Editing Jeanne Sauvé

{{Short description|Governor General of Canada from 1984 to 1990}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name             = Jeanne Sauvé
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CC|CMM|DStJ|CD|size=100%}}
| image            = Jeanne Sauvé at Rideau Hall during visit of Ronald Reagan April 1987.jpg
| caption          = Sauvé in 1987
| order            = 23rd
| office           = Governor General of Canada
| term_start       = May 14, 1984
| term_end         = January 28, 1990
| monarch          = [[Elizabeth II]]
| predecessor      = [[Edward Schreyer]]
| successor        = [[Ray Hnatyshyn]]
| primeminister    = {{unbulleted list|[[Pierre Trudeau]]|[[John Turner]]|[[Brian Mulroney]]}}
| office1          = 29th [[Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)|Speaker of the House of Commons]]
| term_start1      = April 14, 1980
| term_end1        = January 15, 1984
| predecessor1     = [[James Jerome]]
| successor1       = [[Lloyd Francis]]
| office2          = [[#External links|More...]]
| party            = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
| birth_name       = Jeanne Mathilde Benoît
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1922|4|26}}
| birth_place      = [[Prud'homme, Saskatchewan]], Canada
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1993|1|26|1922|4|26}} 
| death_place      = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Canada
| spouse           = {{marriage|[[Maurice Sauvé]]|1948|1992|end=died}}
| profession       = {{hlist|Politician|journalist}}
| signature        = Jeanne Sauve Signature.svg
}}

'''Jeanne Mathilde Sauvé''' ({{née|'''Benoît'''}}; April 26, 1922 – January 26, 1993) was a Canadian politician, journalist and stateswoman who served as the 23rd [[governor general of Canada]] from 1984 to 1990 and as the 29th [[Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)|speaker of the House of Commons]] from 1980 to 1984. She was the first woman to hold either office, and is to date the only woman to serve as speaker of the House of Commons.

Sauvé was born in [[Prud'homme, Saskatchewan]], and educated in [[Ottawa]] and [[Paris]], prior to working as a journalist for the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC). She was then elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] in 1972, whereafter she served as a [[minister of the Crown]] until 1980, when she became the Speaker. She was in 1984 appointed by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] as the [[List of governors general of Canada|23rd]] governor general since [[Canadian Confederation]], on the recommendation of [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[Pierre Trudeau]], to replace [[Edward Schreyer]] as [[Viceroy|vicereine]], and she occupied the post until succeeded by [[Ray Hnatyshyn]] in 1990. She was the first woman to serve as Canada's governor general and, while her appointment as the Queen's representative was initially and generally welcomed, Sauvé caused some controversy during her time as vicereine, mostly due to increased security around the office, as well as an anti-monarchist attitude towards the position.

On November 27, 1972, Sauvé was sworn into the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=council-conseil&doc=members-membres/hist/P-T-eng.htm#S| last=Privy Council Office| author-link=Privy Council Office (Canada)| title=Information Resources > Historical Alphabetical List since 1867 of Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada > S –| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| date=October 30, 2008| access-date=March 5, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114132308/http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=council-conseil&doc=members-membres%2Fhist%2FP-T-eng.htm#S| archive-date=January 14, 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref> She subsequently founded and worked with the Sauvé Foundation until her death, caused by [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]], on January 26, 1993.

The highest trophy for the [[Canadian Ringette Championships]], the major national competition for the sport of [[ringette]], is named in her honour. Initially called the Jeanne Sauvé Cup, it was post-humously renamed the [[Jeanne Sauvé Memorial Cup]].

==Early life, youth, and first career==
Sauvé was born in the [[Fransaskois]] community of [[Prud'homme, Saskatchewan]], to Charles Albert Benoît and Anna Vaillant, and three years later moved with them to [[Ottawa]], where her family had previously lived. In Ottawa, her father would take her to see the bronze bust on [[Parliament Hill]] of Canada's first female [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] (MP), [[Agnes Macphail]].<ref name=CBCAchieve>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/jeanne-sauves-early-years| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Their Excellencies: Canada's Governors General Since 1952 > Jeanne Sauvé's Early Years| date=February 9, 2005| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref> Sauvé studied at Notre Dame du Rosaire Convent in Ottawa, becoming head of her class in her first year, and continued her education at the [[University of Ottawa]], working for the [[government of Canada]] as a translator in order to pay her tuition. At the same time, Sauvé actively involved herself in student and political affairs; at the age of 20, she became the national president of the Young Catholic Students Group, which employed her in 1942, necessitating her move to [[Montreal]].<ref name=CBCAchieve />
[[File:Place de la Sorbonne, Paris 27 March 2017.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Sorbonne (building)|Sorbonne]] in Paris, where Sauvé obtained her degree in [[Culture of France|French civilization]]]]

It was there that Sauvé met [[Maurice Sauvé]], and the two married on September 24, 1948, the same year the couple moved to London; Maurice had obtained a scholarship to the [[London School of Economics]], and Sauvé worked as a teacher and tutor. Two years later, they moved to Paris, where Sauvé was employed as the assistant to the director of the Youth Secretariat at [[UNESCO]], and in 1951, she enrolled for one year at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]], graduating with a degree in [[Culture of France|French civilization]]. Sauvé and her husband returned to Canada near the end of 1952,<ref name=CBCAchieve /> where the couple settled in [[Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec]], and in 1959 had one child, Jean-François. Sauvé then became a founding member of the [[Institute of Political Research]] and was hired as a journalist and broadcaster with the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]'s French-language broadcaster, [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|Radio-Canada]].<ref name=CBCJournal>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/journalist-jeanne-sauve| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Journalist Jeanne Sauvé| date=July 24, 2006| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref>

After success on her first radio programme, ''Fémina'', Sauvé was moved to CBC television and focused her efforts on covering political topics on both radio and television, in both English and French. She soon drew attention to herself and was frequently invited by her friend [[Gérard Pelletier]] as a panellist on the controversial show ''Les Idées en Marche'', there revealing her left-wing political ideologies. This absorption of a woman into the traditionally male world of political journalism and commentary was unusual, yet Sauvé managed to be taken seriously, even being given her own television show, ''Opinions'', which covered "such taboo subjects as teenage sex, parental authority, and student discipline". On air from 1956 to 1963, "it was the show that made Jeanne famous".<ref name=HEx>{{cite book| last=Woods| first=Shirley| title=Her Excellency Jeanne Sauvé| publisher=Formac Publishing Company Ltd.| date=January 1, 1987| location=Halifax, Nova Scotia| isbn=978-0-88780-149-5| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/herexcellencyjea00shir}}</ref> However, Sauvé also attracted negative attention due to her husband's eventual elevation as a [[Minister of the Crown|Crown minister]]; in a piece in ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] MP [[Louis-Joseph Pigeon]] expressed concern over the wife of a minister being paid "fabulous sums by the CBC", calling the circumstances a "shame and a scandal".<ref name=CBCJournal/>

==Parliamentary career==
[[File:The Canadian House of Commons.jpg|thumb|right|The [[House of Commons of Canada]], where Sauvé served as a [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] and later [[Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada|Speaker of the House]], sitting in the chair at the far centre]]
It was the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] that wooed Sauvé into politics, asking her to run as a candidate in the Montreal riding of [[Ahuntsic (federal electoral district)|Ahuntsic]] during the [[1972 Canadian federal election|1972 federal election]]. Though she found campaigning arduous, saying: "I felt uneasy for the first time in my life when I was campaigning&nbsp;... I must say I had qualms about it myself",<ref name=HEx/> Sauvé won, becoming one of five female MPs. She was subsequently both sworn into the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Queen's Privy Council]] and appointed as [[Minister of State (Canada)|Minister of State]] for Science and Technology in the Cabinet chaired by Pierre Trudeau, thus becoming the first woman from Quebec to become a minister of the Crown and the sole female in that Cabinet.<ref name=CBCWork>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/jeanne-sauves-political-advice| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Jeanne Sauvé's political advice| date=February 9, 2005| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref> Sauvé ran again in the [[1974 Canadian federal election|election two years later]], re-winning Ahuntsic, and was given the [[Minister of the Environment (Canada)|environment portfolio]] until 1975, when she was appointed [[Minister of Communications (Canada)|Minister of Communications]].

In the [[1979 Canadian federal election|1979 election]], Sauvé won the riding of [[Laval Centre|Laval-des-Rapides]], but the Liberals lost their majority in the commons to the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]]; she thus lost her Cabinet position. She remained MP for her riding after the [[1980 Canadian federal election|federal election of 1980]], which saw both the Liberals returned to majority position.

===Speaker of the House of Commons===
Trudeau returned to position of prime minister in the [[32nd Canadian Parliament]], and selected Sauvé as his choice for the [[Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada|speaker of the House of Commons]].<ref name=CBCWork/> Because she strongly desired to campaign for the "No" forces in the weeks leading up to [[1980 Quebec referendum|Quebec's 1980 referendum on separation from Canada]], Sauvé initially refused the offer to run for the non-partisan position. But she eventually acquiesced after Trudeau convinced her that she was the right person for the job and she received permission from the leaders of all the parties in the House of Commons to engage in the federalist campaign in Quebec.<ref name=CBCSpeak>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/speaker-sauve-still-learning| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Speaker Sauvé 'still learning'| date=February 14, 2005| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref> She became the first female Speaker of the House.

In her early days as speaker, Sauvé often made mistakes with the names of MPs or the ridings they represented—once calling on the Prime Minister as the "leader of the opposition"—and occasionally miscarried procedural rulings, which led to MPs addressing her with increasing curtness. Further, all 32 of the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]] MPs in the house walked out in protest of what they viewed as a bias on Sauvé's part; they felt she allowed Liberal MPs to ask more questions than those from any other party. In a CBC interview, Sauvé conceded that the NDP members may have been right that the Liberals may have been allowed more questions over two or three days, but, on the whole, each party received an equal number of opportunities. It was also speculated that MPs had taken to [[Showboat#Showboating|showboating]] for the television cameras that had recently been installed in the chamber.<ref name=CBCSpeak/>

Sauvé did, however, find success in implementing reforms that professionalised the speaker's tasks of managing expenses and staff for the House of Commons, cutting back on the excess bureaucracy, personnel, overtime waste, and costs she discovered upon her installation. Once the changes were made, Sauvé had reduced the commons' support personnel by 300 and saved $18&nbsp;million out of the annual expenses, all of which, to some, actually improved overall service. Sauvé was lauded, by MPs and the media alike, for her courage in challenging the establishment. Other MPs, though, stated that she had gone too far and balked at the resulting inconveniences, such as having to clear their own plates in the commons cafeteria. At the same time, Sauvé also established the first [[Day care|daycare]] for Parliament Hill staff, MPs, and senators.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/jeanne-sauve-madame-speaker| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Jeanne Sauvé, Madame Speaker| date=February 14, 2005| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref>

She also presided over debates on [[Constitution of Canada|the constitution]], dealing with [[filibuster]]s and numerous [[Point of order|points of order]], as well as discussions over the proposed [[National Energy Program|Energy Security Act]], against which the [[Official Opposition (Canada)|loyal opposition]] mounted a counter-campaign that culminated in a two-week bell-ringing episode when the Conservatives' [[Parliamentary Whip|Whip]] refused to appear in the Commons to indicate that the opposition was ready for a vote. Despite pressure from the government that she intervene to break the deadlock, Sauvé maintained that it was up to the parties to resolve it themselves through negotiation.

==Governor General of Canada==
Sauvé was the first female governor general in [[History of Canada|Canada's history]], and only the second woman amongst all the [[Commonwealth realm]]s—both previous and contemporary to the time—to assume the equivalent office, after [[Elmira Minita Gordon]], who was in 1981 appointed [[List of Governors-General of Belize|Governor-General of Belize]].

===As governor general-designate===
It was in December 1983 announced from the [[Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)|Office of the Prime Minister of Canada]] that Trudeau had put forward Sauvé's name to Queen Elizabeth II as his recommendation on who should succeed Edward Schreyer as governor general of Canada. In the national media, the reception was generally positive, with Sauvé's elegance, refined nature, and bilingualism viewed as an asset to such a posting, despite speculation regarding her ability to remain non-partisan, as would be expected of the vicereine.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/governor-general-jeanne-sauve| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Governor General Jeanne Sauvé| date=July 24, 2006| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref> However, by January 15, of the following year Sauvé resigned as an MP, and thus as speaker, and two days later she was hospitalised; rumours circulated that it was due to cancer, but the official story was that she had contracted a respiratory virus, which was further complicated by an allergy to antibiotics.<ref name=CBCIll>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/jeanne-sauve-govenor-general-ceremony-delayed| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Jeanne Sauvé: {{Sic|nolink=y|Gove|nor}} General ceremony delayed| date=July 24, 2006| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref>

Still, Queen [[Elizabeth II]], by commission under the [[royal sign-manual]] and [[Great Seal of Canada]], appointed on January 28, 1984, Trudeau's recommendation that she appoint Sauvé as her representative.<ref name=GGBio>{{cite web| url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=55| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Role and Responsibilities > Former Governors General > The Right Honourable Jeanne Sauvé| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=February 15, 2010}}</ref> However, the latter remained in hospital, and her illness only worsened, leading colleagues to believe that she would die, and the Canadian Press and CBC to draft preliminary [[Obituary|obituaries]].<ref name=HEx /> Sauvé did recover, and was released from care on March 3, though the illness had delayed her installation ceremony, which had been scheduled to take place that month. Sauvé remained secretive about the exact nature of the illness, and did not pay attention to rumours that she had developed [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]], stating in interviews that it was a private matter, and that she was well enough to uphold her responsibilities.<ref name=CBCIll />

===In office===
[[File:Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada.jpg|thumb|right|Sauvé in Ottawa, 1984]]
Sauvé was sworn in as governor general on May 14, 1984 in a ceremony in the [[Senate of Canada|Senate chamber]], during which Trudeau said: "It is right and proper that Her Majesty should finally have a woman representative here", though stressing that the Queen had not appointed Sauvé simply because she was a woman.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/jeanne-sauve-a-welcome-evolution-says-pierre-trudeau| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Jeanne Sauvé: 'A welcome evolution' says Pierre Trudeau| date=July 24, 2006| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref> Almost immediately, Sauvé made it clear that she would use her time as governor general to promote issues surrounding youth and world peace, as well as that of national unity.

As governor general, Sauvé kept up to date with Cabinet papers and met every two weeks with her successive prime ministers. She would not speak openly about her relationship with these individuals, but there was reported friction between Sauvé and [[Brian Mulroney]], whom she had appointed as prime minister in 1984. It was speculated Sauvé disapproved of the way Mulroney elevated the stature of his office with more presidential trappings and aura, as exemplified by his insistence that he alone greet U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] upon his arrival at [[Quebec City]] for the colloquially dubbed "[[Shamrock Summit]]". This was taken by the media as a snub against Sauvé who, as the head of state's direct representative, would otherwise have welcomed another head of state to Canada.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/portrait-of-jeanne-sauve-governor-general| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Portrait of Jeanne Sauvé, Governor General |date=July 1, 1985| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref> 

She did, however, greet members of the [[Monarchy of Canada#Canada's royal family and house|royal family]], including the Queen and her husband, [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]; [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]]; and [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York|the Duke]] and [[Sarah, Duchess of York|Duchess of York]]. [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]] met with Sauvé at Rideau Hall on June 4, 1988 to present her with royal [[Letters Patent]] permitting the governor general to exercise the Queen's powers in respect of the granting of [[Heraldry|heraldic arms]] in Canada, leading to the eventual creation of the [[Canadian Heraldic Authority]], of which Sauvé was the first head.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.heraldry.ca/top_en/top_about.htm| title=The Royal Heraldry Society of Canada > About the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada| publisher=Royal Heraldry Society of Canada| access-date=March 7, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914150918/http://www.heraldry.ca/top_en/top_about.htm| archive-date=September 14, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref> Among foreign visitors welcomed by Sauvé were King [[Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden]], Queen [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]], King [[Hussein of Jordan]], [[Pope John Paul II]], [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[Javier Pérez de Cuéllar]], French President [[François Mitterrand]], Chinese President [[Li Xiannian]], Romanian President [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]], [[Mother Teresa]], and, eventually, President Reagan. A number of these [[state visit]]s were reciprocated when Sauvé travelled to represent the Queen in Italy, the Vatican, China, Thailand, France, Uruguay, and Brazil.

[[File:Jeanne Sauvé 1985.jpg|thumb|left|Sauvé (left) at a garden party for the [[Ceremonial Guard (Canada)|Ceremonial Guard]] and [[Governor General's Foot Guards]] at [[Rideau Hall]], 1985]]

Also in her capacity as governor general, in 1986 Sauvé accepted, on behalf of the "People of Canada", the [[Nansen Medal]] and, two years later, opened the [[1988 Winter Olympics|XV Olympic Winter Games]] in Calgary, [[Alberta]]. One of her favourite events to host was the annual Christmas party for the Ottawa [[Boys & Girls Clubs of Canada|Boys & Girls Club]] and its French-language counterpart, the Patro d'Ottawa; the children came to Rideau Hall to visit with [[Santa Claus]] and attended a lunch in the Tent Room. Sauvé personally hosted and wore a paper party hat to celebrate the special occasion.<ref name=CBCMem>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/senator-chaput-rolland-remembers-jeanne-sauve| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Senator Chaput-Rolland remembers Jeanne Sauvé| date=February 9, 2005| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref>

Ironically, as with the speculations about Sauvé's standing in protocol vis-a-vis Mulroney, she was herself accused of elevating her position above its traditional place; she was criticised for her own presidentialisation of the viceregal post, with pundits at the time saying she occupied "Republican Hall".<ref>{{Cite news| last=Boyce| first=Peter| year=2008| publication-date=October 2009| editor-last=Jackson| editor-first=Michael D.| title=The Senior Realms of the Queen| periodical=Canadian Monarchist News| volume=Autumn 2009| issue=30| page=9| place=Sydney| publication-place=Toronto| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/sites/default/files/documents/2009/1/56.pdf| access-date=June 15, 2015| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201022/http://www.monarchist.ca/sites/default/files/documents/2009/1/56.pdf| archive-date=March 4, 2016| df=mdy-all}} Contribution: The Queen's Other Realms: The Crown and its Legacy in Australia, Canada and New Zealand ({{ISBN|978-1-86287-700-9}})</ref> For instance, it was revealed that Sauvé's staff had meddled in [[Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan]] [[Frederick Johnson (politician)|Frederick Johnson]]'s plans to host a dinner at [[Government House (Saskatchewan)|Government House]] in Regina, at which the Governor General was to be a guest. Further, municipal event organisers were told that singing of [[God Save the Queen]], the Canadian royal anthem, was not allowed and the [[loyal toast]] to the Queen was to be replaced with a toast to Sauvé,<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Pepall| first=John| title=Who is the Governor General?| journal=The Idler| location=Toronto| date=March 1, 1990| url=http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| access-date=November 13, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706192918/http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| archive-date=July 6, 2011| df=mdy-all}}</ref> all of which not only disregarded precedent but also grated on prairie sensitivities.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Jackson| first=Michael| date=2002| contribution=Political Paradox: The Lieutenant Governor in Saskatchewan| editor-last=Leeson| editor-first=Howard A.| title=Saskatchewan Politics into the 21st Century| location=Regina| publisher=Canadian Plains Research Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gardner |first=Dan |title=A stealth campaign against the Queen |newspaper=Vancouver Sun |date=February 17, 2009 |url=http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=de8067d0-64d0-4c1e-a54a-49cc3c94f3c5 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007055535/http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=de8067d0-64d0-4c1e-a54a-49cc3c94f3c5 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 }}</ref>

In her final address in office, at Christmas, 1989, some of Sauvé's words were perceived as veiled warning about the failure of the [[Meech Lake Accord]] and she was criticised for this suspected breach of neutrality. The [[Premier of Newfoundland]] at the time, [[Clyde Kirby Wells|Clyde Wells]], said it was "inappropriate for the Crown to be intruding in political affairs that way" and Bill Dawson, a law professor at the [[University of Western Ontario]], described Sauvé's use of the word ''pact'' as "injudicious". This was a subject on which Sauvé and the Queen agreed, as the Queen had also publicly expressed on October 22 and 23, 1987 her personal support for the accord and received criticism from its opponents.<ref>{{citation| last=Geddes| first=John| title=The day she descended into the fray| journal=Maclean's| edition=Special Commemorative Edition: The Diamond Jubilee: Celebrating 60 Remarkable years| year=2012| page=72| publisher=Rogers Communications}}</ref> Sauvé, though, always held that she had been speaking about Canadian unity in general and not the Meech Lake Accord in particular, or any side of the debate around it.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/jeanne-sauves-controversial-speech| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Jeanne Sauvé's controversial speech| date=February 11, 2005| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref>

===Legacy===
During her time as governor general, Sauvé established in commemoration of her state visit to Brazil the Governor General Jeanne Sauvé Fellowship, awarded each year to a Brazilian graduate student in Canadian studies. She also created two awards for students entering the field of special education and subsequently created the Sauvé Foundation in 2003 "to develop the leadership potential of promising youth from around the world", which was dedicated to the cause of youth excellence in Canada and is today headed by Jean-François. The Sauvé Scholars Program has brought groups of up to fourteen young people with demonstrated leadership potential each year to Montreal, where they attend classes at McGill University, work on individual projects and "enlarge their understanding of the world". The Sauvé Scholars, who have come from 44 countries around the world, enjoy a unique residential program at Maison Jeanne Sauvé, which constitutes a key part of their experience.

For sporting endeavours, Sauvé formed the [[Jeanne Sauvé Trophy]], for the world cup championship in women's [[field hockey]], and the [[Jeanne Sauvé Fair Play Award]], to recognise national amateur athletes who best demonstrate fair play and non-violence in sport. Further, Sauvé encouraged a safer society in Canada by establishing the [[Governor General's Awards#Other|Governor General's Award for Safety in the Workplace]].

In 1983, then President of the national organization for the sport of [[ringette]] in Canada, [[Ringette Canada]], Betty Shields, had the trophy for the [[Canadian Ringette Championships]] named in her honour. The trophy was initiated in December 1984 and was first presented at the 1985 Canadian Ringette Championships in Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Québec. While Sauvé was alive the trophy was called the Jeanne Sauvé Cup. Post-humously it was renamed the [[Jeanne Sauvé Memorial Cup]], which remains the trophy's namesake today.

Though there was some criticism in the final evaluations of her performance as governor general, mostly for a perceived aloofness and sense of self-importance—which [[Rideau Hall#Postwar_and_closed_gates|her closing of the Rideau Hall estate to the public]] came to symbolise<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/closing-off-rideau-hall| title=CBC Digital Archives > Politics > Federal Politics > Jeanne Sauvé, a Woman of Firsts > Closing off Rideau Hall| date=January 24, 2006| publisher=CBC| access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref>—Sauvé was also described as having been elegant, charming, and a person who could mingle well with common Canadians—especially children—while also maintaining a sense of the dignity of state.<ref name=CBCMem /> She was said to have enjoyed both entertaining and ceremony, two necessary parts of the role of the Queen's representative. However, she was pointed out unfavourably by [[Monarchism in Canada|Canadian monarchists]] for her republican attitudes,<ref name=MC>{{cite journal|last=Toffoli |first=Gary |title=The Hnatyshyn Years |journal=Monarchy Canada |issue=Spring 1995 |publisher=Fealty Enterprises |location=Toronto |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm |access-date=March 19, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012021157/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm |archive-date=October 12, 2006 }}</ref> as illustrated in her stated opinion that the monarchy should be abolished.{{#tag:ref|Sauvé said: "''Mais absolument, on devrait abolir la monarchie au Canada!''": "But absolutely, the Monarchy must be abolished in Canada!"<ref name=MC/>|group=n|name=MC}}

==Retirement and death==
After departing Rideau Hall for the last time as governor general in 1990, Sauvé and her husband returned to Montreal, where she continued to work with the Sauvé Foundation. Only two years later, however, Maurice died, and Sauvé followed him on January 26, 1993, after a long battle with Hodgkin's lymphoma.<ref name=CBCMem /> The couple were both interred in [[Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery]] in Montreal, and, one year following her death, [[Canada Post]] issued a postage stamp bearing an image of Sauvé.

==Titles, styles, honours, and arms==

===Titles===
{{Infobox viceroy styles
| image    = [[File:Badge of the Governor-General of Canada.svg|50px]]
| name     = Jeanne Sauvé<br />(1984–1990)
| dipstyle = Her Excellency the Right Honourable<br />''Son Excellence la très honorable''
| offstyle = Your Excellency<br />''Votre Excellence''
| altstyle = Ma'am<br />''Madame''
}}

* November 27, 1972 – May 14, 1984: The Honourable Jeanne Sauvé
* May 14, 1984 – January 28, 1990: Her Excellency the Right Honourable Jeanne Sauvé, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada
* January 28, 1990 – January 26, 1993: The Right Honourable Jeanne Sauvé

===Honours===
Sauvé's personal awards and decorations include:
<div class="center">
<br>
[[File:Order of Canada (CC) ribbon bar.svg|100px]]
[[File:CAN Order of Military Merit Commander ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|100px]]
<br>
[[File:Canada100 ribbon.png|100px]]
[[File:QEII Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|100px]]
[[File:CAN 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:CD-ribbon.png|100px]]
</div>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#d4af37;color:Black" align="center" 
|'''Ribbon'''||'''Description'''||'''Notes'''
|-
|[[File:Order of Canada (CC) ribbon bar.svg|40px]] || [[Order of Canada]] (CC) || 
* Appointed Extraordinary Companion 14 May 1984<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-7860 |title=Order of Canada |publisher=The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:CAN Order of Military Merit Commander ribbon.svg|40px]]||[[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Order of Military Merit]] (CMM)||
*Appointed Extraordinary Commander (CMM) on 14 May 1984<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/150-1706 |title=The Governor General of Canada List|publisher=Gouvernment of Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|40px]] || [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Order of St John]] (KStJ) ||
* Appointed Knight 14 May 1984
|-
|[[File:Canada100 ribbon.png|40px]] || [[Canadian Centennial Medal]] ||
*Decoration awarded in 1967
|-
|[[File:QEII Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|40px]]||[[Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal]]||
*Decoration awarded in 1977
*Canadian version
|-
|[[File:CAN 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal ribbon.svg|40px]]||[[125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal]]||
*Decoration awarded in 1992
|-
|[[File:CD-ribbon.png|40px]]|| [[Canadian Forces' Decoration]] (CD) ||
* As per appointment, 14 May 1984
|-
|}

;Appointments
* {{flagicon|Canada}} January 4, 1973 – January 15, 1984: [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] (MP)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} November 27, 1972 – January 26, 1993: [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] (PC)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} May 14, 1984 – January 28, 1990: [[Order of Canada|Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/oc/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Order of Canada| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=March 4, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013111/http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/oc/index_e.asp| archive-date=September 30, 2007| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
** January 28, 1990 – January 26, 1993: Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} May 14, 1984 – January 28, 1990: [[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit]] (CMM)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Order of Military Merit| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=March 4, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930032754/http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp| archive-date=September 30, 2007| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
** January 28, 1990 – January 26, 1993: Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} May 14, 1984 – January 28, 1990: [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Dame of Justice, Prior, and Chief Officer in Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem]] (DStJ)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/ins/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Insignia Worn by the Governor General| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=March 4, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://archive.today/20061009184354/http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/ins/index_e.asp| archive-date=October 9, 2006| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
** January 28, 1990 – January 26, 1993: Dame of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (DStJ)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} May 14, 1984 – January 28, 1990: [[Scouts Canada#Organizational structure|Chief Scout of Canada]]
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1984 – January 26, 1993: [[Royal Military College of Canada|Honorary Member of the Royal Military College of Canada Club]]

;Medals
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1967: [[Canadian Centennial Medal]]
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1977: [[Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal]]
* {{flagicon|Canada}} May 14, 1984: [[Canadian Forces' Decoration]] (CD)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1992: [[Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada]]

;Foreign honours
* {{flagicon|France}} 1989: ''Médaille de la Chancellerie des universités de Paris''

====Honorary military appointments====
* {{flagicon|CAN|army}} May 14, 1984 – January 28, 1990: Colonel of [[the Governor General's Horse Guards]]
* {{flagicon|CAN|army}} May 14, 1984 – January 28, 1990: Colonel of the [[Governor General's Foot Guards]]
* {{flagicon|CAN|army}} May 14, 1984 – January 28, 1990: Colonel of [[the Canadian Grenadier Guards]]

====Honorary degrees====
* {{flagicon|Ontario}} 1986: [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]], [[Doctor of Laws]] (LLD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf |title=HONORARY DEGREES |date=December 15, 2008 |publisher=Queen's University |access-date=March 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304132120/http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2009 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Thailand}} 1987: [[Chulalongkorn University]], [[Honorary degree|Doctor of]] [[Political Science]] (DPSci)
* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} 1991: [[University of Regina]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.uregina.ca/gencal/ugcal/historyGovernment/ugcal_383.shtml| title=Undergraduate Calendar > 21. HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT > 21.4 HONORARY DEGREE RECIPIENTS| publisher=University of Regina| access-date=March 7, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605200255/http://www.uregina.ca/gencal/ugcal/historyGovernment/ugcal_383.shtml| archive-date=June 5, 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Honorific eponyms====
;Awards
* {{flag|Alberta}}: Jeanne Sauvé Undergraduate Scholarship, [[University of Alberta]], Edmonton<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/friendsuofa/nav01.cfm?nav01=35472| title=Friends of the University of Alberta > Scholarships and Prizes| publisher=University of Alberta| access-date=March 7, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618105653/http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/friendsuofa/nav01.cfm?nav01=35472| archive-date=June 18, 2009| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[Jeanne Sauvé Fair Play Award]]
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[Governor General Jeanne Sauvé Fellowship]]
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[Jeanne Sauvé Memorial Cup]]
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[Jeanne Sauvé Trophy]]

;Geographic locations
* {{flag|Quebec}}: [[Jeanne-Sauvé Park]], Montreal<ref>{{cite journal|title=Latest news about the metro construction |journal=Correspondance |volume=1 |issue=5 |page=2 |publisher=L'Agence métropolitaine de transport |location=Montreal |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.amt.qc.ca/grandsprojets/metrolaval/correspondance/Correspondance_v1n5_ang.pdf |access-date=March 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327055213/http://www.amt.qc.ca/grandsprojets/metrolaval/correspondance/Correspondance_v1n5_ang.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2009 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Quebec}}: Jeanne-Sauvé District, [[Outremont, Quebec|Outremont]]
[[File:Fort Sauve, Royal Military College of Canada.jpg|thumb|right|Fort Sauvé, [[Royal Military College of Canada]]]]

;Buildings
* {{flag|Ontario}}: [[Royal Military College of Canada|Fort Sauvé]], [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]]

;Schools
* {{flag|Manitoba}}: ''[[Collège Jeanne-Sauvé]]'', [[Winnipeg]]
* {{flag|Ontario}}: ''[[École publique Jeanne-Sauvé]]'', [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Caisse populaire gives Wolves season passes |newspaper=Sudbury Northern Life |date=October 27, 2008 |url=http://www.northernlife.ca/News/Sports/2008/caisse102809043.asp?NLStory=caisse102809043 |access-date=March 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618104204/http://www.northernlife.ca/News/Sports/2008/caisse102809043.asp?NLStory=caisse102809043 |archive-date=June 18, 2009 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Ontario}}: ''[[Ecole Jeanne-Sauvé]]'', [[Orléans, Ontario|Orléans]]
* {{flag|Ontario}}: [[Jeanne Sauvé Catholic School]], [[Stratford, Ontario|Stratford]]<ref>{{cite journal| title=Thirty-seven elementary schools receive highest rankings on Fraser Institute annual report card. Stratford – Jeanne Sauvé one of 37.| journal=Exchange Magazine for Business| publisher=Exchange Business Communications Inc.| location=Waterloo| url=http://www.exchangemagazine.com/XQuarterly/Archive-education-2-apr07.html| archive-date=September 28, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928120845/http://www.exchangemagazine.com/XQuarterly/Archive-education-2-apr07.html}}</ref>
* {{flag|Ontario}}: Jeanne Sauvé French Immersion Public School, [[London, Ontario|London]]
* {{flag|Ontario}}: Jeanne Sauvé French Immersion Public School, [[St. Catharines, Ontario|St. Catharines]]
* {{flag|Ontario}}: Jeanne Sauvé French Immersion Public School,  [[Oshawa, Ontario|Oshawa]]

;Organisations
* {{flag|Ontario}}: [[Jeanne Sauvé Family Service]]<ref>{{cite press release|title=Services familiaux Jeanne Sauvé Family Services |publisher=Jeanne Sauvé Family Services |date=November 2, 2008 |url=http://www.oacas.org/careers/jeannesuperviseur08feb11.pdf |access-date=March 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327055213/http://www.oacas.org/careers/jeannesuperviseur08feb11.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2009 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Quebec}}: [[Sauvé Foundation]]
* {{flag|Quebec}}: [[Jeanne Sauvé House]]

;Events
* {{flag|Quebec}}: Jeanne Sauvé Lecture Series<ref>{{Cite press release| title=The Governor General to Open the Jeanne Sauvé Lecture Series in Montreal| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| date=February 16, 2010| url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13523| access-date=March 1, 2010}}</ref>

===Arms===
{{Infobox COA wide
|image             = Sauve-arms.jpg
|bannerimage       = 
|badgeimage        = 
|notes             = Though Sauvé had been granted a [[coat of arms]] in 1985 by the [[College of Arms]], these were augmented by the [[Canadian Heraldic Authority]] upon its formation in 1988.
|year_adopted      = November 19, 1988
|crest             = Upon a Helm mantled Azure doubled Or, on a Wreath Or and Azure alighting within a circlet composed alternately of Maple Leaves Gules and Fleurs-de-Lys Or a Dove wings elevated and addorsed holding in its beak a sprig of Olive both proper<ref name=RHSC>{{cite web| url=http://www.heraldry.ca/arms/s/sauve.htm| title=Arms of Past and Present Canadian Governors General > SAUVÉ, The Rt. Hon. Jeanne, CC, CMM, COM, CD| publisher=Royal Heraldry Society of Canada| access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref>
|torse             = 
|helm              = 
|escutcheon        = Azure the Mace of the House of Commons of Canada Or in bend between in chief an Eagle displayed Or bearing in its beak a bolt of lightning Gules and in base a Lion passant guardant Or imperially crowned proper holding in the dexter paw a Maple Leaf Gules fimbriated Or<ref name=RHSC />
|supporters        = On either side a Doe proper each gorged with a collar Argent pendant therefrom a Roundel barry wavy Argent and Vert<ref name=RHSC />
|compartment       = 
|motto             = '''VIS ET TOLERANTIA'''<br />''(Strength and tolerance)''
|orders            = The ribbon and insignia of a Companion of the [[Order of Canada]] <br />'''DESIDERANTES MELIOREM PATRIAM'''<br />''(They desire a better country)''
|other_elements    = 
|banner            = 
|badge             = 
|symbolism         = The dove bearing an olive branch symbolises peace, while the maple leaves and fleurs de lys on the coronet in which the dove sits are representative of Sauvé's French Canadian roots. The white tailed deer hearken to the symbols of [[Saskatchewan]], where Sauvé was born, and, on the shield they support, the phoenix represents Sauvé's resurgence from cancer, the lightning bolt her career in television and radio, the mace stands for her time as Speaker of the House of Commons, and the crowned lion—the crest of the [[Arms of Canada|Royal Coat of Arms of Canada]]—indicates that Sauvé served as the viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch. Hanging below the shield is the insignia of a Companion of the Order of Canada on the bow typically used by female members of the order.
|previous_versions = '''Crest''': upon a Helm mantled Azure doubled Or, on a Wreath Or and Azure alighting within a circlet composed of Maple Leaves Gules a Dove wings elevated and addorsed holding in its beak a sprig of Olive both proper;<br />'''Escutcheon''': Azure the Mace of the House of Commons of Canada Or in bend between in chief an Eagle displayed Or and in base a Royal Crown proper Or;<br />'''Supporters''': on either side a Doe proper, Dexter applied with a Fleur de Lys Azure, Sinister applied with a Maple Leaf Gules<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.heraldry.ca/misc/arms_governorGeneral.htm| title=Arms of Past and Present Canadian Governors General| publisher=Royal Heraldry Society of Canada| access-date=March 12, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617210443/http://www.heraldry.ca/misc/arms_governorGeneral.htm| archive-date=June 17, 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

== Archives ==
There is a Jeanne Sauvé [[fonds]] at [[Library and Archives Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeanne Sauvé fonds, Library and Archives Canada|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=106848&lang=eng|access-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of elected or appointed female heads of state]]
* [[Women in Canadian politics]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="n"}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=35em}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Jeanne Sauvé}}
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=9732}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051125001317/http://www.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/sauve_e.asp Web site of the Governor General of Canada entry for Jeanne Sauvé]
* [http://jeannesauve.org Jeanne Sauvé Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307003545/http://jeannesauve.org/ |date=March 7, 2016 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jean-Léo Rochon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Ahuntsic (federal electoral district)|Ahuntsic]]|years=October 30, 1972 – May 22, 1979}}
{{s-non|reason=Constituency abolished}}
{{s-new | constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Laval Centre|Laval-des-Rapides]]|years=May 22, 1979 – January 15, 1984}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Raymond Garneau]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[James Jerome]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada|Speaker of the House of Commons]]|years=April 14, 1980 – January 15, 1984}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lloyd Francis|Cyril Lloyd Francis]]}}
{{s-other|Cabinet offices}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jack Davis (Canadian politician)|Jack Davis]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of the Environment (Canada)|Minister of the Environment]]|years=August 8, 1974 – December 5, 1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Roméo LeBlanc]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Otto Lang]]<br />{{small|Acting}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Communications (Canada)|Minister of Communications]]|years=December 5, 1975 – June 4, 1979}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David MacDonald (Canadian politician)|David MacDonald]]}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edward Schreyer]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor General of Canada]]|years=May 14, 1984 – January 29, 1990}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ray Hnatyshyn]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{CanGG}}
{{CA-Ministers of the Environment}}
{{CA-Ministers of Communications}}
{{Speakers of the Canadian House of Commons}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sauve, Jeanne}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian women journalists]]
[[Category:Women members of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Quebec]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Military Merit (Canada)]]
[[Category:Journalists from Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Dames of Justice of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Fransaskois people]]
[[Category:Governors general of Canada]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:Speakers of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:Women in Quebec politics]]
[[Category:Chancellors of Concordia University]]
[[Category:Canadian women viceroys]]
[[Category:Chief Scouts of Canada]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian women politicians]]
[[Category:First women legislative speakers]]
[[Category:Canadian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Female governors-general]]
[[Category:Women's firsts]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]