Editing Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider

{{Short description|German classicist and naturalist (1750–1822)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Johann Gottlob Schneider
| image             = Schneider Johann Gottlob 1750-1822.png
| image_size        = 
| alt               = 
| caption           = Johann Gottlob Schneider
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1750|1|18|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Collm]], [[Electorate of Saxony]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1822|1|12|1750|1|18|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Breslau]], [[Silesia Province]]
| residence         = 
| citizenship       = 
| nationality       = German
| ethnicity         = 
| fields            = {{Unbulleted list|[[Natural history]]}}
| workplaces        = 
| alma_mater        = 
}}
'''Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider''' (18 January 1750 – 12 January 1822) was a [[German Empire|German]] [[classicist]] and [[natural history|naturalist]].

==Biography==
Schneider was born at [[Collm]] in [[Saxony]]. In 1774, on the recommendation of [[Christian Gottlob Heine]], he became secretary to the famous Strasbourg scholar [[Richard François Brunck]], and in 1811, became professor of ancient languages and eloquence at [[Breslau]] (chief librarian, 1816) where he died in 1822.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Works==
Of his numerous works the most important was his ''Kritisches griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch'' (1797–1798), the first independent work of the kind since [[Henri Estienne|Stephanus]]'s ''Thesaurus'', and the basis of [[Franz Passow|F. Passow]]'s and all succeeding Greek lexicons (including, therefore, the contemporary standard ''[[A Greek-English Lexicon]]''). A special improvement was the introduction of words and expressions connected with natural history and science.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

In 1801, he corrected and expanded re-published [[Marcus Elieser Bloch]]'s ''Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum'', a famous catalog of [[fish]]es with beautiful illustrations that is cited (as Bloch and Schneider, 1801) as the taxonomy authority for many [[species]] of fish.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

The scientific writings of ancient authors especially attracted him. He published editions of [[Claudius Aelianus|Aelian]], ''De natura animalium''; [[Nicander]], ''Alexipharmaca'' and ''Theriaca''; the ''Scriptores rei rusticae''; [[Aristotle]], ''Historia animalium'' and ''Politica''; [[Epicurus]], ''Physica'' and ''Meteorologica''; [[Theophrastus]]'s ''[[Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus)|Historia plantarum]]'', ''Eclogae physicae''; [[Oppian]], ''Halieutica'' and ''Cynegetica''; the complete works of [[Xenophon]] and [[Vitruvius]]; the ''Argonautica'' of the so-called ''Orpheus'' (for which [[David Ruhnken|Ruhnken]] nicknamed him "Orpheomastix"); an essay on the life and writings of [[Pindar]] and a collection of his fragments. His ''Eclogae physicae'' is a selection of extracts of various length from Greek and Latin writers on scientific subjects, containing the original text and commentary, with essays on natural history and science in ancient times.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Legacy==
{{see also|:Category:Taxa named by Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider}}
Schneider is commemorated in the [[Binomial nomenclature|scientific name]] of a [[species]] of lizard, ''[[Eumeces schneiderii]]''.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Schneider, J.G.T.", p. 237).</ref>

==Works==
* ''Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache.'' Vogel, Leipzig 1828.
* ''Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch.'' Hahn, Leipzig 1819.
* ''Kritisches griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch.'' Frommann, Jena, Leipzig 1805/06.
* ''[[iarchive:bub gb fLo-AAAAcAAJ|Eclogae physicae, ex scriptoribus praecipue Graecis excerptae.]]'' Frommann, Jena, Leipzig 1800.
* ''[[iarchive:historiaeamphibi11799schn|Historiae amphibiorum naturalis et literariae.]]'' Frommann, Jena 1799–1801.
* ''Kritisches griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch.'' Frommann, Jena, Züllichau 1797.
* ''[[iarchive:amphibiorvmphysi00schn|Amphibiorum physiologiae specimen.]]'' Apitz, Frankfurt (Oder) 1790–97.
* ''Ad reliqua librorum Friderici II. et Alberti Magni capita commentarii ...'' Müller, Leipzig 1789.
* ''Zweyter Beytrag zur Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten.'' Müller, Leipzig 1789.
* ''Erster Beytrag zur Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten.'' Müller, Leipzig 1787.
* ''[[iarchive:sammlungvermisch00schn|Sammlung vermischter Abhandlungen zur Aufklärung der Zoologie und der Handlungsgeschichte.]]'' Unger, Berlin 1784.
* ''Allgemeine Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten.'' Müller, Leipzig 1783.
* ''Ichthyologiae veterum specimina.'' Winter, Frankfurt (Oder) 1780.
* ''[[iarchive:synonymiapiscium00arte|Synonymia piscium Graeca et Latina emendata, aucta atque illustrata]]'' 1789
* ''Anmerkungen über den Anakreon.'' Crusius, Leipzig 1770.


==See also==
* [[Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Schneider, Johann Gottlob|volume=24|pages=344–345}} This work in turn cites:
**F. Passow, ''Opuscula academica'' (1835);
**[[Conrad Bursian|C. Bursian]], ''Geschichte der classischen Philologie in Deutschland'' (1883).

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schneider, Johann Gottlob}}
[[Category:German taxonomists]]
[[Category:1750 births]]
[[Category:1822 deaths]]
[[Category:German entomologists]]
[[Category:German herpetologists]]
[[Category:German ichthyologists]]
[[Category:German lexicographers]]
[[Category:German classical scholars]]
[[Category:People from the Electorate of Saxony]]
[[Category:Leipzig University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Göttingen alumni]]
[[Category:University of Strasbourg alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of European University Viadrina]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Breslau]]
[[Category:18th-century German zoologists]]
[[Category:19th-century German zoologists]]
[[Category:18th-century German scholars]]