Editing Jastrzębie-Zdrój

{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Jastrzębie-Zdrój
| native_name = {{nativename|szl|Jastrzymbie-Zdroj}}
| settlement_type = [[City with powiat rights|City county]]
| motto              = Jastrzębie-Zdrój – city of youth, work and peace
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 2/2/2
| image1 = Pałac w Boryni 7.JPG{{!}}Borynia Palace
| image2 = 2012 Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Dawne Sanatorium Spółki Brackiej (01).jpg{{!}}Former Bracka Company Sanatorium
| image3 = 2012 Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Park Zdrojowy, Dom Zdrojowy (04).jpg{{!}}Drinking House
| image4 = 2012 Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Kościół Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa (03).jpg{{!}}Sacred Heart of Jesus Church
| image5 = SJZ Spa park central square.jpg{{!}}Zdrojowy Park
| image6 = Hotel Dąbrówka w Jastrzębiu-Zdroju 1.JPG{{!}}Dąbrówka Hotel
}}
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top''': [[Borynia, Jastrzębie-Zdrój|Borynia Palace]]; Former Bracka Company Sanatorium; Drinking House; Sacred Heart of Jesus Church; Zdrojowy Park; Dąbrówka Hotel
| image_flag         = Jastrzębie Zdrój flaga.svg
| image_shield       = POL Jastrzębie-Zdrój COA.svg
| pushpin_map        = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = top
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Silesian Voivodeship|name=Silesian}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of Polish counties|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = ''city county''
| leader_party       = [[Law and Justice|PiS]]
| leader_title       = City mayor
| leader_name        = Michał Urgoł
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 14th century
| established_title3 = City rights
| established_date3  = 1963
| area_total_km2     = 85.44
| population_as_of   = 31 December 2021
| population_total   = 86,632 {{decrease}}<ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=11 August 2022|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Data for territorial unit 2467000.</ref>
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| coordinates        = {{coord|49|57|N|18|35|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 44-330 to 44-335, 44-268
| area_code          = +48 32
| blank_name         = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info         = SJZ
| website            = http://www.jastrzebie.pl
}}
'''Jastrzębie-Zdrój''' ({{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Jastrzębie-Zdrój.ogg|j|a|'|s|t|sz|e|m|b|j|e|-|'|z|d|r|u|j}}; {{langx|de|Bad Königsdorff-Jastrzemb}}, originally ''Jastrzemb'', {{langx|cs|Lázně Jestřebí}}; {{langx|szl|Jastrzymbie-Zdroj}}) is a city in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]] in southern [[Poland]] with 86,632 inhabitants (2021).<ref name="population"/> Its name comes from the Polish words ''jastrząb'' ("[[hawk]]") and ''zdrój'' ("spa" or "spring").

From 1861 until the 20th century, it was a [[spa town|spa]] village situated in [[Upper Silesia]]. It was granted [[Town privileges|city rights]] in 1963. In the early 1980s, the city was one of main centers of [[Jastrzębie-Zdrój 1980 strikes|workers' protests]], which resulted in the creation of [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]].

==History==
[[File:Kościół Wszystkich Świętych w Jastrzębiu-Zdroju6.JPG|thumb|left|All Saints' Church, 1796–1801]]
The first written documentation, relating to this area, date back to around 1305 (''[[Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis]]''), when it was part of fragmented [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled Poland.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dokumentyslaska.pl/cds%2014/liber.html |title=Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis |website=dokumentyslaska.pl |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref> Administratively, the town is made up of several old settlements, whose origins go back to the distant past. The original name of the town was Jastrzemb. The origin of the name, which means 'hawk' in [[Polish language|Polish]], is connected with the legend of the black [[knight]]. From the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century, it was part of the administration of [[Wodzisław Śląski|Wodzisław]]. In the 18th century, it was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]. Between 1858 and 1860, trial excavations of hard coal were performed all over the area of Jastrzębie Dolne. These excavations ended up discovering springs containing iodine and [[bromine]] brine solutions. In 1860, the count of Königsdorff acquired the lands and suggested the construction of bath facilities. Thus, in 1862, the health resort of ''Bad Königsdorff-Jastrzemb'' was brought into life. Shortly after, the town joined the exclusive circle of the most prestigious health resorts in [[Europe]].

In 1896, the natural health centre was taken over by a Polish [[physician|doctor]], Mikołaj Witczak, who lent great service to the development of health-resort in Bad Königsdorff-Jastrzemb.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.infopolska.com.pl/artykuly/artykul_historia-jastrzebia-zdroju_503#:~:text=Uzdrowisko%20rozwin%C4%85%C5%82%20kolejny%20w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciciel%20%E2%80%93%20Miko%C5%82aj%20Witczak%2C%20kt%C3%B3ry,osobi%C5%9Bcie%20do%20zmiany%20tej%20sytuacji%2C%20zatrudniaj%C4%85c%20polskich%20lekarzy. |language=pl |title=Historia Jastrzębia-Zdroju |website=infopolska.com.pl |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref> His managerial skills together with wise investment made Jastrzębie-Zdrój a highly appreciated and fashionable health resort inside the [[German Empire]] and the [[Interwar period|interbellum]] [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]. Consequently, numerous health facilities were then set up.

In the plebiscite in Silesia in 1921, about 85% of the inhabitants of Jastrzębie Zdrój voted for Poland, a significant part of the inhabitants also took part in the [[Silesian uprisings]] in order to re-unite with Poland. Finally, in 1922, Jastrzębie-Zdrój was incorporated into Poland.

During [[World War II]], Jastrzębie was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied by Germany]].

The history of Jastrzębie-Zdrój as a health resort came to its end in the 1960s, when all over the area began the intensive exploitation of [[coking coal]] deposits. Within a period of 12 years, five [[coal mines]] were set up. Between 1954–1975, Jastrzębie was part of the [[Wodzisław County]]. From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the [[Katowice Voivodeship]]. During the time of political transformation in Poland, Jastrzębie-Zdrój went down the annals of Polish modern history as the place where the [[Jastrzębie-Zdrój Agreement]] was concluded. The signing of the protocol initiated the process of political, economic and social changes in Poland.

==Population and location==
The city itself had 91,723 inhabitants; its [[population density|density]] is 1,047.9 per km² (as of January 31, 2012). Jastrzębie-Zdrój ranks as Poland's 36th largest city. Jastrzębie-Zdrój's [[unemployment]] rate is lower (7%) than the national average of 8.8% (as of November 2010).
{{Further|topic=the river|Gmyrdek}}

==Districts==
[[File:Philharmonic Jastrzebie.jpg|thumb|Jastrzębie Philharmonic]]
Jastrzębie-Zdrój is a [[powiat]] (county) divided into 15 [[district]]s and 6 [[sołectwo]]s that have its own administrative body. Most of the districts are suburban, some are densely built with many blocks of flats generating huge housing estates, and the rest are of civic nature.

# Arki Bożka ''<small>(6,632 inhabitants)</small>''
# Barbary ''<small>(10,185 inhabitants)</small>''
# Bogoczowiec ''<small>(1,672 inhabitants)</small>''
# Chrobrego ''<small>(5,042 inhabitants)</small>''
# Gwarków ''<small>(8,126 inhabitants)</small>''
# Jastrzębie Górne i Dolne ''<small>(4,369 inhabitants)</small>''
# Morcinka ''<small>(4,534 inhabitants)</small>''
# Pionierów ''<small>(11,210 inhabitants)</small>''
# Przyjaźń ''<small>(4,718 inhabitants)</small>''
# Staszica ''<small>(6,079 inhabitants)</small>''
# Tuwima ''<small>(480 inhabitants)</small>''	
# Tysiąclecia ''<small>(3,242 inhabitants)</small>''
# Zdrój	''<small>(7,682 inhabitants)</small>''
# Złote łany ''<small>(1,118 inhabitants)</small>''
# Zofiówka ''<small>(3,473 inhabitants)</small>''

[[File:Dwór w Bziu 3.JPG|thumb|[[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] defensive manor house of the Rostek and Skrebeński families in [[Bzie]], now a [[preschool]]]]
Sołectwos:
# [[Borynia, Jastrzębie-Zdrój|Borynia]] ''<small>(1,918 inhabitants)</small>''
# [[Bzie]] ''<small>(3,602 inhabitants)</small>''
# [[Moszczenica, Jastrzębie-Zdrój|Moszczenica]] ''<small>(3,026 inhabitants)</small>''
# [[Ruptawa]] ''<small>(3,767 inhabitants)</small>''
# [[Skrzeczkowice]] ''<small>(694 inhabitants)</small>''
# [[Szeroka]] ''<small>(2,273 inhabitants)</small>''

==Sports==
[[File:HalaSportowaJastrzębie.jpg|thumb|Hala Widowiskowo-Sportowa, home venue of the [[Jastrzębski Węgiel]] volleyball club]]
; The most famous clubs
* [[Jastrzębski Węgiel]] – men's professional volleyball club, four–time Polish Champions, one-time [[Polish Men's Volleyball Cup|Polish Cup]] winners, two-time [[CEV Champions League]] finalists, [[PlusLiga]]
* [[JKH GKS Jastrzębie]] – men's professional ice hockey club, one-time Polish Champions, four-time [[Polish Cup (ice hockey)|Polish Cup]] winners, [[Polska Hokej Liga]]
* [[GKS Jastrzębie]] – men's professional [[Association football|football]] club

; Other clubs
* BKS Jastrzębie – [[boxing]]
* UKH Białe Jastrzębie – women's [[ice hockey]]
* LKS Granica Ruptawa – football
* LKS Zryw Bzie – football
* LKS Hadex Szeroka – football
* Koka Jastrzębie – [[judo]]
* UKS Romi Jastrzębie – [[team handball|women's handball]]

==Notable people==
[[File:20210707 170233 HDR.jpg|thumb|[[Henryk Sławik]] monument]]
* [[Henryk Sławik]] (1894–1944), Polish politician, social worker, activist, and diplomat, who during [[World War II]] helped save over 30,000 Polish refugees, including 5,000 Polish Jews in [[Budapest]], Hungary by giving them false Polish passports with Catholic designation
* [[Urszula Wybraniec-Skardowska]] (born 1940), Polish logician
* [[Krystian Lupa]] (born 1943), Polish theatre director, set designer, playwright, translator and pedagogue
* [[Magdalena Lewy-Boulet]] (born 1973), American athlete
* [[Marcin Radzewicz]] (born 1980), Polish footballer
* [[Dariusz Kłus]] (born 1981), Polish footballer
* [[Łukasz Pielorz]] (born 1983), Polish footballer
* [[Kamil Glik]] (born 1988), Polish footballer
* [[Michał Skóraś]] (born 2000), Polish footballer

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
Jastrzębie-Zdrój is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Miasta partnerskie|url=https://www.jastrzebie.pl/strefa-turysty/miasta-partnerskie/|website=jastrzebie.pl|publisher=Jastrzębie-Zdrój|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-10|archive-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712114124/https://www.jastrzebie.pl/strefa-turysty/miasta-partnerskie/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Borshchiv]], Ukraine (2017)
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Havířov]], Czech Republic (2007)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Ibbenbüren]], Germany (2007)
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Karviná]], Czech Republic (1995)
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Prievidza]], Slovakia (2009)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Tourcoing]], France (2007)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jastrzebie.pl/ Municipal homepage]
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/jastrzebie-zdroj/ Jewish Community in Jastrzębie-Zdrój] on Virtual Shtetl
{{commons category|Jastrzębie-Zdrój}}

{{Cities of Poland}}
{{Silesian Voivodeship}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jastrzębie-Zdrój| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:City counties of Poland]]
[[Category:Spa towns in Poland]]
[[Category:Socialist planned cities]]