Editing Jeroboam

{{Short description|Biblical figure and monarch}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name         = Jeroboam<br />{{script|Hebr|ירבעם}}
| title        = 
| image        = Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Jeroboam Offering Sacrifice for the Idol - WGA08049 (cropped).jpg
| caption      = Detail of ''[[Jeroboam Sacrificing to Idols]]'' by [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard|Fragonard]], 1752
| succession   = [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|King of Israel (Northern Kingdom)]]
| reign        = 931/22 – 910/901 BC (tentative)
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = ''Position established''
| successor    = [[Nadab of Israel|Nadab]]
| spouse       = [[Wife of Jeroboam|Ano]] (named only in the [[Septuagint]])
| issue        = Abijah<br />
[[Nadab of Israel|Nadab]]
| royal house  = New House, [[Tribe of Ephraim]]
| father       = [[Nebat]]
| mother       = [[Zeruah]]
| birth_date   = unknown
| birth_place  = [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|United Kingdom of Israel]]
| death_date   = 910/901 BC (tentative)
| death_place  = [[Tirzah (ancient city)|Tirzah]], [[Northern Kingdom of Israel]]
| buried       = 
}}
'''Jeroboam I''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|dʒ|ɛr|ə|ˈ|b|oʊ|.|əm}}; [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: {{Script/Hebrew|יָרָבְעָם}} ''Yārŏḇʿām'';  {{langx|el|Ἱεροβοάμ|Hieroboám}}), frequently cited '''Jeroboam son of Nebat''', was, according to the [[Hebrew Bible]], the first king of the northern [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Kingdom of Israel]] following a [[Jeroboam's Revolt|revolt]] of the [[Ten Lost Tribes|ten tribes]] against [[Rehoboam]] that put an end to the [[United Monarchy]]. According to the book of 1 Kings, he reigned for 22 years and "there was war continually between Rehoboam and Jeroboam". Jeroboam also fought [[Abijam]] son of Rehoboam king of Judah. Jeroboam is often described as "doing evil in the sight of the Lord"

[[William F. Albright]] has dated his reign from 922 to 901 BC, while [[Edwin R. Thiele]] offers the dates 931 to 910 BC.{{sfn|Thiele|1983|p=}}

There has been much academic discussion in recent years on whether Jeroboam I existed and whether he may be a retrojection of [[Jeroboam II]], though there is not a consensus on the topic.<ref>{{cite book
 | last       = Frevel
 | first      = Christian
 | title      = History of Ancient Israel
 | publisher  = SBL Press
 | year       = 2023
 | isbn       = 9781628375145
 | url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=Yvy6EAAAQBAJ
 | pages      = 228–249
 | quote      = “[T]here is a second king Jeroboam II (787-747 BCE) for whom much of what is biblically told about Jeroboam I is more plausible.” (p. 240)
}}</ref><ref>Römer, Thomas. “How Jeroboam II became Jeroboam I”, HeBAI 6/3, 2017, 372-382. “The Deuteronomistic redactors of the book of Kings are almost silent about the reign of Jeroboam II. This can be explained by the fact that they transferred the foundation of the sanctuaries of Dan and Bethel to the time of Jeroboam I.”</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Rethinking Israel: Studies in the History and Archaeology of Ancient Israel in Honor of Israel Finkelstein |last=Grabbe |first=Lester L. |publisher=Eisenbrauns |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-57506-787-2 |pages=115–123 |editor-last=Lipschits |editor-first=O. |chapter=Jeroboam I? Jeroboam II? Or Jeroboam 0? Jeroboam in History and Tradition |editor-last2=Gadot |editor-first2=Y. |editor-last3=Adams |editor-first3=M. J.}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Yārŏḇ‘ām'' {{Script/Hebrew|יָרָבְעָם}} is commonly held to have been derived from ''rīḇ'' {{Script/Hebrew|רִיב}} and ''ʿam'' {{Script/Hebrew|עַם}}, signifying "the people contend" or "he pleads the people's cause". It is alternatively translated to mean "his people are many" or "he increases the people" (from {{Script/Hebrew|רבב}} ''rbb'', meaning "to increase"), or even "he that opposes the people". In the [[Septuagint]] he is called ''Hieroboam'' (Ἱεροβοάμ).<ref name="NETBible">{{cite web|url=http://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=JEROBOAM |title=Study dictionary: Jeroboam |publisher=NeXtBible Learning Environment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315043440/http://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=JEROBOAM |archive-date=2007-03-15 }} Source of transliterations and explanation of significance.</ref>

==Biblical background==
Jeroboam was the son of [[Nebat]], an [[Tribe of Ephraim|Ephraimite]] of [[List of minor biblical places|Zereda]]. His mother,{{efn|name=Zeruah}} named [[Zeruah]] (צרוע "leprous") was a widow.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|1 Kings|11:26|NKJV}}</ref> He had at least two sons, [[Abijah]]<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse |1 Kings|14:1|NKJV}}</ref> and [[Nadab of Israel|Nadab]]; Nadab succeeded Jeroboam on the throne.

King [[Solomon]] made the young Jeroboam a [[Wikt:superintendent|superintendent]] over his tribesmen in the building of the fortress [[Millo]] in [[Jerusalem]] and of other public works, where he became conversant with the widespread discontent caused by the extravagances which marked the reign of Solomon.{{sfn|Driscoll|1910}}

Influenced by the words of the prophet [[Ahijah the Shilonite|Ahijah]],<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|1 Kings|11:29–39|NKJV}}</ref> he began to form conspiracies with the aim of becoming king; but these plans were discovered, and he fled to [[History of ancient Egypt|Egypt]], where he remained under the protection of [[Pharaoh]] [[Shishak]] until the death of Solomon. After learning of Solomon’s death, Jeroboam returned and participated in a delegation sent to ask the new king [[Rehoboam]] to reduce taxes.{{sfn|Oded|Sperling|2006|p=142}} After Rehoboam rejected their petition, ten of the tribes withdrew their allegiance to the [[house of David]] and proclaimed Jeroboam their king, forming the northern kingdom of Israel (Samaria). Only the tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained to form the rump kingdom of Judah, loyal to Rehoboam.{{sfn|Oded|Sperling|2006|p=142}}

===Temples===
[[File:Claes Moeyaert - Sacrifice of Jeroboam - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|250px|Jeroboam sacrificing to his idol, oil on canvas by [[Claes Corneliszoon Moeyaert]], 1641]]
Jeroboam rebuilt and fortified [[Shechem]] as the capital of the northern kingdom. Fearing that the [[Three Pilgrimage Festivals|pilgrimages]] to the [[Solomon's Temple|temple in Jerusalem]] prescribed by [[Torah|the Law]] might provide an occasion for his people to go back to their old allegiances, Jeroboam built two state temples<ref>Collins, John J., ''A short introduction to the Hebrew Bible'', Fortress Press (2007), p. 47</ref> with [[golden calf|golden calves]], one in [[Bethel]] and the other in [[Dan (ancient city)|Dan]].{{sfn|Driscoll|1910}} This act is condemned by an unnamed prophet in 1 Kings 13, where the LORD declares that Jeroboam has cast YHWH behind his back.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|1 Kings|14:9|NKJV}}</ref><ref> {{cite e-book |last1=Klein |first1=Ralph W. |year=2018 |title=The "Sin" of Jeroboam | url=https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004386860/BP000010.xml |pages=26-35}}</ref> Jeroboam further deviated from normative [[Torah]] law by declaring the holiday of [[Sukkot]] in the eighth month of the calendar instead of the seventh (perhaps by adding a leap month in [[Elul]]).<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Klein |first1=Reuven Chaim |year=2018 |title=The Leap-Month Fabricated by Jeroboam
 | url=https://tobias-lib.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/148217/jbq_461_kleinjeroboam.pdf |journal=Jewish Bible Quarterly
|volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=13–18 |doi=10.17613/M6P843V9D}}</ref>

According to 1 Kings,<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|1 Kings|13:1–6|NKJV}}</ref> while Jeroboam was engaged in offering incense at [[Bethel]], a "man of God" warned him that "a son named Josiah will be born to the house of David", who would destroy the altar (referring to [[Josiah|King Josiah of Judah]] who would rule approximately three hundred years later). When Jeroboam attempted to have the prophet arrested for his bold words of defiance, the king's hand was "dried up", and the altar before which he stood was rent asunder. At the entreaty of the man of God, his hand was restored to him again, but the miracle made no abiding impression on him.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|1 Kings|13:33|NKJV}}</ref> Jeroboam offered hospitality to the man of God but this was declined, not out of contempt but in obedience to the command of God.<ref>Gill, J., [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/1_kings/13.htm Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible on 1 Kings 13], accessed 19 October 2017</ref> The prophecy is fulfilled in 2 Kings.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|2 Kings|23:15–16|NKJV}}</ref>

=== Identity of related figures ===
[[File:Ahijahs and Jeroboam.jpg|thumb|[[Gerard Hoet]], ''[[Ahijah the Shilonite|Ahijah]]'s prophecy to Jeroboam'', 1728.]]
[[Josephus]] and [[Jerome]] identify the "man of God" who warned Jeroboam as the seer named [[Iddo (prophet)|Iddo]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=74&letter=I&search=Jeroboam |title= IDDO - JewishEncyclopedia.com|website= www.jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref>

The [[wife of Jeroboam]] is a character in the [[Hebrew Bible]]. Though unnamed in the [[Masoretic text]], she appears in the [[Septuagint]] as an [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]]ian princess called Ano:
:''And [[Shishak|Sousakim]] gave to Jeroboam Ano the eldest sister of [[Thekemina]] his wife, to him as wife; she was great among the king's daughters...'' <ref name=LXX>[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/nets/edition/11-3reigns-nets.pdf 1 Kings 12:24e], [[New English Translation of the Septuagint]]</ref>

In 1 Kings,<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|1 Kings|14|NKJV}}</ref> Jeroboam's son [[Abijah]] falls ill, and Jeroboam sends his wife to the prophet Ahijah. Ahijah's message, however, is that Abijah will die, which he does. According to ''[[The Jewish Encyclopedia]]'', the good that Abijah did for which he would be laid in the grave ("Rabbinical Literature: The passage, I Kings, xiv. 13, in which there is a reference to "some good thing [found in him] toward the Lord God of Israel") is interpreted (M. Ḳ. 28b) as an allusion to Abijah's courageous and pious act in removing the sentinels placed by his father on the frontier between Israel and Judah to prevent pilgrimages to Jerusalem. Some assert that Abijah himself undertook a pilgrimage."<ref>[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/300-abijah Jewish Encyclopedia] - "The passage, I Kings, xiv. 13, in which there is a reference to 'some good thing [found in him] toward the Lord God of Israel,' is interpreted (M. Ḳ. 28b) as an allusion to Abijah's courageous and pious act in removing the sentinels placed by his father on the frontier between Israel and Judah to prevent pilgrimages to Jerusalem. Some assert that he himself undertook a pilgrimage."</ref> Nevertheless, these sentinels on the frontier were not removed until the reign of [[Hoshea]], last king of the northern Kingdom of Israel. The Rabbis explain the description of Hoshea "And he did what was evil in the eyes of the L‑rd, though not like the kings of Israel who had preceded him."<ref>[https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1679684/jewish/The-Exile-of-the-Ten-Lost-Tribes-of-Israel.htm The Exhile of the Ten Lost Tribes Chabbad library]</ref>

==War with Judah==
{{Main|Jeroboam's Revolt}}
According to the Hebrew Bible, Jeroboam was in "constant war with the house of Judah".<ref>[http://biblehub.com/topical/j/jeroboam.htm#smi Smith's Bible Dictionary: Jeroboam], accessed 2 August 2017</ref> While the southern kingdom made no serious military effort to regain power over the north, there was a long-lasting boundary dispute, fighting over which lasted most of Jeroboam’s reign. 

In the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign, [[Abijah of Judah|Abijah]] (also known as Abijam), Rehoboam's son, became king of Judah.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse |2|Chronicles|13:1|NIV}}</ref> During his short reign of three years, Abijah went to considerable lengths to bring the [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Kingdom of Israel]] back under his control. He waged [[Battle of Mount Zemaraim|a major battle]] against Jeroboam in the mountains of [[Ephraim]]. According to the Book of Chronicles Abijah had a force of 400,000 and Jeroboam 800,000.<ref>''Bible''{{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|13:3|NIV}}</ref> The Biblical sources mention that Abijah addressed the armies of Israel, urging them to submit and to let the Kingdom of Israel be whole again,<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|13:4–12|NIV}}</ref> but his plea fell on deaf ears. The biblical account states that his elite warriors fended off a [[pincer movement]] and routed Jeroboam's troops, killing 500,000 of them.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|13:17|NIV}}</ref>

Jeroboam was crippled by this severe defeat to Abijah and posed little threat to the [[Kingdom of Judah]] for the rest of his reign.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|13:20|NIV}}</ref> He also lost the towns of Bethel, [[Jeshanah]], and [[Ephraim in the wilderness|Ephron]], with their surrounding villages.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|13:19|NIV}}</ref> Bethel was an important centre for Jeroboam's [[Golden Calf]] cult (which used non-Levites as priests),<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse |1|Kings|12:25–33|}}</ref> located on Israel's southern border, which had been allocated to the [[Tribe of Benjamin]] by [[Joshua]], as was Ephron, which is believed to be the [[Ophrah]] that was allocated to the Tribe of Benjamin by Joshua.<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse||Joshua|18:20–28|}}, esp. 23</ref>

Jeroboam died soon after Abijam.

==Rabbinic literature==
According to [[Rabbinic literature]], [[Gehazi]] possessed a magnet by which he lifted up the idol made by Jeroboam, so that it was seen between heaven and earth; he had "Yhwh" engraved on it, and in consequence the idol (a calf) pronounced the first two words of the Decalogue (ib.).<ref>Gehazi at Jewish Encyclopedia</ref>

That Ahijah, though one of the pillars of righteousness, should have been sent to Jeroboam with a divine message inducing him to establish his idolatrous kingdom is explained by the rabbis in the following manner: They say that he was entrapped by a ruse of Jeroboam's idolatrous friends, who circulated a document requesting Jeroboam to become king and stipulating that, if he were elected, he set up a golden calf at Dan and Beth-El. Ahijah signed this document, believing firmly that Jeroboam would not belie his trust. Herein he was mistaken in his pupil. Jeroboam had shown great wisdom and learning, and appeared to Ahijah "as pure as the new garment" he wore when Ahijah saw him coming out of Jerusalem (I Kings, xi. 29). Moreover, as he excelled all the rest of the pupils, he had been initiated by Ahijah into the innermost secrets of the Law (Sanh. 101b et seq.). Just as the words said of Isaac, "his eyes were dim, so that he could not see" (Gen. xxvii. 1), are taken to refer to spiritual blindness, because he favored his wicked son Esau, so the words, "Ahijah could not see, for his eyes were set by reason of his age" (I Kings, xiv. 4), imply spiritual blindness on the part of Ahijah, who favored a wicked pupil and set him up as ruler (Gen. R. lxv.). For this reason Ahijah was stricken with the plague (Gen. R. lxv., Yer. Yeb. xvi. 15c and parallels).
Jeroboam became for the rabbinical writers a typical evil-doer. This appears in the Septuagint (2d recension), where even his mother is represented as a disreputable woman. The name is explained as  (= "one that caused strife among the people," or "one that caused strife between the people and their Heavenly Father"; Sanh. 108b). The name (Nebat) of his father is construed as implying some defect in his progenitor. Jeroboam is excluded from the world to come (Yalḳ., Kings, 196). Although he reached the throne because he reproved Solomon, he was nevertheless punished for doing so publicly (ib.). In the meeting between Jeroboam and the Shilonite the Rabbis detect indications of Jeroboam's presumption, his zeal for impious innovations (ib.). His arrogance brought about his doom (Sanh. 101b). His political reasons for introducing idolatry are condemned (Sanh.90). As one that led many into sin, the sins of many cling to him (Abot v. 18). He is said to have invented one hundred and three interpretations of the law in reference to the priests to justify his course. At first God was pleased with him and his sacrifice because he was pious, and in order to prevent his going astray proposed to His council of angels to remove him from earth, but He was prevailed upon to let him live; and then Jeroboam, while still a lad, turned to wickedness. God had offered to raise him into Gan 'Eden; but when Jeroboam heard that Jesse's son would enjoy the highest honors there, he refused. Jeroboam had even learned the "mysteries of the chariot" (Midr. Teh.; see "Sefer Midrash Abot," Warsaw, 1896).<ref>[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8599-jeroboam#anchor4 Jerobaum "Jewish Encyclopedia"]</ref>"...If the person suffers indignities after his death, this too, can atone for his sins, and gain him a share in the World to Come. For example, the Talmud says that King Jeroboam, a brazen idolater who incited the population to follow his G‑dless ways, and certainly deserved to be excluded from the World to Come, will nevertheless arise when the time of resurrection arrives. Why? Because many years after he died his remains were ignominiously burned in fire."
<ref>[https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1127537/jewish/Who-Will-Be-Resurrected.htm By Naftali Silberberg "Who Will Be Resurrected?]</ref> An account of Joshua Ben Levi reporting from hell tells how in the fourth compartment are ten nations presided by Jeroboam. The angel who punishes them is Maktiel (Matniel). Jeroboam, however, has immunity for he himself had studied the Law, and he cometh from those who had said: "We will do and hearken."<ref>[https://sacred-texts.com/journals/jras/1893-15.htm Hebrew visions of Hell and Paradise]</ref>

==Commentary on sources==
[[File:Jeroboam sets up two golden calves.jpg|thumb|Jeroboam setting up two golden calves, [[Bible Historiale]], 1372]]
The account of Jeroboam's life, like that of all his successors, ends with the formula "And the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, how he warred, and how he reigned, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel".<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|1 Kings|14|NKJV}}, {{bibleverse-nb|1 Kings|19|NKJV}}</ref>

"The [[Chronicles of the Kings of Israel]]", likely compiled by or derived from these kings' own scribes, is likely the source for the basic facts of Jeroboam's life and reign, though the compiler(s) of the extant Book of Kings clearly made selective use of it and added hostile commentaries.  His family was eventually wiped out.

The prophecies of doom concerning the fall of both the [[House of Jeroboam]] and the northern kingdom as a whole ("For the Lord shall smite Israel..., and he shall root up Israel out of this good land, which he gave to their fathers, and shall scatter them beyond the river",<ref>''Bible'' {{bibleverse|1 Kings|14:15|NKJV}}</ref> might have been composed retroactively, after the events described had already come to pass. Alternatively, the prophecy could have been a logical deduction. Judah had just been conquered and turned into a vassal of Egypt, while Israel stood between the Egyptian and Mesopotamian empires.

Oded and Sperling argued that the story of the [[golden calf]] in the wilderness<ref>(cf. {{bibleverse|1 Kings|12:28|NKJV}} with {{bibleverse|Exodus|32:4|NKJV}}</ref> was composed as a polemic against Jeroboam's cultic restoration by claiming that its origins were inconsistent with worship of YHWH.{{sfn|Oded|Sperling|2006|p=142}}

[[Thomas Römer]] argued that Jeroboam I may not have existed and that Deuteronomistic redactors transferred data from the reign of [[Jeroboam II]] to Jeroboam I,<ref>Römer, Thomas. “How Jeroboam II became Jeroboam I”, HeBAI 6/3, 2017, 372-382. “The Deuteronomistic redactors of the book of Kings are almost silent about the reign of Jeroboam II. This can be explained by the fact that they transferred the foundation of the sanctuaries of Dan and Bethel to the time of Jeroboam I.”</ref> although [[Lester L. Grabbe]] finds this theory unlikely.<ref>{{cite book |title=Rethinking Israel: Studies in the History and Archaeology of Ancient Israel in Honor of Israel Finkelstein |last=Grabbe |first=Lester L. |publisher=Eisenbrauns |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-57506-787-2 |pages=115–123 |editor-last=Lipschits |editor-first=O. |chapter=Jeroboam I? Jeroboam II? Or Jeroboam 0? Jeroboam in History and Tradition |editor-last2=Gadot |editor-first2=Y. |editor-last3=Adams |editor-first3=M. J.}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
Jeroboam is portrayed by [[Nickolas Grace]] in ''[[Solomon & Sheba (1995 film)|Solomon & Sheba]]'' (1995) and by [[Richard Dillane]] in ''[[Solomon (film)|Solomon]]'' (1997). Both of these are television films.

Within the range of standard liquor bottle sizes, a Jeroboam (also called a Double Magnum) contains 3 liters (101.4 fluid ounces). A Rehoboam contains 4.5 liters (152.2 fluid ounces).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liquor Bottle Sizes: A Complete Guide {{!}} TricorBraun |url=https://www.tricorbraun.com/blog/liquor-bottle-sizes-a-complete-guide.html |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=www.tricorbraun.com}}</ref>

"The Jeroboam" is the name of a whaling ship in ''Moby Dick''. Ahab and Ishmael's ship, the Pequod, meets the Jeroboam in Chapter 71, and learns of its trials.

==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=Zeruah|An alternative interpretation of the English text claims [[Zeruah]] was the '''grandmother''' of Jeroboam, being the mother of [[Nebat]]. But this is not supported by the Hebrew source. Additionally throughout the [[Books of Kings]], it is standard practice to also list the names of kings' mothers, on the occasion of the beginning of their reign.}}
}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite CE1913|last=Driscoll|first= James F. |wstitle= Jeroboam|volume=8}}
*{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica |  edition=2nd | volume= 11 |first1= Bustanay |last1=Oded |first2= S. David |last2=Sperling |date=2006}}
*{{cite book | first = Edwin | last = Thiele | title = The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings|title-link= The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings| orig-year = 1951| edition = 3rd | place = Grand Rapids | publisher = Zondervan/Kregel | year = 1983 | isbn = 0-8254-3825-X}}, {{ISBN |978-0-82543825-7}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=237&letter=J&search=Jeroboam Jeroboam at the Jewish Encyclopedia]
* [https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23907 "The House of Jeroboam"] at the blog of Omniglot

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|<small>[[Tribe of Ephraim]]<br />''Contemporary [[Kingdom of Judah|Kings of Judah]]:''</small> [[Rehoboam]], [[Abijam]], [[Asa of Judah|Asa]]||||}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Solomon]], [[Rehoboam]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|King of Israel]]|years=931–910 BCE}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nadab of Israel|Nadab]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{IsraeliteKings}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:10th-century BC Kings of Israel]]
[[Category:900s BC deaths]]
[[Category:Solomon]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:House of Jeroboam]]
[[Category:Golden calf]]
[[Category:10th-century BC rebels]]