Editing Jefferson, Iowa

{{Distinguish|Jefferson County, Iowa}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Jefferson, Iowa
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = GreeneCountyCourthouse.jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Greene County Courthouse in Jefferson
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map = Greene_County_Iowa_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Jefferson_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Jefferson, Iowa
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Iowa}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Iowa|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Greene County, Iowa|Greene]]
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         =

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name ="Gazetteer files"/>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 15.57
|area_land_km2            = 15.46
|area_water_km2           = 0.10
|area_total_sq_mi         = 6.01
|area_land_sq_mi          = 5.97
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.04

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_footnotes     = <ref name =cen2020/>
|population_total         = 4182
|population_density_km2   = 268.59
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 1056
|coordinates              = {{coord|42|01|09|N|94|22|48|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 50129
|area_code                = [[Area code 515|515]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 19-39450
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 468135<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|468135}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|http://cityofjeffersoniowa.org}}  
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
}}
'''Jefferson''' is a city in, and the [[county seat]] of [[Greene County, Iowa]],<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref> United States, along the [[Raccoon River|North Raccoon River]]. The population was 4,182 at the time of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name=cen2020>{{cite web |title=2020 Census State Redistricting Data |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/Iowa/ |website=census.gov |publisher=United states Census Bureau |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>  It is the home of the Mahanay Memorial Bell Tower, {{convert|168|ft|m}} tall, located on the town square, and visible for miles.  The tower is named for Floyd Mahanay, a businessman, philanthropist, and former resident. Jefferson is bisected east to west by the old [[Lincoln Highway]] (formerly U.S. 30). A new [[U.S. Route 30 in Iowa|U.S. Route 30]] is located approximately one mile to the north.

==History==
While [[plat]]ted and settled a few years earlier, "New Jefferson" was organized in the winter of 1855–56 and officially incorporated in January 1872. It began as a farming community and remains so today. The first settlers of the new city were the family of George S. Walton who built there in 1855.<ref>Stillman, B.B., ''Past and Present of Greene County, Iowa'', Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1907 (1979 reprint), 38.</ref>  During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Jefferson as well as Greene County contributed its sons to raising Company H, [[10th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment|10th Iowa Infantry]] (1861) and Company E, [[39th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment|39th Iowa Infantry]] (1862). The railway came to Jefferson in the decades after the Civil War. Jefferson's first mayor was Mahlon Head, elected in 1872. Jefferson's library was completed in 1904 through the generosity of the [[Carnegie library]] fund. The stretch of Lincoln Highway that runs through Jefferson was completed {{circa|1924}}.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|6.01|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|5.97|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.04|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=May 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=July 2, 2012 }}</ref>

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Jefferson has a [[hot-summer humid continental climate]], abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.

{{Weather box
|location = Jefferson, Iowa, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 69
|Feb record high F = 76
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 104
|Jun record high F = 104
|Jul record high F = 111
|Aug record high F = 107
|Sep record high F = 102
|Oct record high F = 96
|Nov record high F = 81
|Dec record high F = 71
|year record high =

|Jan avg record high F = 50.6
|Feb avg record high F = 55.4
|Mar avg record high F = 73.1
|Apr avg record high F = 84.5
|May avg record high F = 89.7
|Jun avg record high F = 92.8
|Jul avg record high F = 94.0
|Aug avg record high F = 93.0
|Sep avg record high F = 90.1
|Oct avg record high F = 84.6
|Nov avg record high F = 69.8
|Dec avg record high F = 55.3
|year avg record high F = 95.1

|Jan high F = 27.6
|Feb high F = 32.5
|Mar high F = 46.1
|Apr high F = 60.2
|May high F = 71.1
|Jun high F = 80.5
|Jul high F = 83.4
|Aug high F = 81.3
|Sep high F = 75.8
|Oct high F = 62.9
|Nov high F = 46.4
|Dec high F = 32.9
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 18.4
|Feb mean F = 22.9
|Mar mean F = 35.6
|Apr mean F = 48.1
|May mean F = 59.9
|Jun mean F = 69.9
|Jul mean F = 73.1
|Aug mean F = 70.9
|Sep mean F = 63.5
|Oct mean F = 51.0
|Nov mean F = 36.1
|Dec mean F = 24.2
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 9.1
|Feb low F = 13.3
|Mar low F = 25.2
|Apr low F = 36.0
|May low F = 48.7
|Jun low F = 59.3
|Jul low F = 62.8
|Aug low F = 60.4
|Sep low F = 51.1
|Oct low F = 39.1
|Nov low F = 25.7
|Dec low F = 15.5
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = -10.7
|Feb avg record low F = -6.5
|Mar avg record low F = 5.3
|Apr avg record low F = 22.5
|May avg record low F = 34.7
|Jun avg record low F = 47.7
|Jul avg record low F = 53.0
|Aug avg record low F = 50.9
|Sep avg record low F = 35.6
|Oct avg record low F = 23.3
|Nov avg record low F = 9.9
|Dec avg record low F = -3.5
|year avg record low F = -13.6

|Jan record low F = -37
|Feb record low F = -27
|Mar record low F = -26
|Apr record low F = 6
|May record low F = 19
|Jun record low F = 32
|Jul record low F = 40
|Aug record low F = 32
|Sep record low F = 22
|Oct record low F = -6
|Nov record low F = -9
|Dec record low F = -26
|year record low F =

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.96
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.28
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.96
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.58
|May precipitation inch = 4.97
|Jun precipitation inch = 5.19
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.38
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.21
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.13
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.58
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.69
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.38
|year precipitation inch =

|Jan snow inch = 8.2
|Feb snow inch = 8.2
|Mar snow inch = 4.8
|Apr snow inch = 0.9
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.6
|Nov snow inch = 1.5
|Dec snow inch = 7.5
|year snow inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 6.8
|Feb precipitation days = 6.6
|Mar precipitation days = 7.5
|Apr precipitation days = 10.3
|May precipitation days = 11.8
|Jun precipitation days = 11.8
|Jul precipitation days = 9.8
|Aug precipitation days = 9.2
|Sep precipitation days = 8.0
|Oct precipitation days = 8.0
|Nov precipitation days = 5.9
|Dec precipitation days = 6.7

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 5.8
|Feb snow days = 5.0
|Mar snow days = 2.6
|Apr snow days = 0.9
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.3
|Nov snow days = 1.4
|Dec snow days = 5.0

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name=NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00134228&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access
|access-date = August 2, 2022
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=dmx
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data
|access-date = August 2, 2022
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|type= USA
|align= right
|width= 20%
|state= Iowa
|shading= 
|percentages= 
|1870|779
|1880|1444
|1890|1875
|1900|2601
|1910|2477
|1920|3416
|1930|3431
|1940|4088
|1950|4326
|1960|4570
|1970|4735
|1980|4854
|1990|4292
|2000|4626
|2010|4345
|2020|4182
|source={{center|U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name=cen2020/>}}
|footnote=Source: {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|title=U.S. Census website|access-date=March 29, 2020}}
}}

===2020 census===
As of the [[United States census|census]] of 2020,<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade/2020/2020-census-main.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> there were 4,182 people, 1,872 households, and 1,116 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 695.1 inhabitants per square mile (268.4/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 2,091 housing units at an average density of 347.6 per square mile (134.2/km<sup>2</sup>). The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial]] makeup of the city was 93.1% [[White Americans|White]], 0.5% [[African Americans|Black or African American]], 0.1% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 0.7% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.0% [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]], 1.3% from other races and 4.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] persons of any race comprised 3.7% of the population.

Of the 1,872 households, 24.9% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 5.4% were cohabitating couples, 32.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present and 17.9% had a male householder with no spouse or partner present. 40.4% of all households were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, 19.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years old or older.

The median age in the city was 45.0 years. 24.5% of the residents were under the age of 20; 4.5% were between the ages of 20 and 24; 21.0% were from 25 and 44; 24.1% were from 45 and 64; and 25.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 11, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 4,345 people, 1,900 households, and 1,172 families living in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|727.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 2,156 housing units at an average density of {{convert|361.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.0% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 0.7% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.3% of the population.

There were 1,900 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.3% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the city was 46.3 years. 22.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.3% were from 25 to 44; 27.5% were from 45 to 64; and 24.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 4,626 people, 1,954 households, and 1,234 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|794.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,094 housing units at an average density of {{convert|359.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 97.97% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.15% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.24% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.39% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.61% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.63% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.73% of the population.

There were 1,954 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.8% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.88.

Age spread: 23.7% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 26.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,818, and the median income for a family was $42,754. Males had a median income of $32,206 versus $21,359 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,441. About 3.3% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

== Arts and culture ==
===  Mahanay Memorial Bell Tower ===
Completed in October 1966 at nearly 14 stories or {{convert|168|ft|m}} in height, the  Mahanay Memorial Bell Tower is named for Floyd Mahanay who left an endowment of $350,000 to have the tower built. However, the funds were not sufficient to provide for a full carillon of bells on top. In 2016, upon the 50th anniversary of the tower being built, $440,905 funds were acquired to add a four-octave, 47-bell carillon at the top of the tower. The bells are expected to be chiming the summer of 2017 and will be operated by a digital piano to give tunes for weddings, birthdays, funerals and even the local high school's fight song after games. Every 15 minutes, the tower provides the current time with a recording of the [[Westminster Quarters|Westminster Chimes]]. An elevator in the tower takes visitors to the observation deck which overlooks five Iowa counties. As of 2016, there were more than seventeen other [[List of tallest buildings in Iowa|buildings in Iowa]] taller than the Mahanay Tower: 12 in Des Moines, 3 in Cedar Rapids, and 2 in Davenport.<ref name=BellTower>{{cite news | last =  Vujicic | first = Aleksandra | title = Iowa town meets decades-long goal for silenced bell tower | url = http://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jun/12/iowa-town-meets-decades-long-goal-for-silenced-bel/ | newspaper = [[The Washington Times]] | location = Washington, D.C. | agency = [[Associated Press|Associated Press (AP)]] | date = June 12, 2016 | access-date = June 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name=DMRegisterTower>{{cite news | last =  Vujicic | first = Aleksandra | title = Iowa town meets decades-long goal for silenced bell tower | url = http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2016/06/12/jefferson-meets-decades-long-goal-silenced-bell-tower/85795874/ | newspaper = [[The Des Moines Register]] | location = [[Des Moines, Iowa]] | agency = [[Associated Press|Associated Press (AP)]] | date = June 12, 2016 | access-date = June 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name=RaccoonValleyRadioMahanay>{{cite web | title = Vision Iowa Grant Awarded to Mahanay Bell Tower Project in Jefferson | url = http://raccoonvalleyradio.com/2016/06/vision-iowa-grant-awarded-to-mahanay-bell-tower-project-in-jefferson-2/ | publisher = [[KDLS (AM)|Raccoon Valley Radio]] | location = [[Perry, Iowa]] | date = June 11, 2016 | access-date = June 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name=KWWLMahanay>{{cite web|last=Vujicic |first=Aleksandra |title=Iowa town meets decades-long goal for silenced bell tower |url=http://www.kwwl.com/story/32201920/iowa-town-meets-decades-long-goal-for-silenced-bell-tower |publisher=[[KWWL (TV)|KWWL 7]] |location=[[Waterloo, Iowa]] |agency=[[Associated Press|Associated Press (AP)]] |date=June 12, 2016 |access-date=June 13, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613113146/http://www.kwwl.com/story/32201920/iowa-town-meets-decades-long-goal-for-silenced-bell-tower |archive-date=June 13, 2016 }}</ref>

=== Festivals ===
Since 1980 annually on the second Saturday of June, the Bell Tower Festival has a parade in the morning and a street dance in the evening.<ref>[http://Belltowerfestival.org Bell Tower Festival website]</ref>

==Education==
Residents are in the [[Greene County Community School District]],<ref>"[https://educateiowa.gov/sites/files/ed/documents/SDRP2017_GREENE%20COUNTY.pdf Greene County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427122802/https://www.educateiowa.gov/sites/files/ed/documents/SDRP2017_GREENE%20COUNTY.pdf |date=April 27, 2018 }}." [[Iowa Department of Education]]. Retrieved on June 25, 2018.</ref> which operates Greene County Elementary, Greene County Middle, and Greene County High schools in Jefferson.

It was part of the Jefferson School District until July 1, 1992, when that district merged into the [[Jefferson–Scranton Community School District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.educateiowa.gov/sites/files/ed/documents/District%20Reorganization%20History%20final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124738/https://www.educateiowa.gov/sites/files/ed/documents/District%20Reorganization%20History%20final.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-02-09|title=REORGANIZATION & DISSOLUTION ACTIONS SINCE 1965-66|publisher=[[Iowa Department of Education]]|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref> It was a part of Jefferson–Scranton until it merged into the Greene County district on July 1, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carrollspaper.com/Content/Local-News-Archive/Education/Article/East-Greene-and-Jefferson-Scranton-schools-vote-to-consolidate/1/19/15167|title=East Greene and Jefferson-Scranton schools vote to consolidate|work=[[Carroll Daily Times Herald]]|date=February 6, 2013|access-date=June 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624233152/http://carrollspaper.com/Content/Local-News-Archive/Education/Article/East-Greene-and-Jefferson-Scranton-schools-vote-to-consolidate/1/19/15167|archive-date=June 24, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Johnny Case]] – Professional mixed martial artist
*[[George Gallup]] – Developer of the [[Gallup poll]]
*[[William Cook Hanson]] – Federal District Judge (Southern Dist. of Iowa)
*[[Darrell R. Lindsey]] – Posthumous recipient of the [[Medal of Honor]]
*[[Dick Oatts]] – Jazz saxophonist
*[[Bryce Paup]] – Professional football player (1990–2000)
*[[Loren Shriver]] – Astronaut
*[[Randy Weaver]] - Participant in Ruby Ridge standoff
*[[Doreen Wilber]] – Gold Medal winner in archery at the 1972 Olympics

==See also==
{{Portal|Iowa}}
* [[George H. Gallup House]]
* [[Greene County Courthouse (Iowa)|Greene County Courthouse]]
* [[KGRA]]
* [[Raccoon River Valley Trail]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Stillman, B.B., ''Past and Present of Greene County, Iowa'', Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1907 (1979 reprint)
* Franzwa, Gregory M., ''The Lincoln Highway, Iowa'' (Vol. 1), Tucson: The Patrice Press, 1995.
* Bogue, Allan G., ''From Prairie to Cornbelt, Farming on the Illinois and Iowa Prairies in the Nineteenth Century'', Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.

==External links==
{{Commons}}<!-- for current and future use if material is uploaded -->
*[http://cityofjeffersoniowa.org City website]

{{Greene County, Iowa}}
{{Iowa county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Jefferson, Iowa| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Iowa]]
[[Category:Cities in Greene County, Iowa]]
[[Category:County seats in Iowa]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1855]]
[[Category:1855 establishments in Iowa]]