Editing Jerkiness

{{Short description|Perception of all frames while watching a film}}
{{redirect|Strobing|other uses|Strobe (disambiguation)}}

'''Jerkiness''' (sometimes called '''strobing''' or '''choppy footage''') describes the perception of individual [[Still image|still images]] while watching a [[Film|motion picture]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravenscraft |first=Eric |date=2017-06-03 |title=Why Some Scenes In Your Favorite Action Movies Look Jerky |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/309443/why-some-scenes-in-your-favorite-action-movies-look-jerky/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=How-To Geek |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
Motion pictures are made from still images shown in rapid sequence. Provided there is sufficient continuity between the images and provided the sequence is shown fast enough, the [[central nervous system]] interprets the sequence as continuous motion. However, some technologies cannot process or carry data fast enough for sufficiently high [[frame rate]]s. For example, viewing motion pictures by [[Internet]] connection generally necessitates a greatly reduced frame rate, making jerkiness clearly apparent.

In conventional [[cinematography]], the images are filmed and displayed at 24 frames per second, at which speed jerkiness is not normally discernible. [[Television screen]]s [[refresh rate|refresh]] at even higher [[frequency|frequencies]]. [[PAL]] and [[SÉCAM]] television (the standards in [[Europe]]) refresh at 25 or 50 ([[HDTV]]) frames per second. [[NTSC]] television displays (the standard in [[North America]]) refresh at 29.97 frames per second.
[[Animated cartoon]] films are typically made at reduced frame rates (accomplished by shooting several [[film frame]]s of the individual drawings) so as to limit production costs, with the result that jerkiness tends to be apparent, especially on older [[limited animation]] features.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film term Glossary |url=https://www.elginisd.net/cms/lib6/TX01917830/Centricity/Domain/560/Film%20Terms%20Glossary.pdf |website=Elgin ISD}}</ref>

== Other uses ==
Strobing can also refer to [[cross colour]] and [[Moiré pattern|Moiré patterning]]. Cross colour refers to when any high frequency luminance content of the picture, close to the TV system's colour sub-carrier frequency, is interpreted by the analogue receiver's decoder as colour information. Moiré patterning is where an interference pattern is produced by fine scene detail beating with the line (or even [[pixel]]) structure of the device used to analyse or display the scene.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Persistence of vision]]

[[Category:Film and video technology]]
[[Category:Film and video terminology]]
[[Category:Visual perception]]

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