (Kronenstrasse),{{sfn|Nicolai|1786|p=393}} but played at Frederick's court until his death in 1773. A biography appeared in 1755 in Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg's ''Historisch-kritischen Beyträgen zur Aufnahme der Musik''; another, in Italian, followed in 1762. His grandnephew, Albert Quantz, published a full-length biography in 1877.

==Works==
{{listen|filename=Johann Joachim Quantz - Sonata Concertate in D.ogg|title=Sonata Concertate in D|pos=right|description=Performed by Alex Murray (traverso) and [[Martha Goldstein]] (harpsichord)|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{further|List of compositions by Johann Joachim Quantz}}
Few of Quantz's works were published during his lifetime. Most of them are for [[transverse flute]], including more than 200 sonatas, around 300 concertos, including several for two flutes; around 45 trio sonatas (mostly for 2 flutes or flute and violin, with continuo); 6 quartets for flute, violin, viola and continuo; various flute duets and flute trios; and unaccompanied caprices and fantasias for flute.

The thematic catalog for Quantz's works was published by Horst Augsbach.{{sfn|Augsbach|1997}} 'QV' stands for 'Quantz Verzeichnis', and 'Anh.' for 'Anhang' ("supplement") when the authenticity of the works is in doubt. A number of additional works have been discovered or come to light since its publication.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book
 | last = Augsbach
 | first = H.
 | title = Johann Joachim Quantz: Thematisch-systematisch Werkverzeichnis
 | publisher = [[Carus-Verlag]]
 | language = de
 | year = 1997
 | location = Stuttgart
}}
* {{cite web
 | last = Bonnema
 | first = Feike
 | date = 2024a
 | access-date= 2025-03-19
 | url = http://jjquantz.org/biography/auto-generate-from-title-2/
 | title = Johann Joachim Quantz (1697 – 1773) > Berlin, Summer 1730
 | quote = Source: Thomas Campbell: Frederick the great and his times. Volume 1.
}}
* {{cite web
 | last = Dikmans
 | first = Greg 
 | url = https://elysiumensemble.com/notes/johann-joachim-quantz.html
 | title = Johann Joachim Quantz Biography {{!}} An account of his life taken largely from his autobiography published in 1754–5
 | access-date = 2025-03-19
}}
* {{cite web
 | last =  Fontijn
 | first = Claire A. 
 | title = Quantz's Unegal: Implications for the Performance of 18th-Century Music
 | url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3137803
 | language = de
}}
* {{cite book
 | last = Funke
 | first = Carl Philipp
 | title = Leben und charakter Friedrichs II, königs von Preussen: Nebst einem zweckmaessigen auszuge aus dessen sämtlichen werken, mit zusätzen und eignen anmerkungen
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=x9kAAAAAcAAJ&dq=Nicolai+Quanz+Friedrich+anekdoten&pg=PA12
 | language = de
}}
* {{cite journal
 | last = Gerke
 | first = Horst E.
 | title = Jühnder Mitteilungen
 | volume = 18
 | publisher = Eigenverlag
 | date = October 2011
 | language = de
 | journal = Archiv der Ev. Kirche Hannover
}}
* {{cite book
 | last = Nettl
 | first = Paul
 | title = Forgotten Musicians
 | date = August 2011
 | publisher = Literary Licensing, LLC
 | isbn = 978-1-258-08065-5
 | oclc = 1032726094
 | url = http://worldcat.org/oclc/1032726094
}}
* {{cite book
 | editor-last = Nicolai
 | editor-first = Friedrich
 | editor-link = Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
 | date = 1792
 | title = Anekdoten von König Friedrich II. von Preussen
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7AFjAAAAcAAJ&dq=Nicolai+Quanz+Friedrich+Kamin&pg=PA148
 | language = de
}}
* {{cite web
 | last = Nicolai
 | first = Friedrich
 | author-link = Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
 | date= 1786
 | url = https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-diglit-548568
 | title = Beschreibung der Königlichen Residenzstädte Berlin und Potsdam, aller daselbst befindlicher Merkwürdigkeiten, und der umliegenden Gegend (Zweyter Band)
 | language = de
 | access-date = 2025-03-19
 | archive-date = 2021-09-13
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210913074551/https://download.digitale-sammlungen.de/pdf/16315157148888bsb10013771.pdf
 | url-status = live
 | doi = 10.11588/diglit.54856
}}
* {{cite book
 | title = Music at German Courts, 1715–1760: Changing Artistic Priorities
 | editor1-last = Owens
 | editor1-first = Samantha
 | editor2-last = Reul
 | editor2-first = Barbara M.
 | editor3-last = Stockigt
 | editor3-first = Janice B.
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NeTwCgAAQBAJ&q=Quantz&pg=PA102
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Quantz
  | first = Johann Joachim
  | title = Original Title: Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversiere zu spielen: mit verschiedenen, zur Beförderung des guten Geschmackes in der praktischen Musik dienlichen Anmerkungen begleitet, und mit Exempeln erläutert
  | language = de
  | trans-title = On Playing the Flute
  | translator-last = Reilly
  | translator-first = Edward R.
  | year = 1752
  | url = https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Versuch_einer_Anweisung_die_Fl%C3%B6te_traversiere_zu_spielen
}} {{mdash}} {{url|https://archive.org/details/JohannJoachimQuantzVersuchEinerAnweisungDieFlteTraversiereZu/mode/1up|facsimile}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Quantz
  | first = Johann Joachim
  | title = On Playing the Flute
  | translator-last = Reilly
  | translator-first = Edward R.
  | orig-year = 1966
  | edition = 2nd revised
  | date = 2001-03-01
  | pages = 423
  | publisher = Northeastern
  | isbn = 978-1-55553-473-8
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=K--ZaCLuVGAC&q=quantz+autobiography+english&pg=PR9
  | quote = English translation of Quantz (1752)
}}
* {{cite thesis
 | last = Raskin
 | first = Adolf
 | author-link = :de:Adolf Raskin
 | date = 1923
 | title = Johann Joachim Quantz, sein Leben und seine Kompositionen
 | language = de
 | url = https://www.vifamusik.de/dokumentenserver/dissertationen-und-habilitationen/
 | pages = 166
}}{{Moved resource|date=March 2025}}

{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
  | last = Kachmarchyk
  | first = Vladimir
  | title = German Flute Art in XVIII–XIX Centuries
  | location = Kyiv
  | publisher = Diss
  | year = 2009
  | url = http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis64r_81/cgiirbis_64.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=ARD&P21DBN=ARD&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=fullwebr&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=A=&S21COLORTERMS=1&S21STR=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%92.%D0%9F.
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Kachmarchyk
  | first = Vladimir
  | author-mask = 1
  | title = German Flute Art in XVIII–XIX Centuries
  | location = Donetsk
  | publisher = Yugo-Vostok
  | year = 2008
  | isbn = 978-966-7271-44-2
  | url = http://www.mosconsv.ru/publications/details.phtml?640
}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}
* {{cite journal
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-link= :de:Mary Oleskiewicz
  | title = Quantz’s Flute Quartets Lost and Found
  | journal = Flute Talk
  | volume = 24
  | date = April 2005
  | pages = 13–20
}}
* {{cite journal
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-mask = 1
  | title = Quantz’s Quatuors and Other Works Newly Discovered
  | journal = Early Music
  | volume = 31
  | year = 2003
  | pages = 484–505
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-mask = 1
  | title = Johann Joachim Quantz: Six Quartets for Flute, Violin, Viola, and Basso Continuo
  | location = Ann Arbor
  | publisher = Steglein Publishing
  | year = 2004
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-mask = 1
  | title = Johann Joachim Quantz: Seven Trio Sonatas
  | series = Recent Researches in Music of the Baroque Era
  | volume = 111
  | location = Middleton, Wis.
  | publisher = A-R Editions
  | year = 2001
}}
* {{cite journal
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-mask = 1
  | title = The Flutes of Quantz: Their Construction and Performing Practice
  | journal = Galpin Society Journal
  | volume = 52
  | year = 2000
  | pages = 201–220
}}
* {{cite thesis
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-mask = 1
  | title = Quantz and the Flute at Dresden: His Instruments, His Repertory, and Their Significance for the "Versuch" and the Bach Circle
  | type = PhD dissertation
  | publisher = Duke University
  | year = 1999
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-mask = 1
  | chapter = The Trio in Bach’s Musical Offering: A Salute to Frederick’s Tastes and Quantz’s Flutes?
  | editor-last = Schulenberg
  | editor-first = David
  | title = Bach Perspectives, Volume 4: The Music of J.S. Bach: Analysis and Interpretation
  | pages = 79–110
  | publisher = University of Nebraska Press
  | year = 1999a
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-mask = 1
  | chapter = Eine Quantz-Flöte in Halle? Zuordnungen und Überlegungen zu Quantz als Flötenbauer
  | title = Festschrift für Rainer Weber, Scripta Artium
  | language = de
  | volume = 1
  | pages = 79–84
  | publisher = Universität Leipzig
  | year = 1999b
}}
* {{cite journal
  | last = Oleskiewicz
  | first = Mary
  | author-mask = 1
  | title = A Museum, a World War, and a Rediscovery: Flutes by Quantz and Others from the Hohenzollern Museum
  | journal = Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society
  | volume = 24
  | year = 1998
  | pages = 107–145
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Reilly
  | first = Edward
  | title = Quantz and His Versuch: Three Studies
  | series = Studies and Documents (American Musicological Society)
  | number = 5
  | publisher = New York American Musicological Society
  | year = 1971
  | oclc = 147901
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Schmitz
  | first = Hans-Peter
  | title = Quantz Heute: Der "Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversiere zu spielen" als Lehrbuch für unser Musizieren
  | language = de
  | location = Kassel
  | publisher = Bärenreiter
  | year = 1987
  | oclc = 17658485
}}

==External links==
{{commons|Johann Joachim Quantz|Johann Joachim Quantz}}
* {{cite web
 | last = Bonnema
 | first = Feike
 | date = 2024
 | url = http://jjquantz.org/
 | title = Johann Joachim Quantz (1697 – 1773)
 | access-date= 2025-03-19
}}
* {{cite web
 | url = http://www.quantz.info/e/index.phtml
 | title = Information about the Quantz association
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051018072311/http://www.quantz.info/e/index.phtml
 | archive-date = 18 October 2005
 | url-status = dead
}}
* {{IMSLP|id=Quantz, Johann Joachim}}
* {{MutopiaComposer|QuantzJJ}}
* {{cite web
 | url = http://the-quantz-project.com
 | title = The Quantz Project – The Complete Works Recorded by Benedek Csalog & Alexis Kossenko
 | access-date = 19 March 2025
}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Quantz, Johann Joachim}}
[[Category:1697 births]]
[[Category:1773 deaths]]
[[Category:German Baroque composers]]
[[Category:18th-century German classical composers]]
[[Category:German male classical composers]]
[[Category:German classical flautists]]
[[Category:Flute makers]]
[[Category:German recorder players]]
[[Category:German multi-instrumentalists]]
[[Category:Pupils of Johann Joseph Fux]]
[[Category:People from Göttingen (district)]]
[[Category:18th-century German male musicians]]
[[Category:Composers for flute]]